Dropping out from psychotherapy is a complex phenomenon that has impact on the mental health of the dropout patients primarily and the mental health care secondarily and needs to be understood from many different angles. Among potential predictors, patient variables are so far most thoroughly examined. This tends to simplify the causal explanations that may result in adjustment of treatment procedures that are inadequate for addressing the problem. The aim of this review is to examine the current state of knowledge about therapist and process factors influencing dropout from individual psychotherapy. After electronic searches in databases 40 relevant studies published 2000–2011 were identified. The results show that the therapist skills and degree of education and experience has a great impact on dropout rates, psychotherapeutic progress and outcome, and the quality of alliance and relationship. The conclusions are that the therapists need training, peer and organisational support for accomplishment and enhancement.

Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document Copyright 1996, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Basson, LM 1996, A phenomenological study of therapist self-disclosure, DPhil thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01242007-134730/ > / Thesis (DPhil (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

The application of Adventure Therapy mediums for therapeutic, recreational and team building purposes have become increasingly popular over the past thirty years. These activities take place in a variety of contexts. One such a context that is designed and built with the explicit aim of providing challenging, adventurous activities is the high ropes course. Documented application of Ropes Courses largely consists of group-focussed application and the use of these courses in contexts where the focus is on the individual has been explored to a lesser degree. In this study analysis focuses on the interaction between a therapist and a client during a shared high ropes activity. At the time of the study, participants were also engaged in an individual psychotherapeutic process independent of the study. The study is informed by a Social Constructionist approach and in particular by Discursive Psychology. The work of members of the Discourse and Rhetoric Group at the University of Loughborough ( in particular that of Potter and Edwards) forms an integral part of the epistemology and methodology applied in this study. In this approach there is a strong emphasis on the accomplishment and management of action in interaction. Discourse is conceptualised as a resource that functions to accomplish action and discursive analysis focuses on the manner in which discursive resources are employed to achieve action in interaction. Discursive psychologists view the material context as well as embodiment as important contributors to the construction of action. These aspects are particularly relevant in a Ropes course context where physical activity is prominent. A theory of action in interaction proposed by Charles Goodwin informs the current exploration of the contribution of embodiment and materiality to the organisation of action. / Dissertation (MA (Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Psychology / unrestricted