This study investigates the jewellery industry in South Africa from about the 1920s when the industry operated as a cluster in Johannesburg, to the more contemporary period of 2003. The industrial cluster approach to industrialisation forms the theoretical background for discussing the evolution of the jewellery cluster in this period. Various factors or “turning points” influenced the course of the cluster’s development and ultimately culminated in the demise of the jewellery cluster in Johannesburg. The study pays specific attention to the role of government in first resisting and then promoting the growth of jewellery manufacturing in South Africa. In recent years the jewellery industry has been the focus of both government and private sector initiatives to enhance its competitiveness globally. The result of these initiatives is discussed in the context of the internal and external constraints that affected the industry in the past and continue to play a role in the present.

Taiwan's online game industry from July 1999 Lager technology company launched its first self-made online game, "King of Kings" in Taiwan can have the strength of online game development. Love justice from 2000 Japanese JSS International also represents the company's "Stone Age", and also South Korean Deputy Gamania NCsoft's "Lineage", Taiwan began to develop the online game industry. This study discusses the Asian online game industry in the development of major countries such as Japan, Korea and mainland China through Michael Porter's Diamond Model. Diamond Model proposed by the factors of production, demand factors, related and supporting industries and firm strategy, structure and competition, etc. There are four options the Government and the chance to face the two surfaces as a study aid purchase theoretical basis for online games in Taiwan market for research and analysis, which found that Taiwan's online game industry is facing a critical stage of development, the Government has been too slow, so the domestic company already own alliance to the government for help, hoping to help Taiwan game company to reduce the access to Chinese market barriers, but also hope the Government can set up the digital content industry park, providing preferential tax rates in order to promote the development of industrial cluster competitive environment.

Industrial cluster is a geographical phenomenon in the process of industrial development. It means in a certain field, related enterprises and organizations gather together in a certain region and form an organic system with intact upstream, middle stream, and downstream structures. With support of suburban industry system, such system has formed the engines of regional economic development. After open policy and economic reformation, Zhejiang Province has achieved a great accomplishment in both economic and social development. Zhejiang Province is also one of the fast growing and the most vigorous provinces in Mainland China. The key features, like ¡§Small merchandise, big market¡¨, ¡§Small enterprise, big cluster¡¨, ¡§Small region, big industry¡¨, etc., in this region have aroused public interests and concerns. In this thesis, we explore the issue of industrial cluster and its relationship to regional economic development and growth in Zhejiang Province. The analysis of the issue is based primarily upon the theoretical arguments and secondary empirical evidence. Research suggests that agglomeration economies at the cluster level influence the competition more profoundly, and the agglomeration economies further to affect the whole region.

Abstract This study is dedicated to discussing Semiconductor Industrial Cluster competitive advantages on both shores of the Taiwan Straits, and finding out Taiwan IC design industries co-competition strategies with Main Land China. The theory base on the Industrial Cluster by Michael E. Porter. The analytical tool is Diamond Structure of The Competitive Advantage of nations by Michael E. Porter. There are four dimensions¡GFactor Endowments, Demand Conditions, Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry, Related and Supporting Industries, and another two factors¡G Government and Chance. The conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1. Taiwan IC design industries must make use of Main Land China IC design resource to increase Taiwan competitive advantages. 2. For increase IC design human resource supply purpose. The industrial policy made by Taiwan government must be changed to recruit Hi-Tec engineer from Main Land China. 3. Taiwan has on geography and culture market competitive advantage, IC design industries should participate in establishing China industrial standard. 4. Build up Taiwan's own brand. 5. Build up patent alliance to increase Taiwan IC design industrial competitive advantages. 6. Globalize the enterprise-integrated resource.

¡@¡@Because of recession of investment environment and deregulation of Mainland policies in Taiwan since the early 1990s, Taiwanese manufacturing industries were attracted with cheap production costs and regional development policies in Mainland China, led investment of Taiwanese manufacturing industries and export of Taiwan to Mainland China rose quickly. Since foreign investment policies had been changed, problems of labor shortages and rising wages got worse in Mainland China in recent years, led production advantages of Taiwanese manufacturing industries lost gradually. In order to look for supply chain process cheaply and effectively, Taiwanese manufacturing industries were developing toward localization and domestic market in Mainland China, led its¡¦ demands of Taiwanese supply chain reduced gradually. In order to increase importance of Taiwanese supply chain, Taiwan government should promote industrial restructuring and upgrading, and attract Taiwanese manufacturing industries establish R & D sectors about technology-intensive and knowledge-intensive in Taiwan. We can use advantages of logistics and channels about Taiwanese service industries, it will maintain and raise importance of Taiwanese supply chain by the high quality and high value-added part.

Knitting fabric industry is a particular branch with obviously industrial cluster in textile industry, having the sufficient resources of raw materials, the rapid mobility of productivity, the mature dyeing and finishing technologies, the extensive experience in international trade, though having the complicated process to the variable products, has developed a completed supply chain of its own. In which closely the composition of the medium or small or even micro enterprise to create the competitive strengths on the whole industry, brings up Taiwan being a major exporting country of knitting fabric worldwide. From the evolution of environment, of market demanding, of trading partners, and the future trends, thru the in-depth interviewing with the representative figures and the experts of the industry, government, academia, R&D, in this research to investigate & analyze their points of view and suggestions for the reference of the field. The research results show, at the supply end, Taiwan has become an ODM manufacturer but not just OEM maker. At the product end, the environment protection and carbon reducing are now strictly requiring on the manufacturing of functional and fashionable hi-tec products. At marketing end, the vertical consolidation among supply chains and the name brands retailers, traders, garment factories, fabric converters, up to yarn mills, the supply chain integrate and the strategic alliance to the new products developing to cause the big bigger, in quick response to the trends now a day the fast fashion and short life cycle with meager profits. To position on the innovational products to meet consumer¡¦s demands, create demanding to create profits.

The original of industrial cluster analysis is to distinguish what is cluster. It is developing to overview industrial district and to conclude the potential industry. In the light of these defects, we cloud improve them for industrial development. This industrial cluster analysis of variables by literatures, including of Industrial Concentration Factor, Cluster Dependency Factor, Economic Prosperity Factor, and four strategic resources that influence development of cluster, including of High Quality Human Resource, Technology and Knowledge Resource, Infrastructure, Capital. Using the questionnaire and interview with members in the cluster. The results of research: (1)There is a orientation of TFT-LCD industrial cluster in the Southern Science Park and show a vertical industrial cluster than horizontal cluster. (2)Material and Key part of equipment is complete and available, but there is only one application firm that produces large TFT-LCD. (3) TFT-LCD industry is important in the district and creating economic development. (4)It is difficult to find many talents about TFT-LCD industry and High Quality Human Resource is positive effect to this cluster.(5)As a result of TFT-LCD industry is at initial stage, they have less demand of Technology and Knowledge Resource, but it is increasing in the future.(6)The films are satisfied of water and electricity system, but they think that the staff cloud not get better quality of life in the district.(7) As a result of using capital without borders and Taiwan¡¦s government take TFT-LCD industry seriously, the films get capital smoothly. Key words¡GSouthern Science Park ¡BThin-Film Transistor Liquid-Crystal Display ,TFT-LCD¡BIndustrial Cluster¡BLocation Quotient.

In the era of knowledge-based economy, learning to learn and how to learn is crucial, and learning becomes a fundamental process for local development. Knowledge can be divided into two categories as the codified and tacit knowledge. For a local economy, tacit knowledge can not be traded easily as it is local advantages in the globalized age. Geographical proximity makes face-to-face communication essential, and it is important for the interactive learning. In addition, it also needs an institutional milieu that is advantageous to the innovation activities, and then a learning region comes to a fore. In this regard, the study aims to exam a learning region on textile industry with the case study in Tainan area. Via face-to-face interviews of the textile participators, the results show that the textile firms in Tainan area are supported by sharing a common social and cultural background. Social network helps the collective learning more effectively. The innovation activities derive from firms come from firms of supply chain, R&D institutes and business associations. However the connections within the firms of the same business, university and local government are limited, which weakens the learning of tacit knowledge and the creation of the synergy. To strengthen the learning mechanism for institutional thickness and learning region is suggested to the textile cluster in Tainan.

Abstract The development of Taiwan automotive industry has the long history. The output of Taiwanese automotive component industry had reached the new peak in 2002, after that the new highest record in history is that the output reaches NT 171,400 million. We found a lot of studies are about automotive industry not automotive component industry. Therefore, this study probes into the network relation among industries, the state in the network¡Ketc. which are important factors to explain these relations in the automotive component industry. This study used the view of the Learning Region to integrate the diversifying point of innovate learning and network relation¡Xlocation factors, learning systems and network relations that research innovate learning and real learning systems in Taiwanese automotive component industry. This study found Taiwanese automotive component industry possesses close geography so that auto makers and automotive component firms have the common competitiveness foundation and production system, manufacturing infrastructure are their common foundations. Because automotive makers are so near to supply help and this long-term relation formed a close industry network. The innovate learning activities of Taiwan auto parts firm are student system, production innovation mechanism, and cooperation with others departments of intra-firm, cooperation with suppliers and consumer¡¦s industries among the industries of the learning mechanisms, but other learning mechanisms (e.g. seminar, university, and administrative center of industrial area )didn¡¦t have high relations that weakens the learning of tacit knowledge and the creation of the synergy. It is easy to replace by other regions under the global competition. How to strengthen the learning mechanism of the innovative activity on the basis of original industry network to achieve the stronger system will be a challenge for automotive component industries to develop the learning region.

Since the EPZ was set up in 1966, it has attracted foreign investment, introduced technology, opened up foreign trade and provided employment opportunities. When EPZ was first set up, it had every kind of investment-rewarding regulations, ¡§One-stop Window¡¨ administrational measures, so it could attract a lot of foreign and overseas Chinese capitals. But, after 2 years, the 68-hectare area was not enough for using. The EPZA has continuously expanded the zones up to 9 so far: the total area is about 576.81 hectares. The EPZs are export-oriented, their products are all exported, and the professions have increased step by sep, including trade, logistics and warehouses, software consulting and related industries. Its capital resources were mainly from Europe, U.S., Japan and Hong Kong, but converts into domestic mostly now, with 47.79%, the highest ratio. The Zones¡¦ industrial structure also changed from the original garments, plastics and leather with more than 55% to electronics & electric machinery with 80% the most now. The Export Processing Zone Administration (EPZA) has also coped with the era trend changes by innovating the policies and functions, such as efforts in zone transformation, deregulations, trade liberalization and industrial clustering. As the accumulations of Taiwan¡¦s capital and technology and the enormous changes both in global politics and economy, the in-zone enterprises have also changed the industrial structures and production processes, walk out the OEM shadows and walk in the ODM, so as to produce and do marketing by themselves and to expand the markets. They have transformed from labor-intensive industries of garments, plastics, leather to capital-intensive high-tech industries of IC, LCD, optics, precise tools, information software and digital content and so on. When Taiwan¡¦s producing costs are rising little by little, the enterprises form all over the world are moving to the mainland China and the booming southeastern Asian countries to reduce costs and grip the markets. It is the question how to mold the more suitable investment environment to lure the Taiwanese enterprises come back home and the foreign investment turn around to Taiwan. This study made the in-depth interviews and did the questionnaires to scholars, government agencies and the industrial circle for over 30 copies. This study also analyzes the key factors of attracting investment by AHP hierarchical analysis method. The results revealed that, firstly, the enterprises¡¦ interactions and the neighboring of customers, the benefits of industrial cluster and the completion of supply chain of down and up stream, are vital to attract investment. Secondly, the completion of the in-zone infrastructure is the most important key factor for attracting investment. Thirdly, The EPZA ¡¥s favorable measures and administrative efficiency are also the prior considering factors. This study suggested that the administration units should upgrade the functions of their in-zone administrative steps, build the modern facilities of the infrastructure and attach importance to the living functions, strengthen the cooperation between industries, governments and schools, and propagate the investment-rewarding measures offered by governments to the enterprises, so that the governments¡¦ good policies can truly do favors to the in-zone enterprises, and thus construct the zones¡¦ better investment environment and attract investment.