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Planetary Geological Science and Aerospace Systems Engineering Applications of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing for Earth, Mars, and the Outer BodiesJanuary 2018 (has links)
abstract: Many planetary science missions study thermophysical properties of surfaces using infrared spectrometers and infrared cameras. Thermal inertia is a frequently derived thermophysical property that quantifies the ability for heat to exchange through planetary surfaces.
To conceptualize thermal inertia, the diffusion equation analogies are extended using a general effusivity term: the square root of a product of conductivity and capacity terms. A hypothetical thermal inductance was investigated for diurnal planetary heating. The hyperbolic heat diffusion equation was solved to derive an augmented thermal inertia. The hypothetical thermal inductance was modeled with negligible effect on Mars.
Extending spectral performance of infrared cameras was desired for colder bodies in the outer solar system where peak infrared emission is at longer wavelengths. The far-infrared response of an infrared microbolometer array with a retrofitted diamond window was determined using an OSIRIS-REx—OTES interferometer. An instrument response function of the diamond interferometer-microbolometer system shows extended peak performance from 15 µm out to 20 µm and 40% performance to at least 30 µm. The results are folded into E-THEMIS for the NASA flagship mission: Europa Clipper.
Infrared camera systems are desired for the expanding smallsat community that can inherit risk and relax performance requirements. The Thermal-camera for Exploration, Science, and Imaging Spacecraft (THESIS) was developed for the Prox-1 microsat mission. THESIS, incorporating 2001 Mars Odyssey—THEMIS experience, consists of an infrared camera, a visible camera, and an instrument computer. THESIS was planned to provide images for demonstrating autonomous proximity operations between two spacecraft, verifying deployment of the Planetary Society’s LightSail-B, and conducting remote sensing of Earth. Prox-1—THESIS was selected as the finalist for the competed University Nanosatellite Program-7 and was awarded a launch on the maiden commercial SpaceX Falcon Heavy. THESIS captures 8-12 µm IR images with 100 mm optics and RGB color images with 25 mm optics. The instrument computer was capable of instrument commanding, automatic data processing, image storage, and telemetry recording. The completed THESIS has a mass of 2.04 kg, a combined volume of 3U, and uses 7W of power. THESIS was designed, fabricated, integrated, and tested in ASU’s 100K clean lab. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Geological Sciences 2018
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Avaliação de inércia e amortecimento hidrodinâmicos em seções bidimensionais oscilando em balanço: influência de propriedades geométricas e inerciais. / Evaluation of added inertia and hydrodynamic damping in rolling two dimensional sections: influence of geometric and inertial properties.Hélio Corrêa da Silva Júnior 17 January 2012 (has links)
Consideram-se neste trabalho seções bidimensionais oscilando em balanço. Adotam-se modelos representativos do movimento segundo este único grau de liberdade. Estimam-se os parâmetros de inércia e de amortecimento hidrodinâmicos por meio de experimentos de decaimento. Simulações numéricas incorporando os parâmetros estimados experimentalmente, bem como previsões empíricas de resultados da literatura, são confrontadas à registros experimentais para verificação da adequação das previsões, e para avaliação da adequação dos modelos à representação da dinâmica da oscilação. Com a metodologia de análise escolhida, avalia-se a influência de determinados parâmetros sobre as propriedades hidrodinâmicas; consideram-se variações: de proporções da seção, de posição vertical do centro de massa, de inércia própria em balanço, de forma do bojo, e quanto a presença de bolina e suas proporções. Também é considerada a influência do ângulo inicial de banda nas propriedades hidrodinâmicas, bem como a participação da energia irradiada pela onda na energia acumulada pelo sistema anterior ao início do movimento. Os elementos anteriores levam à proposição de orientações para avaliação da influência das propriedades geométricas e inerciais no comportamento do casco em balanço. / The scope of this work is the verification of hydrodynamic properties of two dimensional rolling sections. Analytical models of a single degree-of-freedom movement are adopted. The added inertia and damping are estimated by free decay tests. Numerical simulations with the obtained experimental parameters as well as empirical literature results are compared to the data tests in order to verify the adequacy of the procedures. With the chosen method of analysis, the influence of the hydrodynamic parameters are verified. The following parameters are considered: the beam draft ratio, vertical position of center of gravity, moment inertia, bilge shape and the addition or not of bilge keels. The initial angle of roll is also considered as well as the transport of the energy accumulated before the decay by the wave generated by the movement of the model. These elements lead to the proposition of orientations for the verification of the influence of geometric and inertial properties in the behave of rolling two-dimensional sections.
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O centro de massa e aplicaÃÃes à geometria / The center of mass and geometry applicationsLÃcio Laertti Rios Cajazeiras 18 June 2016 (has links)
Muitas sÃo as ferramentas desenvolvidas para a resoluÃÃo de problemas de Geometria Euclidiana. O presente estudo apresenta uma ferramenta baseada no conceito fÃsico de centro de massa, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de habilidades necessÃrias na resoluÃÃo de problemas geomÃtricos, principalmente em relaÃÃo Ãs questÃes apresentadas em OlimpÃadas de MatemÃticas, tanto no Ensino Fundamental como no Ensino MÃdio. / There are many tools developed for solving Euclidean Geometry problems. This study presents a tool based on the physical concept of center of mass, allowing the development of the skills needed to solve geometric problems, especially the ones presented in Mathematics Olympiads, both in Elementary School and in High School.
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Contribuição da inércia térmica na eficiência energética de edifícios de escritórios na cidade de São Paulo. / Effect of the thermal inertia on the energy performance of office buildings in the city of São Paulo.Adriana Camargo de Brito 02 October 2015 (has links)
Diante das crises energéticas mundiais é oportuna a retomada de técnicas passivas de climatização de ambientes, como aquelas que consideram a inércia térmica das edificações. No Brasil é reconhecida a sua importância na melhoria do desempenho térmico de habitações, como indicado na norma NBR 15575 que, no método simplificado de avaliação do desempenho térmico, estabelece valores limites para a transmitância térmica e para a capacidade térmica de paredes, de modo a contemplar a influência da inércia térmica. Entretanto, não se dispõe de informações que permitam extrapolar esses critérios para edifícios de escritórios, que têm diferentes dinâmicas de uso e volumetria. Tendo como principal objetivo apresentar recomendações e critérios para o projeto de edifícios de escritórios na cidade de São Paulo, onde a inércia térmica dos ambientes pode contribuir para a redução ou a eliminação do uso de sistemas de ar condicionado, foi desenvolvido o presente trabalho. Para tal foram efetuadas simulações computacionais da resposta térmica de escritórios, analisados com variações nos seguintes parâmetros: área de piso; proporção de área na fachada em relação ao seu volume; nível de ocupação; taxa de ventilação; cor da fachada; sombreamento de aberturas; tipo de parede e temperatura de referência para o conforto térmico dos usuários. De modo geral, os resultados demonstraram que: ambientes ocupados, com paredes de maior capacidade térmica, menor área de piso e maior área na fachada em relação ao volume do ambiente, têm melhor desempenho térmico, especialmente com o uso de cores claras nas fachadas e dispositivos de sombreamento em aberturas. Tais características têm contribuição mais significativa na redução da demanda por climatização de ambientes somente se for adotada uma temperatura de referência do ar interior acima dos valores tipicamente usados nessas edificações. As recomendações e critérios apresentados para o projeto de escritórios consideram o uso de ambientes com ventilação, utilizando-se sistemas de climatização somente em menos de 15% das horas de um ano típico da cidade de São Paulo. / The global energy crises provide a further reason to use passive techniques, such as the thermal inertia, for cooling buildings. In Brazil, the importance of thermal inertia for the improvement of the thermal performance of dwellings is recognized and has been incorporated into the standard NBR 15575. For the assessment of the thermal performance, this standard establishes limit values for the thermal transmittance and the thermal capacity of walls, taking into account the influence of thermal inertia. However, there is no equivalent information available for offices, which can have very different characteristics. This thesis develops recommendations and criteria for the design of office buildings in the city of São Paulo, where the thermal inertia contributes to a reduction of energy consumption for cooling. Parametric simulations of typical offices were performed, varying the following parameters: floor area; façade-surface-area/volume ratio; internal gains (people, equipment etc.); ventilation rate; facade color and shading. The results showed that offices with walls made of components with higher thermal capacity, smaller floor area and larger façade-surface-area/volume ratio have better thermal performance. Light colors of the façade, shading devices and increased ventilation rate provided further improvement in the thermal performance of the offices. These characteristics may have significant contribution in reducing the energy demand for cooling depending on the value of the inside air temperature adopted. The recommendations and criteria presented for design of offices consider the use of air conditioning in less than 15% of the hours in a typical year in the city of São Paulo.
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Éléments sur la transition vers du capital bas carbone / Essays on the transition to clean capitalVogt-Schilb, Adrien 03 November 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse montre que bien que les gaz à effet de serre (GES) représentent une pollution de stock qui impose un cout virtuel du carbone croissant dans le temps, il peut être socialement désirable d'investir des maintenant dans le déploiement de mesures couteuses de réductions d'émissions de GES. Ce résultat découle uniquement de la prise en compte de l'inertie inhérente à l'accumulation de capital bas carbone, en l'absence de toute autre imperfection de marché. De plus, cette thèse montre que des gouvernements imparfaits (c'est-à-dire qui ne peuvent pas s'engager sur une trajectoire parfaitement crédible de prix du carbone, ou ne peuvent pas compenser parfaitement les perdants de la mise en place de ce prix) peuvent avoir intérêt à utiliser des instruments de politiques sectoriels qui influencent directement les décisions d'investissements. Ces instruments peuvent être plus effectifs et plus acceptables que le prix du carbone / This thesis shows that while greenhouse gases are a stock pollution that imposes a shadow carbon cost that increases over time, it may be socially desirable to invest now in the deployment of expensive emission-reduction measures. This results solely from taking into account inertia inherent to the accumulation of low-carbon capital, in the absence of any other market imperfection. This thesis also covers the choice of policy instruments that imperfect governments can use to ensure the market implement these investments. It suggests that if governments cannot commit credibly to a carbon price path, or cannot fully compensate the losers from the introduction of a carbon price, then sector-scale policy instruments that incentivize investment in clean capital may be more effective and more acceptable than the carbon price
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The Effects of Alterations to Upper Limb Inertial Properties on Vertical Point-to-Point MovementHongo, Adrian K 01 March 2009 (has links)
Purpose: Several studies have examined intralimb coordination between the shoulder and elbow joints during target-oriented movements. These studies have observed consistent patterns in coordination despite changes in movement variables such as speed, direction, and inertia. Researchers used intersegmental dynamics to quantitatively analyze these patterns between shoulder and elbow joints while systematically changing values of these movement variables. Some studies have examined central nervous system adaptations to inertial changes at the elbow and entire arm during a movement, but none have examined inertial changes to the upper limb. Methods: Five male and five female participants aged 27 to 39 years (mean age = 33 ± 4.3 standard deviation) performed a maximal speed, point-to-point, reversal hand movement in the sagittal plane with and without a 2.2 kg. weight attached to their dominant, right upper arm. To determine the effects of the added mass, dependent t-tests were performed on elbow and shoulder peak muscular torques generated during the reversal region of the movement. Results: A significant increase in shoulder joint torque (p < 0.05), a significant increase in movement time (p < 0.05) and a non-significant decrease in elbow muscular torque (p = 0.1074) was shown to achieve the movement objective with the added weight. Conclusions: While future studies may result in more conclusive findings, this study showed a pattern of increased shoulder torque and decreased elbow torque due to the added inertia. Larger shoulder torque was needed to overcome the added inertia and move at high speed. As a result of the higher shoulder force, interaction torque at the elbow increased, and a reduction in elbow torque was needed to control the hand path and accurately hit the targets. This pattern supports Bernstein’s proposal that passively arising phenomena (i.e., interaction torque) is exploited during multi-segment movement.
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Měření setrvačných charakteristik těles pro účely matematického modelování dynamiky vozidel / Measurement of Inertia properties of bodies for the purpose of mathematical modeling of vehicle dynamicsDvořák, Karel January 2008 (has links)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to create a concept of methods that can be used for measurement of important mechanical inertia properties of bodies -- the coordinates of center of gravity and the the moment of inertia tensor, in case we don't have 3D model of these bodies. The thesis divides this problem into several sub-problems and suggests the solutions for each of them. Required equipment was created and measurement was carried out. At the end the measured values are compared with the teoretical ones and accuracy of this method is determined.
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Výpočtový model vyvažovací jednotky řadového pětiválcového motoru v multi-body systému / Topical Design Model of Balancing Unit for 5-cylinder In-line Engine in Multi-body SystemJadrný, Jan January 2008 (has links)
The diploma thesis deals with a calculation and a construction concept of a balancing unit of a strait five cylinder combustion engine. The thesis contains the calculation and the construction concept of the balancing shafts. Also the concept of the calculation model of a driving mechanism with the balancing unit in MSC Adams – Engine is included.
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Měření hmotnostních parametrů vozidel / Measurement of the Weight Parameters of VehiclesRücker, Jan January 2012 (has links)
This thesis is the first part deals with methods of determining weight parameters of vehicles. By measuring the position of center of gravity and inertia measurements. In the second part focuses on the measurement of gravity position in a selected group of vehicles Škoda and their comparison between vehicles and comparison with simulation programs PCcrach and Virtual crach.
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Inertia among Early Stage Employees towards New Technology in an International Sales OrganizationBaldeon Eizaguirre, Maria Claudia, Haavisto, Mirjami January 2020 (has links)
According to previous studies, inertia towards new technology is broadly researched in established companies, specifically among senior employees. However, the existing literature leaves a research gap for inertia experienced among young employees, specifically in an organization that operates in the information technology industry. This study aims to investigate inertia among early stage employees towards new technology. The main purpose of this study is to answer the research question: How to overcome inertia of multinational early stage employees towards the new technology in their daily workflow in an international sales organization? To answer the research question, a qualitative research approach was chosen, and a single case study was conducted. The empirical data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. The scope of research is limited to the sales development representatives of Company A, who are based in EMEA. After the data collection, the analysis was carried out with a thematic coding approach. The findings showed that the managers are having tremendous responsibility when it comes to the adoption process of a new digital tool, and some of them are not showing interest towards the new technology. Hence, the lack of communication was concluded as the main cause of inertia among young employees. The authors created a framework for fighting against inertia (FAI). The use of FAI framework results in supporting the management team to overcome resistance towards new technology.
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