In this Thesis I focus on the ensuring of the energy safety in the Czech republic.Further more I deal with a size of the resources, energy utilization, energy legislation and energy forecasting.

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Agricultural Economics. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Sergio Valdir Bajay / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T09:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RafaelRodriguesda_M.pdf: 6149797 bytes, checksum: 1c94ddf1de68213f0c9001cc01d09e45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Sistemas industriais consumidores de energia são, em geral, complexos. Metodologias e ferramentas que facilitem o cálculo de potenciais de economia no consumo de energia térmica e elétrica são, portanto, de extrema importância. Nesse contexto, modelos de simulação de sistemas energéticos são bastante úteis para explicar o comportamento de sistemas complicados, que estão além da capacidade do cérebro humano compreender integralmente todas as suas características relevantes. Esse trabalho apresenta o contexto brasileiro de oportunidades para uso de softwares que se propõem a realizar a modelagem de sistemas energéticos industriais em alguns dos seus principais sistemas consumidores de energia: força motriz, ar comprimido, calor de processo, aquecimento direto, refrigeração e resfriamento, sistemas de bombeamento e sistemas de ventilação. São consideradas duas fontes de disponibilização desse tipo de ferramenta. A primeira é o Programa Nacional de Conservação de Energia Elétrica (Procel), que possui softwares nacionais, em língua portuguesa, para análises de alguns dos sistemas listados anteriormente. A segunda é o U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), pela tradição do país no uso deste tipo de ferramenta com profissionais habilitados formalmente, pela língua inglesa que se torna cada vez mais comum no Brasil e também pela abundância de softwares gratuitos disponibilizados. Comparações quanto às complementaridades ou redundâncias de propostas, plataformas, idiomas, pacotes de unidades e profundidades das análises são efetuadas. Conjuntamente, para aprofundar as análises dos programas, são efetuados estudos de casos reais na indústria nacional com o uso de modelos de simulação. Foram selecionados inicialmente 25 modelos de simulação. Após a eliminação de modelos que faziam análises semelhantes, ou que apresentavam grandes dificuldades para a sua instalação, ou operação, sobraram 17 modelos, que possibilitam boas análises do desempenho energético de sistemas industriais envolvendo, sobretudo, motores elétricos, ar comprimido, calor de processo e aquecimento direto. A maior parte dos sistemas industriais com considerável potencial de economia de energia pode ser analisada por, pelo menos, um destes modelos. Nesse ambiente de modelos e simulações, também é apresentado um estudo sobre a aplicação de modelagem de otimização (matemática) para um sistema hipotético de ar comprimido / Abstract: In general, industrial energy systems are complex. Methodologies and tools which make easier the calculation of potential thermal and electric energy savings are therefore of utmost importance. Within this context, simulation models of energy systems are very useful in explaining the behavior of complicated systems, which are beyond the capacity of the human brain to fully understand all of their relevant features. This work presents the Brazilian context of opportunities in terms of software usage for modeling some of the major industrial energy systems: motors, compressed air, steam, process heating, process cooling, pumping systems, and ventilation systems. Two sources of this kind of software tool are considered. The first one is the Brazilian National Program for Energy Conservation (Procel), which has some national software, in Portuguese, capable of analyzing some of the energy systems previously listed. The second one is the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), due to the country's tradition in using this kind of tools with recognized qualified specialists, the English language that is becoming increasingly present in Brazil and the abundance of free of charge software tools in the DOE's website. Comparisons are made regarding: redundancies and complementarities of the proposals, platform structures, languages, units and complexity of analysis. Additionally, real case studies in the Brazilian industry are made using simulation models. Initially, 25 simulation models were selected. After the elimination of models performing similar analyses, or being very difficult to install or operate, 17 models remained, which allow good energy performance analyses of industrial systems, particularly those comprising electric motors, compressed air, steam and process heating. Most of the industrial systems with large potential for energy savings can be evaluated by, at least, one of these models. A study about the application of mathematical optimization modeling for a hypothetical compressed air system is also presented / Mestrado / Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos / Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology responsible to maintain temperature levels and air quality in buildings to certain standards. In a commercial setting, HVAC systems accounted for more than 50% of the total energy cost of the building in 2013 [13]. New control methods are always being worked on to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the system. These control systems include model predictive control (MPC), evolutionary algorithm (EA), evolutionary programming (EP), and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. Such control tools are used on new HVAC system to ensure the ultimate efficiency and ensure the comfort of occupants. However, there is a need for a system that can monitor the energy performance of the HVAC system and ensure that it is operating in its optimal operation and controlled as expected. In this thesis, an air handling unit (AHU) of an HVAC system was modeled to analyze its performance using real data collected from an operating AHU using a wireless monitoring system. The purpose was to monitor the AHU's performance, analyze its key parameters to identify flaws, and evaluate the energy waste. This system will provide the maintenance personnel to key information to them to act for increasing energy efficiency. The mechanical model was experimentally validated first. Them a baseline operating condition was established. Finally, the system under extreme weather conditions was evaluated. The AHU's subsystem performance, the energy consumption and the potential wastes were monitored and quantified. The developed system was able to constantly monitor the system and report to the maintenance personnel the information they need. I can be used to identify energy savings opportunities due to controls malfunction. Implementation of this system will provide the system's key performance indicators, offer feedback for adjustment of control strategies, and identify the potential savings. To further verify the capabilities of the model, a case study was performed on an air handling unit on campus for a three month monitoring period. According to the mechanical model, a total of 63,455 kWh can be potentially saved on the unit by adjusting controls. In addition the mechanical model was able to identify other energy savings opportunities due to set point changes that may result in a total of 77,141 kWh.