Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-08-26T00:10:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoThormann.pdf: 10593623 bytes, checksum: a6548805cfc818c5cbb6894e35e01198 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T00:10:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoThormann.pdf: 10593623 bytes, checksum: a6548805cfc818c5cbb6894e35e01198 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Nenhuma / Nas empresas, o processo de tomada de decisão é complexo. Vários são os critérios que podem ser utilizados para a escolha entre as diferentes alternativas consideradas, o que exige a aplicação de metodologias que permitam ao decisor ponderar os diferentes critérios usados na tomada de decisão. Diante desse cenário, torna-se essencial a construção de métodos de apoio à tomada de decisão. O objetivo do estudo consistiu em responder quais são e como são tratadas as variáveis consideradas relevantes pelas empresas para utilização do apoio multicriterial para a avaliação de projetos de investimentos industriais no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foi apresentada a Política Industrial do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o Modelo de Desenvolvimento Industrial e o Plano de Implantação da Política Industrial, que serviram como base para o estudo de múltiplos casos. Nesta pesquisa, foram selecionadas seis empresas pertencentes a diferentes setores econômicos. De modo a oportunizar a utilização de diferentes fontes de evidência e assim permitir a triangulação dos dados coletados, foram selecionados informantes-chave na Secretaria de Desenvolvimento e Promoção do Investimento e na Agencia Gaúcha de Desenvolvimento e Promoção do Investimento. Para a coleta de dados, optou-se por realizar entrevistas pessoais em profundidade com os profissionais indicados pelas instituições. Os dados obtidos foram tratados com o uso da técnica da análise de conteúdo. Verificou-se que, de uma maneira geral, os fatores determinantes considerados como os mais relevantes na avaliação de projetos de investimentos industriais são variáveis e distintos, tendo como pano de fundo os diversos setores da economia. Destaca-se que cada empresa utiliza critérios próprios para hierarquização dos fatores determinantes mais relevantes e que a maior parte delas ainda não faz uso de métodos de Apoio Multicritério à Decisão. Entretanto, todas as companhias entrevistadas informaram continuar tomando como base para a tomada de decisão as tradicionais metodologias de avaliação econômico-financeira de projetos de investimento. / In companies, the process of decision making is complex. There are several criteria that can be used to choose between different alternatives considered, which requires the application of methodologies that allow the decision maker to ponder the different criteria used in decision making. Given this scenario, it becomes essential to build methods to support decision making. The aim of the study was to answer what they are and how they are treated the variables considered relevant by the companies for use to a multicriteria decision support in the evaluation of industrial investment projects in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For that matter, was presented the Industrial Policy of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, the Model for Industrial Development and the Plan of Implementation of the Industrial Policy. In this research, were selected six companies belonging to different economic sectors. In order to give the opportunity to use different sources of evidence and thus allow the triangulation of data collected, Key informants were selected at the State Department of Development and Investment Promotion and at the State Agency of Development and Investment Promotion. For data collection, it was decided to conduct in-depth personal interviews with the professionals listed by the institutions. The obtained data were processed using the technique of content analysis. It was found that, generally, the determinant factors considered most relevant in the evaluation of industrial investment projects are variable and distinct, having as a backdrop the various sectors of the economy. Stands out that each company uses its own criteria for ranking the most relevant factors and that most of them still does not use methods of multicriteria decision support. However, all companies interviewed reported continue taking as a basis for decision making the traditional methods of economic and financial evaluation of investment projects.

La thèse a pour but d’étudier la possibilité et la faisabilité économique de démarches de diversification des produits et d’amélioration des caractéristiques qualitatives des aliments par les entreprises, dans un contexte dans lequel ces modifications sont soumises à des contraintes techniques induisent des coûts non négligeables, non nécessairement valorisés par le marché. Dans ce cadre, nous cherchons à comprendre dans quelle mesure il est possible pour les autorités publiques d’intervenir pour inciter les entreprises à consentir des efforts suffisants (en termes d’investissement en amont) de façon à favoriser la mise en marché de produits conformes à la qualité voulue par la société. Nous avons appliqué ces perspectives de recherches à deux problématiques sociétales importantes et d’actualité, à savoir la coexistence des filières OGM et non OGM et la question de la santé et de la nutrition à travers l’enjeu de l’entrée de gammes de produits plus acceptables d’un point de vue nutritionnel (moins de sucre, de gras, …). Ces problématiques qui occupent les deux parties de la thèse sont élaborées en mobilisant des outils de la Théorie de l’Organisation Industrielle. Les résultats montrent que les choix spontanés de gammes de produits par les firmes ne sont pas toujours socialement satisfaisant, ce qui implique dans certaines conditions une intervention publique. Dans le cas de la coexistence OGM/non-OGM, le produit non-OGM peut ne pas avoir la caractéristique souhaitée en absence de régulation. Pour ce qui est des enjeux nutritionnels, les firmes présentes sur le marché n’offrent pas systématiquement des aliments favorables sur le plan de la santé en l’absence d’intervention publique. La thèse aboutit à la conclusion générale qu’il est souvent nécessaire de combiner plusieurs instruments publics. Dans le cas de la coexistence OGM/non-OGM, les pouvoirs publics peuvent gérer de manière efficace la coexistence en agissant simultanément sur le seuil d’étiquetage, les conditions de réalisation des tests et contrôles et le niveau de la pénalité. Dans le cas de la question nutritionnelle, l’intervention par le biais d’une subvention à la R&D présente certaines faiblesses telles que le risque d’instrumentalisation de la subvention par la firme ou induit des distorsions au détriment de la santé publique. Ceci suggère de combiner la subvention à la R&D avec un autre instrument tel que la taxation. / Our research aims at analyzing the economic feasibility of approaches for product diversification and quality characteristics improvement by firms, in a context where these modifications are subject to technical constraints that induce high costs not necessarily valued by the market. In this context, we try to understand how it is possible for public authorities to intervene in order to encourage firms to make sufficient efforts (in terms of upstream investment) and facilitate the marketing of products in response to the needs of society. We apply these research perspectives to two important issues, namely the GM/non-GM coexistence and the health and nutrition issue through the development of product lines which are more acceptable from a nutritional point of view (for example, less sugar, fat, salt…). These two research issues are developed by mobilizing the tools of the Theory of Industrial Organization. The results show that the spontaneous choice of product lines by firms is not always socially satisfactory, which implies that in certain conditions, public intervention is desirable. In the case of GM/non-GM coexistence, non-GM products may not have the desired characteristics in the absence of regulation. In terms of health issues, companies in the market do not offer high nutritional value foods in the absence of public intervention. Overall, this thesis concludes that it is often necessary to combine several public instruments. In the first study, we show that the public authorities can effectively manage the GM/non-GM coexistence by acting simultaneously through the labelling threshold definition, the quality tests and controls, and the level of the penalty cost in case of non compliance. In the second study, we show that an intervention through Research and Development (R&D) subsidies has some weaknesses such as the risk of manipulation of the grant by firms, or the possibility of triggering distortions to the detriment of public health. This suggests combining the R&D subsidies with another instrument such as taxation