Lawrence S. Bacow. / Includes index. / Bibliography: p. [150]-154.

O homem passa a maior parte de seu tempo dentro de seu ambiente de trabalho, realizando suas atividades habituais inerentes da sua função. Desta forma, este trabalhador pode estar exposto a uma série de riscos, que são próprios destes locais de trabalho. Estes riscos podem ser avaliados e prevenidos através de uma minuciosa avaliação ambiental dentro dos locais de trabalho. Ocorre que dentro do serviço público federal, ao contrário do que ocorre na esfera privada, onde existe determinação legal par a realização destas avaliações a preocupação maior é com a confecção de laudos individuais de adicionais ocupacionais. Não há uma política prevencionista que abrangeria a avaliação de riscos ambientais a fim de controlar a exposição do trabalhador a estes ricos. Esta ideia de mudança na política pode ser encarada como empreendedorismo, muito embora este seja um conceito mais relacionado com a esfera privada, mas também podendo ser utilizado dentro do setor público. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma mudança na política de planejamento de segurança do trabalho, a partir da introdução da avaliação de riscos dos ambientes de trabalho nos serviços públicos federais como uma abordagem sobre uma IES do estado do Paraná. Para isso, foi realizada uma ampla visão bibliográfica sobre o tema para um posterior estudo comparativo com a situação existente na IES avaliada. A Conclusão a que se chegou foi que a avaliação ambiental deve ser encarada como uma política de segurança do trabalho, sendo uma ideia empreendedora dentro do serviço público federal. / Introduction: The man spends most of hist time inside his workplace, performing the usual activities inherent to his resposibilities. Consequently, workers may be exposed to a number of risks that are part of these workplaces. These risks can be assessed and eliminated by a thorough environmental assessment within the workplace. This occurs within the federal public service, contrary to what occurs in the private sphere, where there is a legal determination to carry out these assessements. However, in this case the major concern is with the preparation of individual reports of additional occupational risks in order to control the worker exposure. This Idea of change in policy can be seen as an entrepreneurial action, and even if it is a concept more related to the private sphere, it also can be applied within the public sector. Objective: to propose a change in policy of planning for work safety, from the introduction of risk assessment of the work environment in the federal public service with an approach on a university in the state of Paraná. Methodology: Conducted and extensive literature review on the topic for further comparative study with the existing situation in the IES evaluated. Conclusion: The environmental assessment should be seen as a policy of a job security, as an entrepreneurial ideia within the federal public service.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-10-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:24:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_am_dr_rcla.pdf: 9682673 bytes, checksum: ec90fd2dcb13a1fc1e89599cd0478b6c (MD5) / Convenio Ifpi / A dimensão territorial, a geração, a distribuição e uso de conhecimento passaram a ter um papel relevante na competitividade das empresas e no desenvolvimento regional/local, tendo-se presente que as vantagens competitivas associadas aos Arranjos Produtivos Locais, nos países menos desenvolvidos, despertaram maior interesse a partir da década de 1990. Nessa perspectiva, que abrange a multiplicidade de agentes e sua interação, com destaque ao ambiente local, estão inseridas as questões econômicas, socioculturais e ambientais que constituem aspectos fundamentais nas análises sobre a temática dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais. Não obstante isso, não pode ser desprezada ou negligenciada a questão da saúde e da segurança do trabalhador, principalmente se a atividade produtiva a ser estudada usa intensamente os recursos humanos, uma vez que a melhoria das condições de salubridade e Segurança do Trabalhador deve ser preservada com uma legislação pertinente. Assim, esta pesquisa objetiva analisar a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores do barro do Arranjo Produtivo Local nos bairros Olarias e Poty Velho. Para isso, verifica as dinâmicas produtivas e inovativas, as especificidades desses Arranjos, os processos de interação/cooperação e os mecanismos de aprendizagem interativa e as relações trabalhistas. A pesquisa realizada configurou-se do tipo Survey, de cunho exploratório e descritivo. O instrumento utilizado para o levantamento das informações foi 02 (dois) questionários direcionados para os empresários e trabalhadores. Todas as entrevistas foram realizadas diretamente com empresários de artesanato de barro e trabalhadores do barro. No presente estudo, verificou-se que a competitividade e a sustentabilidade do artesanato de barro, atividade que contempla os setores primário... / The territorial dimension, the distribution and the use of knowledge has had an important role in the enterprise competitiveness and in the regional/local development, taking into account that the competitive advantages associated to the Local Productive Arrangements, in the less developed countries, has caused interest from the 1990s. Concerning this, this accounts for the multiplicity of the agents and their interaction, mainly the local environment, economic, socio cultural and environmental aspects are included, once they are essential for the analysis of the Local Productive Arrangement theme. However, it can not be neglected aspects concerning the worker safety and health, mainly if the productive activity to be studied makes use of human resources, because the improvement on the worker’s salubrity and safety conditions must be preserved with proper legislation. So, this research aims at analyzing the worker safety and health of the Local Productive Arrangement with clay in Olarias and Poty Velho districts. So, it verifies the productive and innovative dynamic, such arrangement specificities, the interaction/cooperation processes and the interactive learning mechanisms and labor relations. It is a survey with an exploratory descriptive approach. 02 (two) questionnaires with the entrepreneurs and workers were made to collect information. All interviews were made with the clay handicraft entrepreneurs and clay workers themselves. It was verified that competitiveness and sustainability of the clay handicraft, activity which contemplates the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, depend on the clay worker and the environment preservation. It can be said the articulation of the strategies and actions of the Local Productive Arrangement with the public politics, the sectors of methodologies management and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Este estudo busca conhecer a percepção dos riscos ocupacionais pelos fumicultores das comunidades de Itaiba (Marmeleiro) e Volta Grande (Irati), visto que, o processo saúde-doença do trabalhador pode ser afetado pelos riscos a que está exposto, estes por vezes decorrentes de seu ambiente laboral. De acordo com a Norma Regulamentadora nº 9 do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego os riscos ocupacionais afetam a saúde do trabalhador, expondo-o a acidentes de trabalho e ao adoecimento. O objeto deste estudo é o fumicultor, que neste estudo foi percebido como um trabalhador rural diferenciado no contexto da agricultura familiar brasileira por se encontrar numa relação de total dependência com a Indústria do Tabaco, além da vulnerabilidade social e econômica desses agricultores frente ao cenário mundial de políticas que visam reduzir a demanda por tabaco enquanto o Brasil permanece como líder mundial em exportação e o segundo maior produtor de tabaco. Para compreender o contexto da percepção do fumicultor sobre os riscos relacionados ao seu trabalho se optou pela pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Assim a presente pesquisa procurou descobrir quais riscos são percebidos pelos fumicultores nos diferentes sistemas produtivos de tabaco tipo Burley e Virgínea. Ao analisar os discursos dos agricultores constatou-se que o risco é percebido, porém nem sempre relacionado ao trabalho. Os fatos são relatados de forma isolada, sem a reflexão sobre a sua origem e causalidade, os riscos e sintomas são geralmente atribuídos a tarefas isoladas do seu cotidiano ou a fatores biológicos. Os agricultores demonstraram maior percepção do risco relacionado ao uso de agrotóxico e foram relatados sintomas relacionados a intoxicação por nicotina. Os riscos físicos, ergonômicos, mecânicos, biológicos e de organização do trabalho são também relatados, porém, nem sempre percebidos e correlacionados ao trabalho. A falta de ações de saúde e notificações relacionadas às intoxicações relatadas é percebida nos discursos e demonstram a necessidade de uma atenção à saúde dos fumicultores que, devido as suas especificidades de condições de vida, dispersão e heterogeneidade, requerem ações de fiscalização das condições e do ambiente de trabalho e a vigilância em saúde. / This study aims to understand the perception of occupational risks for tobacco farmers from the communities of Itaiba (Marmeleiro) and Volta Grande (Irati), since the disease process can be affected by the risks they are exposed to, sometimes it increases due to their work environment. According to the law of the Ministry of Labour and Employment the occupational risks hazards the health of the workers, exposing them to occupational accidents and illnesses. The object of this study is the tobacco producer that in this paper was known as an agricultural worker differentiated in the context of family farming because he is considered in a total independency on the Tobacco Industry, besides that, he is also social and economic vulnerable to the world stage policies which aims reducing the demanding for tobacco while Brazil remains on the top of the world leaders in exportation and the second largest tobacco producer. To understand the context of the perception of tobacco farmers on the risks related to their work was chosen by descriptive qualitative approaching. So the present study sought to find out which risks are perceived by growers in different production systems like Burley and virginea. After analyzing the questionnaire of the farmers was realized that the risk is perceived, but not always related to work. The facts are reported in an isolated way, without giving special attention to its origin and causes, the risks and symptoms are usually attributed to isolated tasks of everyday life or biological factors. Farmers showed a higher perception of risk related to the use of pesticides and was diagnosed symptoms related to nicotine poisoning. Physical hazards, ergonomic, mechanical, biological and organizational of work are also reported, however, not always perceived and related to work. The lack of health actions and notifications related to poisoning is perceived in discourse and demonstrate the need for health care to producers that because of their specific living conditions, dispersion and heterogeneity require enforcement actions and conditions work environment and health surveillance.

A segurança do trabalho é tema crucial para o desenvolvimento da construção civil devido à necessidade de garantir a saúde laboral dos trabalhadores, a que se faz por intermédio de normas legislativas e de gestão de produção. Dessa forma, entre diversas normas correlatas, foi promulgada a NR-18, com o intuito de assegurar ao trabalhador condições mínimas ao desenvolvimento do trabalho. Apesar das evoluções legislativas sobre o tema, estas se tornaram ineficazes frente ao número excessivo de acidentes ocorridos no setor da construção civil, trazendo à empresa maiores responsabilidades ao assegurar a saúde e segurança de seus trabalhadores. Em vista dessa necessidade de melhoria do ambiente de trabalho em um aspecto geral, tanto com fins de garantir a obediência legal quanto para maior conforto dos trabalhadores e qualidade da organização, o Sistema de Gestão da Saúde e Segurança do Trabalho (SGSST) se demonstra um instrumento válido à evolução da gestão das empresas, bem como a OHSAS 18001 que se propõe a garantir a eficiência e integração de um sistema voltado à segurança e saúde do trabalho por meios de implementos e adaptações deste, a fim de trazer melhorias significativas às condições do ambiente de trabalho, especialmente na forma de uma nova cultura a ser adotada pela empresa. Abordando a problemática, o presente trabalho tem por finalidade desenvolver um sistema de gestão por meio da OHSAS 18001 que seja compatível com os termos da NR-18, pois é nesta integração entre o SGSST ao Sistema de Gestão da empresa como uma prática usual desta que se tem em vista um beneficiamento da segurança do trabalho no ramo de Edificações na percepção da necessidade de um comprometimento da alta administração e a incorporação de metas e SST às metas organizacionais. / The job security issue is crucial for the development of construction due to the need to ensure the health of workers, which is done by means of laws and production management. Thus, among various other laws, was enacted NR-18, in order to ensure the worker's minimum conditions for the development work. Despite legislative developments on the subject, they have become ineffective against the excessive number of accidents in the construction industry, bringing the company to greater in ensuring the health and safety of its workers. In view of this need for improvement of working environment in a general appearance, both for purposes of ensuring the law obedience as comfort for workers and quality of the organization, the System Health Management and Safety (OHSMS) is a valid tool demonstrates the evolution of business management, as well as OHSAS 18001 which proposes to ensure the efficiency and integration of a system geared to safety and health at work by means of implements and adaptations of it, in order to bring significant improvements to conditions of work, especially in the form of a new culture to be adopted by the company. Addressing the problem, this paper aims to develop a management system by OHSAS 18001 which is consistent with the terms of NR-18 as it is this integration of OHSMS Management System of the company as a usual practice of that aims at an improvement of work safety in the business of Buildings.

A segurança do trabalho é tema crucial para o desenvolvimento da construção civil devido à necessidade de garantir a saúde laboral dos trabalhadores, a que se faz por intermédio de normas legislativas e de gestão de produção. Dessa forma, entre diversas normas correlatas, foi promulgada a NR-18, com o intuito de assegurar ao trabalhador condições mínimas ao desenvolvimento do trabalho. Apesar das evoluções legislativas sobre o tema, estas se tornaram ineficazes frente ao número excessivo de acidentes ocorridos no setor da construção civil, trazendo à empresa maiores responsabilidades ao assegurar a saúde e segurança de seus trabalhadores. Em vista dessa necessidade de melhoria do ambiente de trabalho em um aspecto geral, tanto com fins de garantir a obediência legal quanto para maior conforto dos trabalhadores e qualidade da organização, o Sistema de Gestão da Saúde e Segurança do Trabalho (SGSST) se demonstra um instrumento válido à evolução da gestão das empresas, bem como a OHSAS 18001 que se propõe a garantir a eficiência e integração de um sistema voltado à segurança e saúde do trabalho por meios de implementos e adaptações deste, a fim de trazer melhorias significativas às condições do ambiente de trabalho, especialmente na forma de uma nova cultura a ser adotada pela empresa. Abordando a problemática, o presente trabalho tem por finalidade desenvolver um sistema de gestão por meio da OHSAS 18001 que seja compatível com os termos da NR-18, pois é nesta integração entre o SGSST ao Sistema de Gestão da empresa como uma prática usual desta que se tem em vista um beneficiamento da segurança do trabalho no ramo de Edificações na percepção da necessidade de um comprometimento da alta administração e a incorporação de metas e SST às metas organizacionais. / The job security issue is crucial for the development of construction due to the need to ensure the health of workers, which is done by means of laws and production management. Thus, among various other laws, was enacted NR-18, in order to ensure the worker's minimum conditions for the development work. Despite legislative developments on the subject, they have become ineffective against the excessive number of accidents in the construction industry, bringing the company to greater in ensuring the health and safety of its workers. In view of this need for improvement of working environment in a general appearance, both for purposes of ensuring the law obedience as comfort for workers and quality of the organization, the System Health Management and Safety (OHSMS) is a valid tool demonstrates the evolution of business management, as well as OHSAS 18001 which proposes to ensure the efficiency and integration of a system geared to safety and health at work by means of implements and adaptations of it, in order to bring significant improvements to conditions of work, especially in the form of a new culture to be adopted by the company. Addressing the problem, this paper aims to develop a management system by OHSAS 18001 which is consistent with the terms of NR-18 as it is this integration of OHSMS Management System of the company as a usual practice of that aims at an improvement of work safety in the business of Buildings.

Number of important conclusions result from the questionnaire reserch. Employees of the Pelhřimov plant are very well informed about applied quality assurance systems.

M. Ing. / Managing the risks to life and limb and to the environment due to potential accidents and structural failures during the lifecycle phases of a TD is a complex, intricate and dynamic process, because of the sheer number of hazards that are involved. Fault and event trees enable one to systematically identify these hazards within the context of their intricate relationships. An internationally accepted qualitative scale enables one to assign probabilities in terms of engineering judgement to the sub-causes in the fault trees and the probabilities of the top faults to be calculated. Mine and industry accident statistics enable one to assign relevant frequencies to the subtended event trees and to determine the resulting probabilities of fatal injury or environmental damage. An internationally accepted relationship between lifetime probability of failure causing death and the potential number of fatalities enables one to determine whether the resulting probability of fatal injury is acceptable. If such resulting probability of fatal injury is not acceptable, the biggest contributing subcauses in the underlying fault tree can be identified and mitigating measures considered on an optimal cost benefit basis. The fault trees for the different life cycle phases of the TD also enable one to take cognisance of the dynamic changes in the frequencies of the sub-causes in the various phases and how the risk management focus may change over the life of a TD although the overall threat may not necessarily vary very much. During investigation of the causative modes for personal injury due to mine accidents/hazards at or on the TD it was found that the probabilities associated with fatal injury during the life cycle phases considered were acceptable. The sensitivity of the factors was however investigated further to provide confidence, and event and consequence trees were developed for TD road accidents which were identified as having the highest probabilities of occurrence. The most efficient risk management intervention measure evaluated was found to be increasing compliance with the mine’s road traffic safety regulations. Investigation of the causative modes for personal injury due to structural failure of the TD determined that the probabilities associated with fatal injury were acceptable and no risk mitigation measures were thus required. The causative modes for environmental damage due to mine accidents/hazards were examined next and the probabilities associated with environmental damage were found to be unacceptably high for the life cycle phases considered. Risk management intervention 57 measures were thus required to lower the associated risks to acceptable levels based on relevant and realistic environmental protection guidelines. No mitigation measures were developed as part of the study. Causative modes for environmental damage due to structural failure of the TD were investigated last. The probabilities associated with environmental damage during the life cycle phases considered were also found to be unacceptably high. Risk mitigation measures were thus required but none were developed as part of the study. Fault and event tree methodology as employed in this study can thus be used as valuable supporting instruments for investigating the causative failure modes of a complex system, the identification of potential risk mitigation measures, and for evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed risk management measures.

South Africa is a labour-intensive industrially developing country. As a result, in excess of 200 000 workers suffer from musculoskeletal injuries in a year. Research is thus essential to develop more effective strategies in the reduction and rehabilitation of occupational musculoskeletal disorders within industry. It was the hypothesis of this study that by improving the physical work capacity of manual labourers, through participation in an occupation specific work-hardening programme, that the ergonomic stress index and therefore the occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries within industry, may be reduced. Twenty-five male Black and Coloured manual labourers volunteered to participate in this study. In addition to in situ task analyses, the subjects participated in cardiovascular and strength assessments in the laboratory, both pre- and post-participation in the ten-week work-hardening programme. The data were statistically analyzed in order to identify any significant • improvements in the workers' physical work capacity, as measured by cardiovascular, strength and perceptual responses, following the period of work-hardening. Two significant reductions were noted in measures of working heart rate together with significant improvements in grip strength and trunk strength tested at a velocity of 60°.sec·1 at the post-conditioning assessments. In conclusion, the ten-week work-hardening programme resulted in nominal improvements in all the cardiovascular measures and significant improvements in the subjects' strength performance. However, industrialists must recognise that this study dealt with only one aspect of reducing the ergonomic stress index at the workplace and realise that, in addition to this focus, it remains essential to design the task to fit the human operator.

Major changes have occurred in the workplace in the past decades. Technology has changed dramatically, innovative ways of utilising nuclear power have been developed, new chemicals have been introduced to the market and the adverse effects of other chemicals on both human health and safety and the environment have been discovered. This has influenced the nature of the workforce itself. Regulators in the different jurisdictions were required to react to the challenges that these changes represent. This thesis explores the responses in the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the Republic of South Africa by identifying the occupational safety and health (OSH) regulations, administration, enforcement and penalties which have been put in place to address the above mentioned challenges. It is impossible to mention all the changes in the workforce and workplace that have occurred in the recent years, and this thesis therefore focuses on the possibilities that different types of regulation offer to address some of these changes. Alterations to existing approaches are proposed to ensure that enforcement is improved and better targeted. The utilisation of third parties as surrogate regulators is also addressed. The central theme of this thesis is how the law can stimulate self-regulation by adopting a Safety Management System (SMS) within enterprises to encourage “self-critical reflection about their OHS performance”. The purpose of criminal sanctions in occupational safety and health regulation, the role of the prosecution in the enforcement of OSH strategies and the possibility of combining prosecutions of corporations with prosecutions of individual managers and directors who are responsible for non-compliance with OSH standards are also addressed. Although it is most important to ensure that workers are not injured or do not contract occupational diseases, in practice this does unfortunately happen. Therefore this thesis also discusses the compensation of injured workers. / Professor D. S. de Villiers