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Baggrund:Hygiejne er et nyt indsatsområde, som er skrevet ind i Sundhedsaftalerne 2011-2014. Sundhedsaftalen beskriver, at der i kommunerne er stigende behov for infektionshygiejnisk rådgivning i de kommunale institutioner. Formål:Formålet med dette studie var at undersøge, beskrive og analysere, hvordan kommuner på baggrund af Sundhedsaftalen 2011-2014arbejdermed oginterntsamarbejderom udvikling af en hygiejneorganisation. Desuden var formålet at afdække om Sundhedsstyrelsens forebyggelsespakke om hygiejne og netværksdannelsen omkring hospitalerne, havde betydning for udviklingen afhygiejneorganisation. Metode: Studiet er et kvalitativt studie,hvor det empiriske materialeblev indsamlet vedsemistrukturerede interview med medlemmer af hygiejnenetværket med hospitalet.Som analysemetode blev anvendt kvalitativ indholdsanalyse. Den teoretiske ramme for studiet er fokuseret på forskellige former for samarbejde, og styrker og svagheder ved samarbejde. Resultat:Studiet viste, at kommuner i Region Hovedstaden arbejder på forskellig vis medudvikling af en hygiejneorganisation.En afgørende faktorfor arbejdet var ledelsesforankring. Samarbejdet kompliceredes af, at kommunen blev opfattet som en stor, uoverskuelig organisation. Sundhedsaftalen, forebyggelsespakken om hygiejne og samarbejdet med hospitalet blev opfattet, som motiverende faktorer for udvikling af en hygiejneorganisation. Det blev opfattet, som en nødvendighed, at kommunen havde adgang til en hygiejnesygeplejerske, så arbejdet med hygiejne ikke kun blev baseret på interesse, men på kompetencer inden for området. Konklusion:Der er forskellige forhold, som er af afgørende betydning for samarbejde om udvikling af en kommunal hygiejneorganisation. Hygiejneorganiastionen skal være ledelsesforankret, og der skal være ledelsesgodkendte rammer for og ressourcer til arbejdet. Kommunen skal have direkte adgang til specialistviden på hygiejneområdet. / Background:Infection control isa new focus areain the intersectoral health agreements 2011-2014,which statesthat municipalities need guidance regarding infection control. Aim:The present study aimed to investigate, describe and analyze, how municipalitiesin Denmark ́s Capital Region collaborate internally while building an infection control organization. The study also aimed to determinehow hygiene suggestions from the National Board of Health and networking with hospitals affected the development of the infection control organization. Method:The empirical material of this qualitative studyincludedsemi-structured interviews with network members.Data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Theories supporting the study were different perspectives on collaboration. Results:The study found that municipalities in the Capital Region collaborate in different ways while developing an infection control organization. Management participationplayeda crucial role.. The municipality was considered a large confusing organization. Motivation factors included the health agreements, hygiene suggestions from the National Board of Health and networking with hospitals. Access to an infection control nurse was considered a necessary element, basing collaboration on competencies, rather than personal interest. Conclusion:Different circumstances are crucial when developing an infection control organization. Management must participate, and also must approve settings and resources. The municipality must have directaccess to expert knowledge about infection control / <p>ISBN 978-91-86739-81-2</p>

The purpose of the study The purpose of this research project was to develop and test an educational program for preparing Taiwanese nursing students for clinical practice. Study background The SARS outbreak revealed that health care professionals were ill-prepared for coping with the disease epidemic in terms of the rapid transmission of the infection, the high mortality and morbidity rate among health care workers, and the significant impacts on the public and health care personnel. Frontline nurses were the group at highest risk of becoming infected, as they are the health care personally that provide direct health care to infected patients. However, to date the ability of Taiwanese frontline nurses to respond to such a disease epidemic has not been examined. Study design This research project incorporated a three phase design, presented in the form of two separate studies. A small qualitative exploratory study was undertaken to validate the assumptions emerging from international literature regarding the preparedness nurses in managing an infection outbreak. The information gained was used to construct an infection control education program (Study I). A quasi-experimental design, using pre- and post-tests and experimental and control groups was then used to test the effectiveness of the education intervention (Study II). Participants A purposive sampling technique was used in the qualitative exploratory study, whereby six Taiwanese nurses who had provided direct nursing care to patients with SARS were interviewed. A convenience sampling approach was utilised in the quantitative study, which aimed to test the effectiveness of educational intervention. This, second study, had 175 participants in total, 80 in the experimental group and 95 in the control group. All participants were enrolled in the first semester of their fourth year in a five-year nursing program in two selected junior nursing colleges. The education intervention The purpose-designed standard and additional precautions (SnAP) program was the intervention. The experimental group received a SnAP program which consisted of 16 hours of classes over 16 weeks. The control group received a conventional education program. Data collection and instrument Data were collected at three time points during the study (baseline, four months, six month) using validated instrument. The reliability and validity of the instrument was established in a pilot study with a Taiwanese population prior to the present study. Data analysis t-tests and chi-square analyses were performed to assess any differences across demographic variables and baseline outcome variables between the experimental and control groups. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to examine the scores of the intervention and control groups across three time points. Results The data revealed that, at six months following the education program, there was a statistically significant improvement in the knowledge (F [2,180] =13.53, p=0.001) and confidence (F [2,94] =4.88, p= 0.01) of infection precautions in the intervention group compared to the control group. Also, the means of knowledge and confidence in intervention group showed a consistently increased across three time points; whereas, the mean of confidence relating infection control management in the control group resulted a drop at time 3. Although the application skills relating to infection control procedures did not show a statistically significant change during this period (F [2, 174] = 2.54, p=0.081), there were minor improvements in these scores at the six-month follow-up assessment. Conclusion The SnAP program had a positive impact on Taiwanese nursing students' readiness for clinical placement and potential outbreak of disease epidemics. Participation increased their knowledge about infection control precautions, their ability to properly use these specific precautions, and their confidence in solving infection-related issues in clinical practice.

Acquiring an infection during a hospital stay is a hazard for patients throughout the world. Over 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired in hospital. Five to ten per cent of patients admitted to modern hospitals in developed countries acquire one or more infections, whereas patients in developing countries have a higher risk, around two to twenty times this figure. Paediatric patients, especially neonates and infants, have an additional risk of infection because of their compromised immune system. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors which contribute to the spread of infection among children in paediatric wards in a developed and a developing country: England and Thailand. Method: An ethnographic approach was utilised to identify practices which promote or prevent the spread of infection in each country. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit ten nurses in England and ten nurses in Thailand. Ethical approval was obtained from De Montfort University (DMU), National Research Ethics Service and the ethical approval committee in Thailand. Nonparticipant observations and semi-structured interviews were the main methods of obtaining data in clinical settings. Data from the observations and interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic content analysis. Results: Hospitals in Thailand and England faced the same problems regarding attitudes, values and beliefs which contribute to infection control difficulties in children, particularly poor hand hygiene. Good attitudes and beliefs will promote good practice. Moreover, education and training can raise perceptions and promote good practice. However, in terms of different cultures and circumstances, the key factors explaining different implementations between the two countries are resources, lifestyle, and religion. Conclusion: Even within the same hospital, different backgrounds including education, cultures, policies and support result in different factors which impact on paediatric patients. Individuality and personal responsibility for infection control practice are the most significant factors influencing compliance with best practice.

<p>Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva varför följsamheten gällande handhygien ofta är låg bland vårdpersonal, samt hur man kan öka följsamheten för handhygien bland vårdpersonal. Metoden som använts var en litteraturstudie. Datainsamling skedde via databaserna Medline (PubMed), Cinahl (EBSCO host) och Academic Search Elite. Sökorden som använts: prevention, hand disinfection, hand washing, infection control, nosocomial infection och education. Totalt användes 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet delades in i två huvudrubriker: Orsaker till att följsamheten ofta är låg bland vårdpersonal och faktorer som kan öka följsamheten gällande handhygien bland vårdpersonal. De två huvudrubrikerna delades in i sex underrubriker: tidsbrist, hudbekymmer, kunskapsbrist, utbildning, affisch/posters och tillgänglighet. Resultatet visade att det finns många anledningar till att följsamheten för handhygien är låg. Studien visar att tidsbrist, hudbekymmer samt kunskapsbrist gällande hand hygien är de vanligaste orsakerna. Utbildning tillsammans med affischer/posters samt ökad tillgänglighet vad gäller material har visat sig vara det mest effektiva sättet att öka följsamheten av handhygien.</p><p><strong><p>Nyckelord</p><p>.</p>: prevention, hand disinfection, hand washing, infection control, nosocomial infection och education. </strong></p>

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva varför följsamheten gällande handhygien ofta är låg bland vårdpersonal, samt hur man kan öka följsamheten för handhygien bland vårdpersonal. Metoden som använts var en litteraturstudie. Datainsamling skedde via databaserna Medline (PubMed), Cinahl (EBSCO host) och Academic Search Elite. Sökorden som använts: prevention, hand disinfection, hand washing, infection control, nosocomial infection och education. Totalt användes 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet delades in i två huvudrubriker: Orsaker till att följsamheten ofta är låg bland vårdpersonal och faktorer som kan öka följsamheten gällande handhygien bland vårdpersonal. De två huvudrubrikerna delades in i sex underrubriker: tidsbrist, hudbekymmer, kunskapsbrist, utbildning, affisch/posters och tillgänglighet. Resultatet visade att det finns många anledningar till att följsamheten för handhygien är låg. Studien visar att tidsbrist, hudbekymmer samt kunskapsbrist gällande hand hygien är de vanligaste orsakerna. Utbildning tillsammans med affischer/posters samt ökad tillgänglighet vad gäller material har visat sig vara det mest effektiva sättet att öka följsamheten av handhygien. Nyckelord . : prevention, hand disinfection, hand washing, infection control, nosocomial infection och education.

In healthcare, personal protective equipment (PPE) are sometimes misused due to improper skill acquisition or skill decay before clinical practice. Training is often didactic or web-based but it is unclear whether these methods transfer to effective physical performance. There is no standard method to evaluate these competencies and scheduling or space restrictions can limit physical practice. A Delphi survey produced relevant checklist and global rating items for evaluating use of PPE. Principles from skill learning and human-computer interaction were combined with the survey results to develop an interactive computer-based simulation for procedural practice of these skills. The assessment tool differentiated between experienced and newly-trained users and demonstrated inter-rater reliability. Learners rated their satisfaction with the simulation similar to a provincial online tutorial and pilot studies with the simulation demonstrated that learners practiced for a longer period when using the simulation as compared to the provincial online tutorial.

In healthcare, personal protective equipment (PPE) are sometimes misused due to improper skill acquisition or skill decay before clinical practice. Training is often didactic or web-based but it is unclear whether these methods transfer to effective physical performance. There is no standard method to evaluate these competencies and scheduling or space restrictions can limit physical practice. A Delphi survey produced relevant checklist and global rating items for evaluating use of PPE. Principles from skill learning and human-computer interaction were combined with the survey results to develop an interactive computer-based simulation for procedural practice of these skills. The assessment tool differentiated between experienced and newly-trained users and demonstrated inter-rater reliability. Learners rated their satisfaction with the simulation similar to a provincial online tutorial and pilot studies with the simulation demonstrated that learners practiced for a longer period when using the simulation as compared to the provincial online tutorial.

In healthcare, personal protective equipment (PPE) are sometimes misused due to improper skill acquisition or skill decay before clinical practice. Training is often didactic or web-based but it is unclear whether these methods transfer to effective physical performance. There is no standard method to evaluate these competencies and scheduling or space restrictions can limit physical practice. A Delphi survey produced relevant checklist and global rating items for evaluating use of PPE. Principles from skill learning and human-computer interaction were combined with the survey results to develop an interactive computer-based simulation for procedural practice of these skills. The assessment tool differentiated between experienced and newly-trained users and demonstrated inter-rater reliability. Learners rated their satisfaction with the simulation similar to a provincial online tutorial and pilot studies with the simulation demonstrated that learners practiced for a longer period when using the simulation as compared to the provincial online tutorial.

In healthcare, personal protective equipment (PPE) are sometimes misused due to improper skill acquisition or skill decay before clinical practice. Training is often didactic or web-based but it is unclear whether these methods transfer to effective physical performance. There is no standard method to evaluate these competencies and scheduling or space restrictions can limit physical practice. A Delphi survey produced relevant checklist and global rating items for evaluating use of PPE. Principles from skill learning and human-computer interaction were combined with the survey results to develop an interactive computer-based simulation for procedural practice of these skills. The assessment tool differentiated between experienced and newly-trained users and demonstrated inter-rater reliability. Learners rated their satisfaction with the simulation similar to a provincial online tutorial and pilot studies with the simulation demonstrated that learners practiced for a longer period when using the simulation as compared to the provincial online tutorial.