Plasticity of residual cortical tissue has been identified as an important mediator of functional post-stroke recovery. After neonatal stroke the thickness of residual tissue can change, the tissue can move, and tissue can fill in the stroke core. Nevertheless, the majority of preclinical stroke research utilizes adult rats. Thus, the purpose of the present thesis was to systematically document such gross morphological changes in peri-infarct tissue after stroke in the adult rat. Morphological changes were assessed in pial strip devascularization, photothrombotic occlusion, and middle cerebral artery occlusion models of stroke using histological and magnetic resonance imaging. Decreases in cortical thickness, volume, and neural density were found to extend far beyond the stroke infarct and included the sensorimotor regions of the intact hemisphere. Movement of residual tissue towards the infarct was observed and confirmed using anatomical markers placed in intact cortical tissue at the time of stroke induction. I conclude that the extensive time-dependent morphological changes that occur in residual cortical tissue must be considered when evaluating plasticity-related cortical changes associated with post-stroke recovery of function. / ix, 162 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm

"The Relationship Between the Effect of Uncertainty and Perceived Support Role Performance in Spouses of PostMyocardial Infarction Clients."Little understanding of the relationship between the illness of a family member and family functioning is provided in recent studies.Studies have indicated that recovery from an illness crisis can be influenced by support from the family. The purpose of this study was to examine spouses of myocardial infarction patients for the relationship between perceived support role performance and the uncertainty regarding the illness of the patient. The population studied consisted of a convenience sample of 36 spouses of patients currently enrolled in Phase II of a cardiac rehabilitation program in a community hospital. Human subjects rights were protected. The hypothesis examined was that "uncertainty has a direct negative relationship to perception of support role performance. Study findings also did not indicate any relationships between the variables of age, gender, support role performance, and uncertainty. The results of the study could be used in planning support groups for spouses of myocardial infarction patients and to provide opportunities for the patient and spouse to form attitudes and acquire skills to master the changes in psychological, social, and physical status. The hospital course of individuals having experienced an acute coronary event is frequently characterized by emotional distress. Nurses can assist family members to identify emotional stresses and intervene to decrease emotional stress. Uncertainty is one factor that can play a role in the perception of illness-related events. / School of Nursing

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2006. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-80).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2006. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-80).

Background: The early non-invasive discrimination of Type 2 versus Type 1 Myocardial Infarction (T2MI, T1MI) is a major unmet clinical need. We aimed to externally validate a recently derived clinical score (Neumann) combing female sex, no radiating chest pain, and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentration ≤40.8 ng/L. Methods: Patients presenting with acute chest discomfort to the emergency department were prospectively enrolled into an international multicenter diagnostic study. The final diagnoses of T2MI and T1MI were centrally adjudicated by two independent cardiologists using all information including cardiac imaging and serial measurements of hs-cTnT/I according to the fourth universal definition of MI. Model performance for T2MI diagnosis was assessed by formal tests and graphical means of discrimination and calibration. Results: Among 6684 enrolled patients, MI was the adjudicated final diagnosis in 1079 (19%) patients, of which 242 (22%) had T2MI. External validation of the Neumann Score showed a moderate discrimination (C-statistic 0.67 (95%CI 0.64–0.71)). Model calibration showed underestimation of the predicted probabilities of having T2MI for low point scores. Model extension by adding the binary variable heart rate >120/min significantly improved model performance (C-statistic 0.73 (95% CI 0.70–0.76, p < 0.001) and had good calibration. Patients with the highest score values of 3 (Neumann Score, 9.9%) and 5 (Extended Neumann Score, 3.3%) had a 53% and 91% predicted probability of T2MI, respectively. Conclusion: The Neumann Score provided moderate discrimination and suboptimal calibration. Extending the Neumann Score by adding heart rate >120/min improved the model’s performance.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O infarto agudo do miocÃrdio (IAM), definido como a morte do mÃsculo cardÃaco decorrente de isquemia, à um dos diagnÃsticos mais comuns em pacientes hospitalizados nos paÃses industrializados. Para se estudar efeitos de drogas sobre a injÃria miocÃrdica decorrente de IAM, um dos modelos experimentais bastante utilizado à a induÃÃo de infarto do mocÃrdio (IM) com administraÃÃo de isoproterenol em ratos, uma vez que esta substÃncia causa uma lesÃo miocÃrdica semelhante a observada em IAM nos humanos. Nesse estudo o Ãleo essencial de Alpinia zerumbet, na dose de 100 mg/kg de peso, administrado por catroze dias consecutivos, foi avaliado no infarto do miocÃrdio induzido por isoproterenol (150 mg/kg de peso do animal) em ratos wistar. A injÃria miocÃrdica induzida pelo isoproterenol foi indicada pela elevaÃÃo de marcadores de injÃria miocÃrdica, como TGO e troponina I, reduÃÃo dos nÃveis de catalase e glutationa, bem como por alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas avaliadas no Ãpice do ventrÃculo esquerdo. Avaliou-se ainda a mortalidade, os nÃveis de hemoglobina, contagem de leucÃcitos e neutrÃfilos e nÃveis de marcadores da funÃÃo renal. O prÃ-tratamento com o Ãleo essencial de Alpinia zerumbet apresentou efeitos protetores no infarto do miocÃrdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos, uma vez: atenuou as elevaÃÃes de TGO e troponina I; atenuou a elevaÃÃo do nÃmero de neutrÃfilos; preservou os nÃveis de catalase no miocÃrdio e preservou os nÃveis de glutationa no miocÃrdio. No entanto, nÃo exerceu efeitos sobre: mortalidade, variaÃÃo do peso dos animais; nÃveis sÃricos de TGP; nÃveis sÃricos de hemoglobina e contagem de leucÃcitos; nÃveis sÃricos de marcadores da funÃÃo renal; alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas no Ãpice do ventrÃculo esquerdo. Os provÃveis mecanismos de aÃÃo responsÃveis pelos efeitos benÃficos deste Ãleo em reduzir o grau de injÃria miocÃrdica neste modelo experimental podem estar relacionados a propriedades antioxidantes e em aumento dos nÃveis de Ãxido nÃtrico. / O infarto agudo do miocÃrdio (IAM), definido como a morte do mÃsculo cardÃaco decorrente de isquemia, à um dos diagnÃsticos mais comuns em pacientes hospitalizados nos paÃses industrializados. Para se estudar efeitos de drogas sobre a injÃria miocÃrdica decorrente de IAM, um dos modelos experimentais bastante utilizado à a induÃÃo de infarto do mocÃrdio (IM) com administraÃÃo de isoproterenol em ratos, uma vez que esta substÃncia causa uma lesÃo miocÃrdica semelhante a observada em IAM nos humanos. Nesse estudo o Ãleo essencial de Alpinia zerumbet, na dose de 100 mg/kg de peso, administrado por catroze dias consecutivos, foi avaliado no infarto do miocÃrdio induzido por isoproterenol (150 mg/kg de peso do animal) em ratos wistar. A injÃria miocÃrdica induzida pelo isoproterenol foi indicada pela elevaÃÃo de marcadores de injÃria miocÃrdica, como TGO e troponina I, reduÃÃo dos nÃveis de catalase e glutationa, bem como por alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas avaliadas no Ãpice do ventrÃculo esquerdo. Avaliou-se ainda a mortalidade, os nÃveis de hemoglobina, contagem de leucÃcitos e neutrÃfilos e nÃveis de marcadores da funÃÃo renal. O prÃ-tratamento com o Ãleo essencial de Alpinia zerumbet apresentou efeitos protetores no infarto do miocÃrdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos, uma vez: atenuou as elevaÃÃes de TGO e troponina I; atenuou a elevaÃÃo do nÃmero de neutrÃfilos; preservou os nÃveis de catalase no miocÃrdio e preservou os nÃveis de glutationa no miocÃrdio. No entanto, nÃo exerceu efeitos sobre: mortalidade, variaÃÃo do peso dos animais; nÃveis sÃricos de TGP; nÃveis sÃricos de hemoglobina e contagem de leucÃcitos; nÃveis sÃricos de marcadores da funÃÃo renal; alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas no Ãpice do ventrÃculo esquerdo. Os provÃveis mecanismos de aÃÃo responsÃveis pelos efeitos benÃficos deste Ãleo em reduzir o grau de injÃria miocÃrdica neste modelo experimental podem estar relacionados a propriedades antioxidantes e em aumento dos nÃveis de Ãxido nÃtrico. / O infarto agudo do miocÃrdio (IAM), definido como a morte do mÃsculo cardÃaco decorrente de isquemia, à um dos diagnÃsticos mais comuns em pacientes hospitalizados nos paÃses industrializados. Para se estudar efeitos de drogas sobre a injÃria miocÃrdica decorrente de IAM, um dos modelos experimentais bastante utilizado à a induÃÃo de infarto do mocÃrdio (IM) com administraÃÃo de isoproterenol em ratos, uma vez que esta substÃncia causa uma lesÃo miocÃrdica semelhante a observada em IAM nos humanos. Nesse estudo o Ãleo essencial de Alpinia zerumbet, na dose de 100 mg/kg de peso, administrado por catroze dias consecutivos, foi avaliado no infarto do miocÃrdio induzido por isoproterenol (150 mg/kg de peso do animal) em ratos wistar. A injÃria miocÃrdica induzida pelo isoproterenol foi indicada pela elevaÃÃo de marcadores de injÃria miocÃrdica, como TGO e troponina I, reduÃÃo dos nÃveis de catalase e glutationa, bem como por alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas avaliadas no Ãpice do ventrÃculo esquerdo. Avaliou-se ainda a mortalidade, os nÃveis de hemoglobina, contagem de leucÃcitos e neutrÃfilos e nÃveis de marcadores da funÃÃo renal. O prÃ-tratamento com o Ãleo essencial de Alpinia zerumbet apresentou efeitos protetores no infarto do miocÃrdio induzido por isoproterenol em ratos, uma vez: atenuou as elevaÃÃes de TGO e troponina I; atenuou a elevaÃÃo do nÃmero de neutrÃfilos; preservou os nÃveis de catalase no miocÃrdio e preservou os nÃveis de glutationa no miocÃrdio. No entanto, nÃo exerceu efeitos sobre: mortalidade, variaÃÃo do peso dos animais; nÃveis sÃricos de TGP; nÃveis sÃricos de hemoglobina e contagem de leucÃcitos; nÃveis sÃricos de marcadores da funÃÃo renal; alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas no Ãpice do ventrÃculo esquerdo. Os provÃveis mecanismos de aÃÃo responsÃveis pelos efeitos benÃficos deste Ãleo em reduzir o grau de injÃria miocÃrdica neste modelo experimental podem estar relacionados a propriedades antioxidantes e em aumento dos nÃveis de Ãxido nÃtrico. / Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), defined as death of the cardiac muscle after an ischemic process, is worldwide known for its frequent diagnosis within hospitalized patients in modern industrialized countries. Myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats is a very useful assay to study the effect of drugs on myocardial injury as a result of AMI, once its administration is responsible for a post-infarction human-like myocardial lesion. In this study, essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ), at a dose of 100 mg / kg, administered for fourteen consecutive days, was assessed in myocardial infarction induced by ISO (150 mg / kg bodyweight) in Wistar rats. The myocardial injury induced by ISO was indicated by elevated markers of myocardial injury, such as AST and troponin I, reduced levels of catalase and glutathione, as well as histopathological changes evaluated at the apex of the left ventricle. It was also evaluated mortality, hemoglobin levels, leukocyte and neutrophil counts and levels of markers of renal function. Pretreatment with the EOAZ showed protective effects on myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats, as attenuated the elevation of AST, Troponin I, attenuated the increased number of neutrophils; preserved the levels of catalase in the myocardium and preserved glutathione levels in the myocardium. However, do not exert any effects on mortality, weight variation of animals, serum ALT, serum levels of hemoglobin and white blood cell count, serum markers of renal function, histopathological changes in left ventricular apex. The probable mechanisms of action responsible for the beneficial effects of this oil in reduce the degree of myocardial injury in this experimental model may be related to antioxidant properties and increased levels of nitric oxide. / Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), defined as death of the cardiac muscle after an ischemic process, is worldwide known for its frequent diagnosis within hospitalized patients in modern industrialized countries. Myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats is a very useful assay to study the effect of drugs on myocardial injury as a result of AMI, once its administration is responsible for a post-infarction human-like myocardial lesion. In this study, essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ), at a dose of 100 mg / kg, administered for fourteen consecutive days, was assessed in myocardial infarction induced by ISO (150 mg / kg bodyweight) in Wistar rats. The myocardial injury induced by ISO was indicated by elevated markers of myocardial injury, such as AST and troponin I, reduced levels of catalase and glutathione, as well as histopathological changes evaluated at the apex of the left ventricle. It was also evaluated mortality, hemoglobin levels, leukocyte and neutrophil counts and levels of markers of renal function. Pretreatment with the EOAZ showed protective effects on myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats, as attenuated the elevation of AST, Troponin I, attenuated the increased number of neutrophils; preserved the levels of catalase in the myocardium and preserved glutathione levels in the myocardium. However, do not exert any effects on mortality, weight variation of animals, serum ALT, serum levels of hemoglobin and white blood cell count, serum markers of renal function, histopathological changes in left ventricular apex. The probable mechanisms of action responsible for the beneficial effects of this oil in reduce the degree of myocardial injury in this experimental model may be related to antioxidant properties and increased levels of nitric oxide. / Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), defined as death of the cardiac muscle after an ischemic process, is worldwide known for its frequent diagnosis within hospitalized patients in modern industrialized countries. Myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in rats is a very useful assay to study the effect of drugs on myocardial injury as a result of AMI, once its administration is responsible for a post-infarction human-like myocardial lesion. In this study, essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet (EOAZ), at a dose of 100 mg / kg, administered for fourteen consecutive days, was assessed in myocardial infarction induced by ISO (150 mg / kg bodyweight) in Wistar rats. The myocardial injury induced by ISO was indicated by elevated markers of myocardial injury, such as AST and troponin I, reduced levels of catalase and glutathione, as well as histopathological changes evaluated at the apex of the left ventricle. It was also evaluated mortality, hemoglobin levels, leukocyte and neutrophil counts and levels of markers of renal function. Pretreatment with the EOAZ showed protective effects on myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats, as attenuated the elevation of AST, Troponin I, attenuated the increased number of neutrophils; preserved the levels of catalase in the myocardium and preserved glutathione levels in the myocardium. However, do not exert any effects on mortality, weight variation of animals, serum ALT, serum levels of hemoglobin and white blood cell count, serum markers of renal function, histopathological changes in left ventricular apex. The probable mechanisms of action responsible for the beneficial effects of this oil in reduce the degree of myocardial injury in this experimental model may be related to antioxidant properties and increased levels of nitric oxide.