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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Collaborer et intéragir dans les bureaux : l'émergence matérielle, verbale et incarnée de l'organisation / Collaboration and interactions in office work : the material, verbal and embodied emergence of organisations

Tuncer, Sylvaine 11 June 2014 (has links)
La thèse donne à voir et à comprendre en quoi consistent les organisations et l’expérience du travail dans les organisations à partir de l’analyse d’interactions verbales, corporelles et matérielles filmées dans des bureaux. Développant une approche praxéologique originale du côté de la recherche sur les organisations, nous contribuons en outre aux travaux sur les interactions en interrogeant la présence de l’institution dans des formats interactionnels, dans une démarche comparative que permet le corpus. L’exposition de notre ancrage théorique au croisement de ces courants nous conduit à une question épistémologique : est-il possible d’extraire des interactions en coprésence le Quoi du travail d’organisation, tel que l’ethnométhodologie a pu le formuler pour le travail professionnel ? Les résultats empiriques de l’enquête sont ensuite présentés dans cinq chapitres, chacun consacré à un phénomène ou moment de la vie dans les bureaux : les ouvertures des visites, les clôtures des visites, les appels téléphoniques pendant une interaction en coprésence, la mobilisation dans l’interaction du dispositif vidéo, et enfin les réajustements du cadre de participation. La comparaison des différents environnements de travail, des régularités au sein de chacun et entre eux, permet certaines découvertes. / The thesis endeavours to show and understand the very stuff of organisations and the experience of work in organisations, starting from the analysis of verbal, embodied and material interactions filmed in offices. Developing a praxeological, original approach within theories of organisation, we also aim to contribute to research on interactions by putting to question the relevance of institution within interactional patterns, through the comparative approach enabled by our corpus. A theoretical anchorage at the crossroads of these currents being set, we are lead to an epistemological question: is it possible to extract out of copresent interactions the What of organizing work, the way ethnomethodology did with studies of work? We present in the next five chapters our empirical results, each concerning one phenomenon or sequence of work in offices: opening a visit, closing a visit, answering an incoming phonecall during a copresent interaction, formulating the video cameras in interaction, and finally reajusting participation frame. Comparison of various work settings, of regularities between and within them, leads to some discoveries.
2

Probing sequence-level instructions for gene expression / Etude des instructions pour l’expression des gènes présentes dans la séquence ADN

Taha, May 28 November 2018 (has links)
La régulation des gènes est fortement contrôlée afin d’assurer une large variété de types cellulaires ayant des fonctions spécifiques. Ces contrôles prennent place à différents niveaux et sont associés à différentes régions génomiques régulatrices. Il est donc essentiel de comprendre les mécanismes à la base des régulations géniques dans les différents types cellulaires, dans le but d’identifier les régulateurs clés. Plusieurs études tentent de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de régulation en modulant l’expression des gènes par des approches épigénétiques. Cependant, ces approches sont basées sur des données expérimentales limitées à quelques échantillons, et sont à la fois couteuses et chronophages. Par ailleurs, les constituants nécessaires à la régulation des gènes au niveau des séquences ne peut pas être capturées par ces approches. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’expliquer l’expression des ARNm en se basant uniquement sur les séquences d’ADN.Dans une première partie, nous utilisons le modèle de régression linéaire avec pénalisation Lasso pour prédire l’expression des gènes par l’intermédiaire des caractéristique de l’ADN comme la composition nucléotidique et les sites de fixation des facteurs de transcription. La précision de cette approche a été mesurée sur plusieurs données provenant de la base de donnée TCGA et nous avons trouvé des performances similaires aux modèles ajustés aux données expérimentales. Nous avons montré que la composition nucléotidique a un impact majeur sur l’expression des gènes. De plus, l’influence de chaque régions régulatrices est évaluée et l’effet du corps de gène, spécialement les introns semble être clé dans la prédiction de l’expression. En second partie, nous présentons une tentative d’amélioration des performances du modèle. D’abord, nous considérons inclure dans le modèles les interactions entres les différents variables et appliquer des transformations non linéaires sur les variables prédictives. Cela induit une légère augmentation des performances du modèles. Pour aller plus loin, des modèles d’apprentissage profond sont étudiés. Deux types de réseaux de neurones sont considérés : Les perceptrons multicouches et les réseaux de convolutions.Les paramètres de chaque neurone sont optimisés. Les performances des deux types de réseaux semblent être plus élevées que celles du modèle de régression linéaire pénalisée par Lasso. Les travaux de cette thèse nous ont permis (i) de démontrer l’existence des instructions au niveau de la séquence en relation avec l’expression des gènes, et (ii) de fournir différents cadres de travail basés sur des approches complémentaires. Des travaux complémentaires sont en cours en particulier sur le deep learning, dans le but de détecter des informations supplémentaires présentes dans les séquences. / Gene regulation is tightly controlled to ensure a wide variety of cell types and functions. These controls take place at different levels and are associated with different genomic regulatory regions. An actual challenge is to understand how the gene regulation machinery works in each cell type and to identify the most important regulators. Several studies attempt to understand the regulatory mechanisms by modeling gene expression using epigenetic marks. Nonetheless, these approaches rely on experimental data which are limited to some samples, costly and time-consuming. Besides, the important component of gene regulation based at the sequence level cannot be captured by these approaches. The main objective of this thesis is to explain mRNA expression based only on DNA sequences features. In a first work, we use Lasso penalized linear regression to predict gene expression using DNA features such as transcription factor binding site (motifs) and nucleotide compositions. We measured the accuracy of our approach on several data from the TCGA database and find similar performance as that of models fitted with experimental data. In addition, we show that nucleotide compositions of different regulatory regions have a major impact on gene expression. Furthermore, we rank the influence of each regulatory regions and show a strong effect of the gene body, especially introns.In a second part, we try to increase the performances of the model. We first consider adding interactions between nucleotide compositions and applying non-linear transformations on predictive variables. This induces a slight increase in model performances.To go one step further, we then learn deep neuronal networks. We consider two types of neural networks: multilayer perceptrons and convolution networks. Hyperparameters of each network are optimized. The performances of both types of networks appear slightly higher than those of a Lasso penalized linear model. In this thesis, we were able to (i) demonstrate the existence of sequence-level instructions for gene expression and (ii) provide different frameworks based on complementary approaches. Additional work is ongoing, in particular with the last direction based on deep learning, with the aim of detecting additional information present in the sequence.
3

Talking sticks and BMW's: ritual, power and authority in a psychotherapy training placement

Jansen, Shahieda 01 January 2002 (has links)
This study explores trainees' experiences of power dynamics within a ritualised training context, with reference to the three major aspects of the study: training, ritual and power. The psychotherapeutic training took place at Agape, a community-based counselling service in Mamelodi, whose theoretical approach to training included a mixture of postmodern, ecosystemic and African traditions. A substantial literature survey examines the major concepts and issues related to the research subject, such as psychotherapeutic training approaches, the philosophies and theories that may inform training procedures, ritual practices in psychotherapy, and organisational and power aspects of psychotherapeutic training. The research process was executed using the qualitative, interpretive research methodology. A sample of six of the trainees who had completed their training at this placement was interviewed, and two of the trainers. The researcher's reflections on her own training experiences are woven into the material. Using the interview technique and through asking a series of open-ended questions, the researcher obtained an account of the subjective, sacralised training interactions at Agape. Themes were identified that had emerged during the interview process. In brief, the themes referred to trainees' theoretical and practical experiences in the training placement, how they made sense of the sacralised therapeutic experiences, and comments on their relationship with trainers and fellow trainees. The most common theme that emerged was that of power. The end product of this study portrays the trainees' understandings of power within a sacralised psychotherapeutic context and their responses to this. This study makes explicit the links between ritualisation and power within an evaluative psychotherapeutic training context, and the consequences of this for training. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)
4

Talking sticks and BMW's: ritual, power and authority in a psychotherapy training placement

Jansen, Shahieda 01 January 2002 (has links)
This study explores trainees' experiences of power dynamics within a ritualised training context, with reference to the three major aspects of the study: training, ritual and power. The psychotherapeutic training took place at Agape, a community-based counselling service in Mamelodi, whose theoretical approach to training included a mixture of postmodern, ecosystemic and African traditions. A substantial literature survey examines the major concepts and issues related to the research subject, such as psychotherapeutic training approaches, the philosophies and theories that may inform training procedures, ritual practices in psychotherapy, and organisational and power aspects of psychotherapeutic training. The research process was executed using the qualitative, interpretive research methodology. A sample of six of the trainees who had completed their training at this placement was interviewed, and two of the trainers. The researcher's reflections on her own training experiences are woven into the material. Using the interview technique and through asking a series of open-ended questions, the researcher obtained an account of the subjective, sacralised training interactions at Agape. Themes were identified that had emerged during the interview process. In brief, the themes referred to trainees' theoretical and practical experiences in the training placement, how they made sense of the sacralised therapeutic experiences, and comments on their relationship with trainers and fellow trainees. The most common theme that emerged was that of power. The end product of this study portrays the trainees' understandings of power within a sacralised psychotherapeutic context and their responses to this. This study makes explicit the links between ritualisation and power within an evaluative psychotherapeutic training context, and the consequences of this for training. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

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