Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-04-18T13:46:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jessica Morais da Silva.pdf: 1089549 bytes, checksum: d1e717e2066bd3fd9f3853ff0b4f184e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T13:46:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jessica Morais da Silva.pdf: 1089549 bytes, checksum: d1e717e2066bd3fd9f3853ff0b4f184e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / The cowpea is a major source of income in the North/Northeast of Brazil. But the same can be affected by a wide range of plant pathogens can damage production and productivity. Currently it is common to use resistance inducers as a means to combat the pathogens attack. This work aimed to evaluate resistance inducers, as well as the biochemical mechanisms in controlling anthracnose of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). We conducted an antagonistic test with various strains of Trichoderma URM front of Colletotrichum lidemuthianum URM3149, the greenhouse was applied four abiotic inducers (salicylic acid, chitosan, amino butyric acid, acibenzolar-S-methyl) and biotic (Trichoderma) in cowpea plants. The severity of the disease, as well as enzymatic activities performed leaves was evaluated (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, β-1,3-glucanase and protease). Trichoderma aureorivide URM5158 showed a high rate of antagonism as well as the activity of chitinase was high. Among all the inductors in the end of the experiment only acibenzolar-S-methyl severity showed high rate and did not differ from control. Salicylic acid stood out among the abiotic inducers and T. aureorivide URM5158. The Trichoderma aureoviride URM5158 species has the potential antagonistic to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum URM3149; show potential inducers against severity of bean anthracnose. / O feijão caupi é uma das principais fontes de renda do Norte/Nordeste. Porém o mesmo pode ser afetado por uma diversidade de fitopatógenos podendo prejudicar na produção e produtividade. Atualmente, é comum o uso de indutores de resistência como meio de combater esse ataque de micro-organismos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar indutores de resistência, assim como os mecanismos bioquímicos no controle da antracnose do feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.). Foi realizado um teste antagônico com diversas espécies de Trichoderma URM frente ao Colletotrichum lidemuthianum URM3149. Em casa de vegetação foi aplicado quatro indutores abióticos (ácido salicílico, quitosana, ácido amino butírico, acibenzolar-S-metil) e um biótico (Trichoderma) em plantas de feijão caupi. Foi avaliado a severidade da doença, assim como também realizado atividades enzimáticas das folhas (catalase, peroxidase, polifenoloxidase, β-1,3-glucanase e protease). Trichoderma aureorivide URM5158 apresentou uma alta taxa de antagonismo assim como a atividade da quitinase foi elevada, sendo este selecionado para os testes in vivo. Entre os indutores avaliados apenas o acibenzolar-S-metil apresentou alta taxa de severidade não diferindo do controle. O ácido salicílico se destacou entre os indutores abióticos, assim como T. aureorivide URM5158. A espécie Trichoderma aureoviride URM5158 apresenta potencial antagônico ao Colletotrichum lindemuthianum URM3149; os indutores mostram potencial contra a severidade da antracnose do feijão.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T10:46:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Suya Samara Moreira - 2014.pdf: 2393381 bytes, checksum: d33b03a55460f56088ea55108e33f916 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-01-30T12:57:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Suya Samara Moreira - 2014.pdf: 2393381 bytes, checksum: d33b03a55460f56088ea55108e33f916 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-30T12:57:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Suya Samara Moreira - 2014.pdf: 2393381 bytes, checksum: d33b03a55460f56088ea55108e33f916 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fungi of the genus Trichodermaspp. can be used as biological control agents and also as inducer of growth in different plants. Its action is based on different mechanisms such as the production of secondary metabolites, competition for space and nutrients, production of hydrolytic enzymes and signaling molecules. However, only a few works were made about morphological and anatomical aspects of the interaction between Trichodermaspp. and plants. This project aims to watch and determine the effects of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum(ALL42 and T22) and Trichoderma asperellum(T34) strains in morphological and anatomical aspects of the bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Morphological parameters as size of the root, root volume, dry mass and leaf area were analyzed, and some anatomical parameters like quantitative analysis of mesophile thickness leaf epidermis in stages V2, V4, R5, R7and R8, and the alteration of the structural characteristics of the root in stages V2, V4 and R5. The treatments were performed in seeds free from inoculation with Trichodermaspp. (control) and seeds treated with Trichodermaspp. T 22, ALL42 and T34 with three replicates each, totaling twelve treatments for stage analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA analysis of variance and separation of means test. The obtained data suggest that changes occurred inthe biomass of the dried plant, leaf area, length and volume of the root in most of the analyzed stages. However, in thickness of mesophyle analyse, significant differences was found only in stages V4 and R7. It was observed that the treated samples showed a greater Trichodermaspp. secondary cylinder vascular growth of roots, mainly in V4 stage. Was observed in R5 stage a further development of secondary xylem in the vascular cylinder of roots when treated with Trichodermaspp.. These data suggest that the fungus accelerates the development in P. vulgarisL. roots. Among the parameters analyzed, isolates of T. harzianum(ALL42 and T22) was those who shows a bigger difference when compared with the control. / Fungos do gênero Trichodermaspp. são utilizados como agentes de controle biológico e indutores de crescimento em plantas. A sua ação é baseada em mecanismos como a produção de metabólitos secundários, competição por espaço e nutrientes, produção de enzimas hidrolíticas e metabólitos análogos a fitormônios. Entretanto, poucos estudos foram realizados sobre os aspectos morfológicos e anatômicos da interação entre Trichodermaspp. e plantas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da inoculação de dois isolados de Trichoderma harzianum (ALL42 e T22) e um Trichoderma asperellum(T34) em aspectos morfológicos e anatômicos do feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgarisL.). Foram analisados variáveis como comprimento da raiz, volume da raiz, massa seca e área foliar, e anatômicos como análise quantitativa da espessura do mesofilo e da epiderme da folha nos estágios V2, V4, R5, R7 e R8, e mudanças nas características estruturais da raiz nos estágios V2, V4 e R5. Os tratamentos realizados foram com sementes sem inoculação do Trichoderma spp. (controle) e sementes tratadas com isolados de Trichodermaspp. T 22, ALL42 e T34 com três repetições cada, somando doze tratamentos por estágio analisado. A análise estatística ocorreu pela análise de variância ANOVA e teste de separação das médias. Os dados mostram que ocorreram alterações na biomassa da planta seca, área foliar, comprimento e volume da raiz na maioria dos estágios analisados. Entretanto, em relação à espessura do mesofilo foram encontradas diferenças significativas apenas nos estágios V4 e R7. Foi observado que as plantas tratadas com Trichodermaspp. apresentaram um maior crescimento secundário do cilindro vascular das raízes, principalmente no estágio V4. Foi observado no estágio R5 um maior desenvolvimentodo xilema secundário no cilindro vascular das raízes, quando tratado com Trichodermaspp.. Estes dados mostram que a presença do fungo acelera o desenvolvimento de raízes em P. vulgaris. Dentre os parâmetros analisados, os isolados de T. harzianum(ALL42 e T22) foram os que apresentaram uma maior diferença quando comparados com o controle

Le striatum est composé principalement de neurones épineux de taille moyenne, subdivisés en neurones striatopallidaux et striatonigraux en fonction de leurs projections et de leur expression en récepteurs et neuropeptides. Ces deux populations neuronales sont respectivement à l’origine des voies indirecte (ou inhibitrice) et directe (ou activatrice) des noyaux de la base, présentant des effets opposés à la fois au niveau moteur et motivationnel. Ces deux voies sont également différemment affectées dans différentes pathologies des noyaux de la base, telles que les maladies de Huntington et de Parkinson et les addictions. Les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de régulation des neurones STP et STN ne sont cependant pas encore pleinement compris. Dès lors, l’identification et l’étude de la fonction de gènes spécifiques de l’une ou l’autre de ces sous-populations pourraient constituer une étape importante vers une meilleure compréhension de leur fonctionnement. Dans cette optique, notre laboratoire a précédemment réalisé une étude comparative des profils d’expression de chacune des sous-populations striatales par microarray. Parmi les gènes potentiellement inégalement exprimés dans les neurones STP et STN, nous avons identifié GPRIN3, un membre de la famille G Protein-Regulated Inducer of Neurite outgrowth (GPRIN), comme étant une cible intéressante. Cette famille, bien qu’encore très peu caractérisée, interagit en effet avec les sous-unités Gαi/o des protéines G et joue par conséquent un rôle régulateur sur la fonction et la voie de signalisation de certains GPCRs, tels que le récepteur μ opioïde. De plus, contrairement aux autres membres de la famille GPRIN, nos résultats de microarray suggèrent également un niveau d’expression élevé de GPRIN3 dans les neurones striataux chez l’adulte. Etant donné le rôle crucial des GPCRs au niveau du striatum et plus particulièrement dans le comportement différentiel des neurones STP et STN, GPRIN3 pourrait dès lors constituer un élément important dans le fonctionnement des neurones striataux. Ce travail s'est par conséquent axé sur l’élucidation du rôle de GPRIN3 dans les fonctions striatales. Dans ce but, nous avons dans un premier temps établi le profil d'expression de GPRIN3 chez la souris, au niveau du cerveau adulte et lors de l'embryogénèse. Ceci nous a permis de confirmer, chez l'adulte, l'expression majoritairement striatale de GPRIN3, et l'expression préférentielle dans les neurones STP. Nous avons également généré différents vecteurs d'expression de la protéine GPRIN3 et établi sa localisation subcellulaire en lignée HEK293T. La génération et la caractérisation d'un modèle d'invalidation constitutive ainsi que d'un modèle de répression par interférence ARN ont par la suite mis en évidence une implication, directe ou indirecte, de GPRIN3 dans la régulation fine de la signalisation du D2R. En effet, nous avons montré une modification des comportements liés à la motivation et à la réponse à la cocaïne ainsi qu’une altération de l’état de phosphorylation de DARPP32 et de la réponse à l’halopéridol dans le modèle d’invalidation constitutive. De plus, la réponse au quinpirole est également modifiée dans les deux modèles testés. Pris dans leur ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent dès lors une altération de la voie de signalisation du D2R en l’absence de GPRIN3 fonctionnel. En outre, les neurones STP dépourvus de GPRIN3 fonctionnel présentent des modifications de leur morphologie et de leurs propriétés électrophysiologiques. En conclusion, ce travail de thèse a permis d’apporter les premières pistes quant à la fonction de GPRIN3, une protéine totalement méconnue, dans le striatum, de par la création de modèles d’invalidation constitutive et de répression Cre-dépendante de cette protéine. Divers outils moléculaires ont également été générés et pourront être utilisés dans la suite de la caractérisation des fonctions de GPRIN3. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

A T helper cell clone, referred to as clone 9, was derived from an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture. Clone 9, as well as supernatant factor(s) derived from it, could help the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses of H-2 Db (Db) responder cells to alloantigens, or they could help the CTL responses of non- Db responder cells to Db alloantigens. Clone 9 cells or their factor(s) were active only when added during the first 24 hours of a five-day culture period. Clone 9 or its factor(s) could also synergize with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-containing medium in mounting cytotoxic responses to alloantigens. The helper activity in clone 9 supernatant was not due to IL-2 and it was specifically absorbed out by Db -spleen cells. The characterization of the Db -specific helper factor(ASHF) was facilitated by the isolation of a T hybridoma clone (clone 25), obtained from fusion of clone 9 cells with the T cell lymphoma, BW5147, and a B cell hybridoma that produced an IgM monoclonal antibody (clone 30 IgM) which bound ASHF. An additional monoclonal antibody (F23.1), which recognizes a determinant of the Vβ8 family of the T cell receptor, was also particularly useful for the characterization of ASHF. Analysis with these reagents showed that both clone 30 IgM and F23.1 immunoadsorbents could retain ASHF activity. Preabsorption of the ASHF with Db spleen cells prior to affinity purification over a clone 30 IgM column resulted in the absorption of Db-specific helper activity as well as the loss of a 50,000 molecular weight (MW) band on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. Furthermore, affinity purification of ASHF over the F23.1 immunoadsorbent, but not an irrelevant monoclonal antibody (mAb) column, also yielded a 50,000 MW molecule. Taken together, these findings suggest that the 50,000 MW molecule is a component of the ASHF and it is intimately related to the B chain of the T-cell receptor. The mode of action of clone 9 and its products in the induction bfCTL responses was also investigated. It was found that clone 9 and ASHF could help CTL responses by inducing IL-2 production in B6-stimulated cultures. In addition to ASHF, clone 9 cells also produced an additional factor(s) which participated in the induction of CTL responses. This additional factor(s) was referred to as IL-X. IL-X synergized with excess human recombinant IL-2 in the activation of CTL precursors (CTL-P) in the absence of antigenic stimulation. A model which involves the participation of ASHF, T helper cells, IL-2 and IL-X in the induction of CTL responses is proposed. / Science, Faculty of / Microbiology and Immunology, Department of / Graduate

Legionella pneumophila est une bactérie intracellulaire facultative retrouvée aussi bien dans les environnements aqueux naturels qu'artificiels. Cette bactérie est l'agent de la légionellose, une pneumopathie sévère. Les milieux aqueux sont colonisés par des biofilms, une association de micro-organismes enveloppés d'une matrice exopolymérique. Les légionelles sont capables de coloniser et de survivre au sein de ces biofilms. Dans les réseaux d'eaux, les biofilms sont la cible de la prédation des amibes qui se retrouvent ensuite parasités par les légionelles et favorisent ainsi leur multiplication. Nous avons étudié l'impact de l'origine de la multiplication des légionelles sur la colonisation et la formation de biofilms. Notre étude a démontré que dans tous les cas les légionelles sont présentes à la surface de biofilms préformés. Notre étude a mis en évidence que les légionelles issues de la multiplication au sein d'amibes sont capables de former des agrégats compacts empaquetés dans une matrice exopolysaccharidique. Ce phénotype « biofilm » se manifeste après induction par une molécule amibienne en cours de caractérisation. De plus, notre étude a mis en évidence l'existence d'un nouveau système de communication de type Quorum Sensing permettant une communication inter et intra-espèce qui permet l'induction de ce phénotype chez les légionelles. / Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium colonizing freshwater as well as artificial environments. This bacterium is the agent of Legionnaires' disease, a severe pneumonia. Water network are colonized by biofilms, an association of microorganisms embedded in exopolymeric matrix. Legionella are able to colonize and survive within biofilms which are the major source of human infection. In water systems, biofilms are the target of amoeba predation that can be parasitized by Legionella. Amoebae are the major multiplication site of Legionella in the environment.We studied the impact of multiplication origin on colonization and biofilm formation by Legionella. Our study demonstrated that Legionella whatever their origins are present at the surface of pre-formed biofilms. Our study showed that Legionella issued from multiplication within amoebae are able to form compact aggregates packed in an exopolysaccharidic matrix. This "biofilm" phenotype occurs after induction by an amoebic molecule that has to be characterized. In addition, our study revealed the existence of a new QS system for inter and intra-species communication that allows the induction of this biofilm phenotype to other Legionella.

The main objective of the thesis is to verify the hydraulic inducer designs and to determine its effect on the cavitation characteristics of the pump. To increase the suction capability and cavitation resistance, the inducer is placed in front of the impeller centrifugal pump. Its role is to protect the impeller against the cavitation. The literary part of the thesis analyzes the issue of cavitation, its origin, development and termination of the cavitation bubble with so-called implosion. Special attention is devoted to describtion of cavitation effect occuring at the hydrodynamic pumps. In the theoretical part, the author is then dealing with the general principles and so far used approaches to the inducer design. The practical part of the thesis describes the process and the derivation of own designs of cylindrical inducer. The aim of the used, unconventional approaches to the inducer design is to achieve a constant pressure field and specific energy of the inducer design output. Partial variants of inducer blades design geometry are tested by the controlled calculation with CFD.

Inducer performance is investigated for a variety of inducer geometries operating at multiple flow conditions using computational fluid dynamics. Inducers are used as a first stage in turbopumps to minimize cavitation and allow the pump to operate at lower inlet head conditions. The formation of inlet flow recirculation or backflow in the inducer occurs at low flow conditions and can lead to instabilities and cavitation-induced head breakdown. Backflow formation is often attributed to tip leakage flow. The performance of an inducer with and without tip clearance is examined. Removing the tip clearance eliminates tip leakage flow; however, backflow is still observed. Analysis suggests that blade inlet diffusion, not tip leakage flow, is the fundamental mechanism leading to the formation of backflow. Performance improvements in turbopump systems pumping cold water have been obtained through implementation of a recirculation channel called a stability control device (SCD). However, many inducers actually pump cryogenic fluids, such as liquid hydrogen. To determine the real world effects of SCD implementation, inducer performance at on and off design flow coefficients with and without an SCD were modeled with liquid hydrogen as the working fluid. Relevant thermodynamic effects present in liquid hydrogen at cryogenic temperatures are considered. The results reveal that the SCD yields marginal changes in the head coefficient. However, a stabilizing effect occurs at all considered flow coefficients, where a reduction in backflow occurs over much of the pump operational range. This occurs due to the SCD maintaining consistent, low incidence angles at the inducer leading edge.The final consideration of this work is the acceleration of an inducer from rest to the operating rotational rate. Rapid acceleration of rocket engine turbopumps during start-up imparts significant transient effects to the resulting flow field, causing pump performance to vary widely when compared to quasi-steady operation. A method to simulate turbopump start-up using CFD is developed and presented. The defined outlet pressure is modified based on the difference between simulation inlet pressure and target inlet pressure of a previous simulation. This process is repeated until simulation inlet pressure is essentially constant during start-up. Using this novel simulation method, the performance of a centrifugal turbopump during start-up is simulated. Analysis suggests this simulation method provides a reasonable prediction of cavitation formation and inducer performance.

B cells get help in the antibody response by presenting processed antigen to helper T cells. We asked whether the antigen presenting B cell must induce T helper functions before receiving help, or whether B cell activation is a direct consequence of T cell antigen recognition on the B cell surface. Although antigen-dependent increases in B cell c-myc expression occur as early as two hours after conjugation, the B cell response depends on induction of a contact-dependent helper function in the T cell, which is inhibitable by cyclosporin A. Induction but not delivery of contact help is blocked by anti-class II MHC antibody, indicating that the delivery of T cell help is not Ag dependent or MHC restricted. Also, contact with activated helper T cells induces a different pattern of immediate early gene expression from signals transduced through the B cell antigen receptor. Egr-1 is rapidly upregulated in response to mitogenic signals induced by receptor crosslinking on murine B lymphocytes, and its expression closely correlates with B cell proliferation in several models of B cell activation and tolerance. We compared egr-1 expression during B cell stimulation with Fab'2 and IgG anti-Ig, since it is known that Fab'2 anti-Ig is mitogenic while IgG is not, due to a dominant inhibitory effect of crosslinking the B cell FcγRII to membrane Ig. While mitogenic doses of Fab'2 anti-Ig induce large and rapid increases in egr-1 expression, intact anti-Ig results in only small increases in egr-1 mRNA, comparable to that seen with submitogenic concentrations of Fab'2 anti-Ig. However, when IL-4 is added as a comitogen to induce B cell proliferation with submitogenic concentrations of Fab'2 anti-Ig or IgG anti-Ig, no concomitant increases in egr-1 are observed. The regulation of egr-1 therefore, is similar to that of c-myc in this system, since neither correlates with IL-4 induced DNA synthesis.

No description available.

Rocket pump inducers are studied with a Navier-Stokes solver, the Moore Elliptic Flow Program, MEFP. Two redesigns of the Rocketdyne ADP inducer are performed. The first redesign changes the hub-tip ratio from 0.3 to 0.4. The second redesign influences the leading edge tip region. This part of the blade is rounded off in a meridional view, resulting in an increased sweep angle over the outer 30 percent of the blade height. Inlet recirculation and cavitation performance are the main concern of this thesis. The literature review focuses on these two areas and on previously performed inducer calculations. The calculation grid of the original design was altered for the two redesigns using a C-program. Then the new designs were investigated at three different flow rates: 110%, 100%, and 89%. Computational results were available at the same flow rates for the original design. The comparison of the results showed that the performed design changes did not significantly influence the recirculation performance. In fact for the redesign with the rounded-off leading edge the backflow increased. The cavitation performance showed some interesting changes. For both redesigns the minimum pressure was raised significantly. The case of the rounded-off leading edge showed an increase in minimum pressure at the leading edge and a decrease of minimum pressure over the rest of the leading edge height, thus resulting in probably better cavitation performance. A theory was presented that gives a possible explanation for the occurrence of inlet recirculation. The calculation results for the design changes of the Rocketdyne inducer are consistent with the theory, but the theory does not correctly predict the different recirculation performance of an SEP inducer. / Master of Science