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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Essays on production and investment

Liu, Huizhong 01 August 2019 (has links)
This dissertation contributes to the understanding of production and investment decisions under different circumstances. Specifically, it focuses on two aspects: (1) in a market with financial frictions, how entrepreneurs choose their production sectors and finance their business; (2) in a market with spillovers in research and development (R&D), how spillover effect influences firms' R&D investment and other market performances. In Chapter 1, I examine how financial frictions affect occupational shifts and structural transformations between the service sector and the manufacturing sector. I construct a general equilibrium occupational choice model with intermediation costs and contract enforcement, in which agents can choose to be entrepreneurs in the service or manufacturing sectors, or to be workers. The model is calibrated to match Chinese statistics and is used to conduct policy experiments that vary intermediation and enforcement costs. I find that high intermediation costs cause the contribution to output and the number of workers employed in the service sector to increase. They also decrease output per capita in the service sector. The service sector size and enforcement do not have a monotonic relationship; the association is positive when enforcement cost is sufficiently high and it is negative when enforcement cost is sufficiently low. Counterfactual experiments are performed for the U.S., Brazil and the Philippines. I find that intermediation costs and enforcement can explain almost half of the sector size gap with Brazil and the Philippines. In Chapter 2, we consider a one-stage Cournot duopoly of R&D. We characterize the Nash equilibrium of the one-stage game and provide a comparison with the two-stage version of the same Cournot model of R&D/product market competition. We look at R&D expenditures, profits, output, and welfare. Under perfect symmetry, the one-stage model always leads to higher profits when the spillover parameter is not equal to 1/2. Moreover, the one-stage model implies more R&D expenditure and higher welfare if and only if the spillover parameter is greater than 1/2. In Chapter 3, we consider a one-stage Cournot duopoly with R&D and spillovers in R&D inputs and makes a comparison with the two-stage game version where R&D levels are observed before the output choices. We focus on the possibility of a prisoner's dilemma in R&D. By adding an initial period to our one-stage model, wherein firms decide whether or not to conduct R&D, we find that there is no prisoner's dilemma in R&D regardless of the level of spillover effects.
2

O Distrito Industrial de Joinville / SC (1975-2007): análise crítica e propositiva / The Industrial District of Joinville/SC (1975-2007): a critical and suggestive analysis

Hoenicke, Nilzete Farias 25 October 2007 (has links)
Esta tese de doutoramento está voltada ao estudo do Distrito Industrial de Joinville, importante centro industrial de Santa Catarina. Realiza uma avaliação crítica do Plano e Implantação do Distrito Industrial sob o ponto de vista dos resultados práticos obtidos, haja vista o seu quadro atual de sub-ocupação. A abordagem inicia com a discussão a respeito da origem dessa prática no Brasil por volta dos anos 70, fruto de uma política de desenvolvimento urbano via industrialização. Aponta, que por iniciativa dos Governos Federal e Estadual, foram criadas em muitas cidades fora de regiões já congestionadas como São Paulo, áreas dotadas de infra-estrutura básica e subsídios para implantação de unidades industriais, denominadas distritos industriais. Segue com a busca do referencial teórico demonstrando conhecimentos publicados acerca de novos padrões de localização industrial como resultado do processo de reestruturação produtiva em curso, reflexo da globalização. Procura esclarecer as diversas interpretações acerca do termo distrito industrial, situando o leitor quanto ao conceito brasileiro e quanto aos condicionantes técnicos e urbanísticos que eram observados na sua implantação. Posto o referencial teórico, o trabalho realiza uma abordagem sobre o processo de industrialização de Joinville, investigando a dinâmica industrial no território e o respectivo acompanhamento da legislação urbanística. Passa então a uma análise específica do Distrito Industrial de Joinville, da concepção à conseqüente regulamentação em 1975 até o processo gradual de implantação, atestando a limitação dessa prática urbanística comprovada pelos resultados tão abaixo do esperado num dos maiores pólos industriais do Sul do Brasil que representa Joinville. Finaliza com algumas diretrizes urbanísticas relativas à localização e promoção industrial no município. / The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the Industrial District of Joinville, an important industrial center in Santa Catarina. It makes a critical evaluation of the Plan and Introduction of the Industrial District according to the practical results obtained, taking into account its current situation of reduced area occupation. The approach begins with the discussion about the origin of this practice in Brazil around the 1970s, as a result of an urban development policy by means of industrialization. It shows that, due to initiative of the federal and state governments, areas with basic infrastructure and subsidies for introduction of industrial units (called industrial districts) were created in many cities outside already crowded regions such as São Paulo. It continues with the search of the theoretical conditioning factor showing information published about the new patterns of industrial localization as a result of the process of productive restructuring in course as a reflection of globalization. The aim is to clarify several interpretations about the industrial district designation, giving an idea to the reader about the Brazilian concept and about the technical and urbanistic conditioning factors which were observed during its introduction. After explaining the theoretical conditioning factor, this paper makes an approach on the industrialization process in Joinville, investigating the industrial process in the territory and the respective follow-up of the urbanistic legislation. Afterwards it makes a specific analysis of the Industrial District of Joinville from its conception to the consequent regulation in 1975 up to the gradual introduction process, confirming the limitation of this urbanistic practice shown by the results which were so much under the level expected in one of the biggest industrial centers in the south of Brazil represented by Joinville. It ends by showing some urban guidelines concerned to the localization and industrial promotion in the municipality.
3

Organização da indústria: estudos de caso na cadeia produtiva do etanol do Rio Grande do Sul

Rodrigues, Luis Eduardo Roza 24 August 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-25T12:22:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 organizacao_industria.pdf: 1678412 bytes, checksum: 482f62737728f67942026d1d58722eba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-25T12:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 organizacao_industria.pdf: 1678412 bytes, checksum: 482f62737728f67942026d1d58722eba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-24 / Nenhuma / A conjuntura mundial demonstra um interesse crescente, sobre os produtos da biomassa que podem ser usados na produção de combustíveis. Este se liga à busca por alternativas que permitam enfrentar a esperada escassez de petróleo e a obtenção de fontes energéticas que diminuam os impactos da atuação humana no meio ambiente. Os combustíveis da biomassa apresentam características positivas em relação à suas emissões de gases, possibilidades de expansão de cultivo e colaboram na retenção de carbono. O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do mundo e o segundo maior produtor de etanol, ficando atrás somente dos Estados Unidos. Esse desempenho deve-se ao clima, disponibilidade de terra e ao domínio técnico existente. No Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a cultura é pouco expressiva, com área reduzida dedicada a ela, e com a produção de etanol local atendendo somente a 2% da demanda, com o restante sendo importado de outros Estados. A realidade agrária local apresenta-se formada, em sua maior parte, por pequenos produtores ligados à agricultura familiar, com propriedades e produção em baixos volumes, contrariamente ao que ocorre no restante do País, onde a organização típica dessa indústria baseia-se em grandes usinas e monocultura de cana-de-açúcar. As cooperativas que atuam, ou buscam atuar nessa indústria no Estado adotam dois modos distintos de atuação diferenciados, com níveis de produção em escalas muito inferiores aos praticados no restante do Brasil. O primeiro obtém sua sustentabilidade da produção e venda do etanol diretamente ao mercado em uma escala de atuação de maior volume e práticas alinhadas aos paradigmas dessa indústria. O segundo viabiliza-se a partir de um mix, composto de etanol para autoconsumo e comercialização, alimentos, prática de culturas diversas a partir de doutrinas agroecológicas e sistêmicas com geração de renda para os cooperados e as comunidades. Este trabalho realizou estudos de caso em quatro cooperativas, Coopercana, Cooperbio, Cooperfumos e Cooperger, que identificaram que este tipo de organização tem efeitos positivos para a obtenção de melhor escala de produção, viabilização de acesso a recursos, melhores custos de transação e obtenção de economias de escopo pelos pequenos produtores. A adoção de métodos como Zeri e outros ligados a práticas agroecológicas é tido como essencial nos projetos de três dessas organizações, mas ainda não existem avaliações que permitem valorar seu impacto no resultado das operações, e se elas conseguem obter os resultados econômicos desejados. / A world conjecture shows an increasing interest about biomass products that can be used in fuel production. This is connected to the search for alternatives that allow us to face the expected oil shortage and the obtaining of energy sources that reduce the impact of human action in the environment. The biomass fuels present positive features regarding its gas emission, possibilities of expanding cultivation and they contribute to carbon retention. Brazil is the greatest sugar-cane-producing country in the world and the second greatest ethanol-producer, following only the United States. This performance is due to the climate, to the land available and to the existing techniques. In the State of Rio Grande do Sul, the culture is not much expressive, with short area dedicated to it, and local ethanol production answering to only 2% of demand, with remaining being imported from other States. The local agrarian reality is mostly formed by small producers connected to family agriculture, with small land and production, being the opposite to what happens in the other regions of the country, when the typical organization of this industry is based on large refinery and monoculture of sugar cane. The cooperatives that act, or try to act in this industry in the state adopt two different ways to action, with levels of production in very inferior scales in relation to those practiced in the other regions of Brazil. The first one obtains its maintenance from the production and purchase of ethanol directly to the market in an action scale of larger volume and practices according to the paradigms of this industry. The second one is feasible from a mixture formed by ethanol to self-consumption and purchasing, food, varied cultures from agriecological and systemic doctrines with income generation to producers and community. This work has carried out case studies in four cooperatives Coopercana, Cooperbio, Cooperfumos and Cooperger that have identified that this type of organization have positive effects to the acquisition of better production scale, making feasible the access to resources, better costs of negotiation and acquisition of purpose economics by small producers. The adoption of methods such Zeri and others connected to agriecological practices is seen as essential in projects of three organizations of those mentioned above but still there are not assessments that can measure the impact of those methods in the result of the operations, and whether they can obtain the expected economical results.
4

O Distrito Industrial de Joinville / SC (1975-2007): análise crítica e propositiva / The Industrial District of Joinville/SC (1975-2007): a critical and suggestive analysis

Nilzete Farias Hoenicke 25 October 2007 (has links)
Esta tese de doutoramento está voltada ao estudo do Distrito Industrial de Joinville, importante centro industrial de Santa Catarina. Realiza uma avaliação crítica do Plano e Implantação do Distrito Industrial sob o ponto de vista dos resultados práticos obtidos, haja vista o seu quadro atual de sub-ocupação. A abordagem inicia com a discussão a respeito da origem dessa prática no Brasil por volta dos anos 70, fruto de uma política de desenvolvimento urbano via industrialização. Aponta, que por iniciativa dos Governos Federal e Estadual, foram criadas em muitas cidades fora de regiões já congestionadas como São Paulo, áreas dotadas de infra-estrutura básica e subsídios para implantação de unidades industriais, denominadas distritos industriais. Segue com a busca do referencial teórico demonstrando conhecimentos publicados acerca de novos padrões de localização industrial como resultado do processo de reestruturação produtiva em curso, reflexo da globalização. Procura esclarecer as diversas interpretações acerca do termo distrito industrial, situando o leitor quanto ao conceito brasileiro e quanto aos condicionantes técnicos e urbanísticos que eram observados na sua implantação. Posto o referencial teórico, o trabalho realiza uma abordagem sobre o processo de industrialização de Joinville, investigando a dinâmica industrial no território e o respectivo acompanhamento da legislação urbanística. Passa então a uma análise específica do Distrito Industrial de Joinville, da concepção à conseqüente regulamentação em 1975 até o processo gradual de implantação, atestando a limitação dessa prática urbanística comprovada pelos resultados tão abaixo do esperado num dos maiores pólos industriais do Sul do Brasil que representa Joinville. Finaliza com algumas diretrizes urbanísticas relativas à localização e promoção industrial no município. / The aim of this doctoral thesis is to study the Industrial District of Joinville, an important industrial center in Santa Catarina. It makes a critical evaluation of the Plan and Introduction of the Industrial District according to the practical results obtained, taking into account its current situation of reduced area occupation. The approach begins with the discussion about the origin of this practice in Brazil around the 1970s, as a result of an urban development policy by means of industrialization. It shows that, due to initiative of the federal and state governments, areas with basic infrastructure and subsidies for introduction of industrial units (called industrial districts) were created in many cities outside already crowded regions such as São Paulo. It continues with the search of the theoretical conditioning factor showing information published about the new patterns of industrial localization as a result of the process of productive restructuring in course as a reflection of globalization. The aim is to clarify several interpretations about the industrial district designation, giving an idea to the reader about the Brazilian concept and about the technical and urbanistic conditioning factors which were observed during its introduction. After explaining the theoretical conditioning factor, this paper makes an approach on the industrialization process in Joinville, investigating the industrial process in the territory and the respective follow-up of the urbanistic legislation. Afterwards it makes a specific analysis of the Industrial District of Joinville from its conception to the consequent regulation in 1975 up to the gradual introduction process, confirming the limitation of this urbanistic practice shown by the results which were so much under the level expected in one of the biggest industrial centers in the south of Brazil represented by Joinville. It ends by showing some urban guidelines concerned to the localization and industrial promotion in the municipality.
5

Zeithandeln in Projektarbeit: Neue Herausforderungen für das Arbeitsvermögen und die Arbeitszeitgestaltung von Beschäftigten in der IT-Branche

Meissner, Frank 25 June 2013 (has links)
Am Beispiel von Projektarbeit in der IT-Branche werden die Auswirkungen neuer Managementkonzepte auf die Zeitsouveränität von Projektbeschäftigten anhand qualitativer Interviews untersucht. Flexible Formen der Arbeitsorganisation zielen auf eine Veränderung des Arbeitskraftvermögens hin zu größerer Autonomie und Übernahme betrieblicher Verantwortung durch die Beschäftigten. Mit den veränderten Kontrollformen des Managements modifizieren sich die betrieblichen Machtverhältnisse. Im Konzept des Zeithandelns werden die aktiven Gestaltungsleistungen der Beschäftigten bei der Arbeitszeitgestaltung hervorgehoben, gleichzeitig können verschiedene zeitsoziologische Theorien integriert werden. Wesentliches Ergebnis der empirischen Untersuchung verschiedener Arbeitszeitkulturen in IT-Betrieben ist eine Machtverschiebung zugunsten des Managements. Auf Seiten der abhängig Beschäftigten ist positiv zu verbuchen: eine größere Autonomie in der Arbeit, die Ausdifferenzierung eigenständiger Zeitstile sowie eine hohe Wertschätzung und Anerkennung durch Vorgesetzte. Dagegen stehen restriktive Rahmenbedingungen wie Zeitdruck, ungünstige Bedingungen für die Work-Life-Balance und starke zeitliche und gedankliche Vereinnahmung der Beschäftigten durch den Betrieb. Durch das Fehlen kollektiver Formen der Interessenvertretung und einen defensiven Konfliktumgangsstil sind die betrieblichen Beziehungen durch individuelle Aushandlungsprozesse geprägt.

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