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This study investigates the jewellery industry in South Africa from about the 1920s when the industry operated as a cluster in Johannesburg, to the more contemporary period of 2003. The industrial cluster approach to industrialisation forms the theoretical background for discussing the evolution of the jewellery cluster in this period. Various factors or “turning points” influenced the course of the cluster’s development and ultimately culminated in the demise of the jewellery cluster in Johannesburg. The study pays specific attention to the role of government in first resisting and then promoting the growth of jewellery manufacturing in South Africa. In recent years the jewellery industry has been the focus of both government and private sector initiatives to enhance its competitiveness globally. The result of these initiatives is discussed in the context of the internal and external constraints that affected the industry in the past and continue to play a role in the present.

Japan and Korean¡¦s TFT-LCD industries consider the competitiveness of the cost. So their proportion of local equipment setting is more popular than Taiwan.Instead, Taiwan¡¦s equipment industries development priority need to increase the number of productions by new equipment and shorten the lead time and achieve the high quality of productions. However, TFT-LCD factories can save the cost of investment and raise the investment efficiency of operating cost to improve the ROI (Return On Investment). This thesis compares and analyzes the competitiveness of the industry in TFT-LCD equipment among Taiwan, Japan and Korea. In the Porter¡¦s (1990) book ¡§The ompetitive Advantage of Nations¡¨ that mentioned about the ¡§Diamond Structure¡¨. So, we have to nalyzeand realize totally at the industry of the equipment¡¦s inside factor with six aspects ¡§ Demand Conditions¡¨, ¡§Firm Strategy, Structure and Rivalry¡¨, ¡§Factor Conditions¡¨ and ¡§Related and Supporting Industries¡¨ and the other outside factors ¡§Government¡¨ and ¡§Opportunity¡¨. The research of this paper shows that how the equipment industries of Taiwan use their own resources and competition advantages to compete with Japan country which quite maturity in TFT-LCD equipments. And Korea country with strong support by their government, for this reason, they can earn their own stage and further surpasses the others among the intense of competition industries. Therefore, widely collecting research paper, industry's news, specialized periodical and interviewing the important grades of personages of related industrial by the questionnaire, with that results. Then we can understand Korea and Japan¡¦s TFT-LCD equipment industry's mpetitiveness deeply. At the end, we can put forward the conclusion and suggestions by these studies and we can take it for our references on industry's development strategy of the equipment and afford the suggestion of consulting to our government's policy for Taiwan.

Despite it being a global phenomenon, there is no formal process to guide governments’ offer of incentives to industry. Specific to South Africa, the offer of incentives to the automotive industry to support its competitiveness has had mixed results. Industry trade deficit has consistently increased and investment in R&D has remained minimal. The purpose of the study was to develop a formal model to determine the effect of changes in the value and basis of the Productive Asset Allowance (PAA) incentive on industry competitiveness and on industry trade balance. An overview of the South African automotive industry, automotive policy and industry performance under the country’s Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP) was done. This was followed by literature review on investment, investment incentives, R&D and competitiveness. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected through observer participation in the study situation and expert opinion interviews. A formal modelling process of the PAA based on the system dynamics modelling protocol followed. The PAA model had to be extended to incorporate the Import-Export Complementation (IEC) incentive structure because of the intertwined nature of the effect of PAA and IEC on industry dynamics. The study findings as per the specific study objectives were as follows: • The prospect of the PAA to support the competitiveness objective was dependent on the extent to which the incentive would motivate technological innovation in the automotive industry. • The often-assumed positive relationship between investment and investment incentives was not universal. Each case of industry incentive offer has to be judged on its own merit. • The PAA had a significant and positive effect on industry investment, but limited ability to support long-term industry competitiveness though R&D and innovative activities. • The IEC rather than the PAA incentive was the major contributor to the industry trade balance trend. • The PAA-IEC incentive model exhibited time-bound constraints. The model demonstrated saturation as benefits awarded to industry tended towards the domestic market size over time. • The PAA-IEC incentive model had no specific policy lever to direct investment into R&D and innovative activities. By this measure the model was not a strong policy framework for supporting long-term industry competitiveness. For the South African automotive industry, the study introduced and showed the usefulness of applying system dynamics modelling in understanding causes of unintended consequences of government incentives to the industry. For countries in which offer of incentives is part of the national industrial policy, the study provided scientific means through which the question of how to structure incentives can be objectively investigated as a means of improving policy decisions on such industry intervention. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) / unrestricted

This is a theoretical research report that advocates the achievement of competitiveness in formulating strategies of co-operation with industry participants through the establishment of collaborative networks. A collaborative network is reviewed from a theoretical perspective to add insight into the subject as a mechanism for firms to achieve competitiveness and sustainability. The theory of collaborative networks is explored further in identifying the interdependent components of collaborative networks to better understand their establishment and management. The literature on government policy is also examined from an industry competitiveness perspective, with particular emphasis on the influence of government policy in ensuring successful collaborative networks that achieve industry competitiveness.By using a single case design in the South African Automotive Sector, the interdependent components are linked to the organisational design of the collaborative network. The research was exploratory in developing and extending the theory into an integrated model in assessing the competitiveness of the automotive industry.The research found that the ability to participate in a collaborative network is a strategic resource that firms need to acquire. The research confirmed the establishment and development of the network structure, strategy, dynamics and culture as the enabling platform for successful collaboration with in a network. The research found that the governance structures within the collaborative network are critical in establishing the balance between competition and co-operation and in evolving relationships into partnerships that define the collaborative network as a strategic organisation. The research also found collaborative networks are unique manifestations that achieve efficiencies beyond economic benefit for the participants of the network to the achievement of socio-economic benefit for the industry in the form of entrepreneurship development, job creation and skills transfer. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-11-13T13:26:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele de Fátima.pdf: 3283674 bytes, checksum: 56fe8cb03480237e34b489c2b61dbfd6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-13T13:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele de Fátima.pdf: 3283674 bytes, checksum: 56fe8cb03480237e34b489c2b61dbfd6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / The importance of Natural Gas in world is growing, with highlights to its efficiency and competitiveness, reaching the point of being considered the fuel of energy transition to a less carbonized matrix. When it comes to energy transition, a change in the profile of energy consumption is can be observed throughout the development of capitalism. What was an economy based on firewood and charcoal, facing the shortage of resources becomes supplied by mineral coal, that by technological limitations gives space to oil, perhaps the energy source with greater geopolitical strength witnessed until current days. The transition that shall happen in the next years will not be due to paucity or any other technological limitations of oil, but because since the world has become more rigorous and is uniting efforts so that the pollution level, largely due to the use of fossil energy sources, can reduce in order to maintain the future development of nations. In these terms, the natural gas launches as the most appropriated fuel to energy transition, keeping in sight its property of less polluting, reduced cost and high productivity. In Brazil, the energy matrix diversification model, predicting the growth of natural gas supply happened only at the beginning of XXI century, demanding a specific regulation mark so the private agents could also operate its industry and the costs of investments in specific assets could minimize. In the last four years, Maranhão became an important hub of natural gas production, benefiting from the opening of the industry to private agents. One of main questions of this research refers to the use of this input into the industry, having as reference three scenarios of princes into the internal energy market competition. To identify and forecast demand for natural gas into the selected sub-sectors is used as basis the GEE-matrix introduced by Braga (2015) and to measure the environmental impacts is used as reference the Montes (2000) method. Finally, it is proven that the insertion of natural gas into the state's industrial matrix is capable of generating economic, social and environmental gains for the population of Maranhão. / A importância do gás natural em termos mundiais é crescente, com destaques para sua eficiência e competitividade, a ponto de ser considerado o combustível da transição energética para uma matriz menos carbonizada. Quando se trata de transição energética, observa-se uma mudança no perfil de consumo de energia ao longo do desenvolvimento do capitalismo. O que era uma economia baseada em lenha e carvão vegetal, diante da escassez iminente dos insumos, passa a ser sustentada pelo carvão mineral, que por limitações tecnológicas cede espaço para o petróleo, talvez a fonte energética com maior força geopolítica presenciada até os dias atuais. A transição que deverá ocorrer nos próximos anos não será decorrente de escassez ou quaisquer limitações tecnológicas do petróleo, mas porque o mundo tornou-se mais exigente e está unindo esforços para que o nível de poluição, decorrente em grande parte das fontes energéticas fósseis, seja reduzido a fim de preservar o desenvolvimento futuro das nações. Nesses termos, o gás natural se lança como o combustível mais apropriado para a transição energética, tendo em vista sua característica de menos poluente, custo reduzido e elevado rendimento. No Brasil, o modelo de diversificação da matriz energética, prevendo-se o crescimento da oferta de gás natural ocorre somente no início do século XXI, exigindo um marco regulatório específico para que os agentes privados também passassem a operacionalizar a indústria e os custos decorrentes dos investimentos em ativos específicos fossem minimizados. O Maranhão passou figurar nos últimos quatro anos como polo importante de produção de gás natural, sendo beneficiado pela abertura da indústria aos agentes privados. Um dos principais questionamentos desta pesquisa se refere ao aproveitamento desse insumo no setor industrial, tendo como referência três cenários de preços na competição interenergética. Para identificar e prever a demanda de gás natural dos subsetores selecionados utiliza-se como base a metodologia GEE- Matriz, apresentada por Braga (2015) e para mensuração dos impactos ambientais, tomou-se como referência a metodologia de Montes (2000). Por fim, comprova-se que a inserção do gás natural na matriz industrial do Estado é capaz de gerar ganhos econômicos, sociais e ambientais para a população Maranhense.