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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ensaios em Criminalidade no Rio Grande do Sul

Cortes, Renan Xavier 18 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Economia do desenvolvimento (economia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-03T16:46:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RENAN_XAVIER_CORTES_TES.pdf: 20384412 bytes, checksum: f40a7494708d28f04370760395930efc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-04T15:31:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RENAN_XAVIER_CORTES_TES.pdf: 20384412 bytes, checksum: f40a7494708d28f04370760395930efc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-04T15:41:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENAN_XAVIER_CORTES_TES.pdf: 20384412 bytes, checksum: f40a7494708d28f04370760395930efc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This thesis approaches the theme of crime in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) through four essays. The first one is devoted to an in-depth discussion of crimes in the municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, emphasizing the problems related to the raw rates estimations, especially in small municipalities. This article, in addition to making an extensive descriptive analysis of municipal crime in RS, seeks to overcome the problems of estimation by using the Bayesian Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) approach to create aggregate crime rates. Using the law penalties for each crime type, we also created disaggregated indexes against economic patrimony and against life and the approach used was efficient in reducing the variability of municipalities with high volatility. The second article assess the effect of luminosity on RS crimes, estimating the effect of the Daylight Savnig Time (DST). Several discontinuous regressions, both at the beggining of DST and at the end, were estimated. Possible effects were controlled, as weekday and climatological variables, and the results indicate that, mostly, there is no significant effect of DST on RS crimes. These results were robust to different model specifications. The third refers to a new tool for interactive data visualization of criminal occurrences in RS, CrimeVis. This visualization platform is constructed using Shiny technology and the R language with several types of visualizations. This article discusses the importance of data visualization, exemplifies the construction of CrimeVis through codes and shows how it is a powerful device for understanding the criminal dynamics of RS. The fourth, and last, essay seeks to study the temporality and space-temporality of crimes in RS through Markov Chains. This article estimates the transition probabilities and odds ratios of municipalities between absence/presence of crime of an initial period in relation to a presence/absence of a final period. In addition, the spatial neighborhood joint effect of the initial period is also measured. Evidence has shown that there is a displacement of cars robbery to the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre and a strong neighborhood effect in the most recent transition from 2015-2016, a temporal stability in homicides (with space-time neighborhood effects) and narcotics tracking with denned regions of occurrence between the north and the south of the state and a highlighted structural break in the crimes related to the arms and ammunition between the year of 2003 and 2004. / Esta tese aborda o tema da criminalidade no Rio Grande do Sul (RS) atrav?s de quatro ensaios. O primeiro se dedica a fazer uma discuss?o aprofundada dos crimes nos munic?pios ga?chos, enfatizando os problemas relacionados a estima??es de taxas brutas, principalmente em munic?pios pequenos. Este artigo, al em de fazer uma extensa an?lise descritiva da criminalidade municipal no RS, busca contornar os problemas de estima??o fazendo uso da abordagem bayesiana Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) a m de criar ?ndices agregados de criminalidade. Utilizando as penas previstas em leis, criou-se tamb?m ?ndices desagregados contra o patrim?nio e contra a vida e a abordagem utilizada se mostrou e ciente na redu??o de variabilidade de munic?pios com alta vari?ncia. O segundo artigo avalia o efeito da luminosidade na criminalidade ga?cha estimando o efeito do hor?rio de ver?o (HV). Diversas regress?es em descontinuidade, tanto no per?odo de in?cio do HV, quanto no final, foram estimadas. Poss?veis efeitos foram controlados, como o dia da semana e vari?veis climatol?gicas, e os resultados apontam que, majoritariamente, n?o existe efeito significativo do HV na criminalidade do RS. Estes resultados se mostraram robustos a diferentes especia??es dos modelos. O terceiro se refere a uma nova ferramenta de visualiza??o de dados interativa das ocorr?ncias criminais no RS, o CrimeVis. Esta plataforma de visualiza??o e constru?da usando a tecnologia Shiny e a linguagem R com diversos tipos de visualiza??es. Este artigo discute a import?ncia da visualiza??o de dados, exemplica a constru??o do CrimeVis atrav?s de c?digos e mostra como que ele se configura um dispositivo poderoso para compreens?o da din?mica criminal ga?cha. O quarto, e ?ltimo, ensaio busca estudar a temporalidade e a espa?o-temporalidade dos crimes no RS atrav?s de Cadeias de Markov. Este artigo estima as probabilidades de transi??o e raz?es de chance dos munic?pios ga?chos entre os estados de aus?ncia/presen?a de crime de um per odo inicial em rela??o a presen?a/aus?ncia de um per?odo final. Ademais, o efeito conjunto espacial de vizinhan?a no per?odo inicial tamb?m e medido. As evid?ncias mostraram que existe um deslocamento de roubo de ve?culos para a regi?o metropolitana de Porto Alegre e um forte efeito de vizinhan?a na transi??o mais recente 2015-2016, uma estabilidade temporal em homic?dios (com efeito espa?o-temporal de vizinhan?a) e tra?o de entorpecentes com regi?es de ocorr?ncia definidas entre o norte e o sul do estado e uma quebra estrutural acentuada nos delitos relacionados a armas e muni??es entre o ano de 2003 e 2004.
2

Avalia??o gen?tica da probabilidade de prenhez em novilhas da ra?a Sindi via modelos de limiar em regress?o aleat?ria

Oliveira, Lorena Tavares de 19 August 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-07T17:37:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lorena_tavares_oliveira.pdf: 1039032 bytes, checksum: 99b6c1aac4a55a13ac7523067c7e14af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-03-30T14:58:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lorena_tavares_oliveira.pdf: 1039032 bytes, checksum: 99b6c1aac4a55a13ac7523067c7e14af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T14:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lorena_tavares_oliveira.pdf: 1039032 bytes, checksum: 99b6c1aac4a55a13ac7523067c7e14af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se com este estudo estimar par?metros gen?ticos e fenot?picos para probabilidade de prenhez nas idades 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39 e 43 meses (PP_15, PP_19, PP_23, PP_27, PP_31, PP_35, PP_39 e PP_43), em novilhas da ra?a Sindi, via modelo de limiar em regress?o aleat?ria utilizando os polin?mios ortogonais de Legendre de segunda, terceira e quarta ordem, considerando a homogeneidade e heterogeneidade de vari?ncia residual. Os componentes de covari?ncia foram estimados por abordagem Bayesiana, utilizando o programa THRGIBBS3F90. Foram inclu?dos os efeitos fixos de criador, fazenda do criador, ano de nascimento, esta??o de nascimento e como covari?vel (de efeito linear) foi considerado o peso da vaca na idade em que ela concebeu. Al?m desses efeitos para todas as idades estudadas, foram considerados os efeitos aleat?rios gen?ticos aditivos, de ambiente permanente e residual. O melhor modelo para a an?lise RRTM foi o LEG_4441 que obteve as seguintes estimativas de herdabilidade 0,34; 0,41; 0,45; 0,41; 0,37; 0,32; 0,32; 0,33 para PP_15, PP_19, PP_23, PP_27, PP_31, PP_35, PP_39, PP_43, respectivamente. As estimativas das correla??es gen?ticas obtidas entre PP_15 com PP_19, PP_23, PP_27, PP_31, PP_35, PP_39 e PP_43 foram 0,1; -0,39; -0,65; -0,83; -0,93; -0,81; -0,71, respectivamente. As estimativas das correla??es fenot?picas para PP_15 com PP_19, PP_23, PP_27, PP_31, PP_35, PP_39 e PP_43 foram respectivamente 0,12; -0,09; -0,17; -0,22; -0,26; -0,25; 0,40. A an?lise que utilizou modelo LEG_4441 foi a mais indicada para estimar os par?metros gen?ticos para a probabilidade de prenhez em diferentes idades em novilhas da ra?a Sindi, indicando que a prenhez precoce possui variabilidade gen?tica para ser inclu?da como caracter?stica alvo de sele??o em programas de melhoramento, com potencial para se obter ganhos gen?ticos satisfat?rios. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / Our aim with this study was estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters for pregnancy probability at 15, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 39 and 43 month old (PP_15, PP_19, PP_23, PP_27, PP_31, PP_35, PP_39 and PP_43) in Sindhi heifers, by using threshold model in a random regression framework, adopting Legendre orthogonal polynomials of second, third and fourth order, considering homogeneity and heterogeneity of residual variance. Covariance components were estimated by Bayesian approach using THRGIBBS3F90 program. The model included the fixed effects of herd, herd of the farm, year of birth, birth season and as a covariate (with linear effect) was considered the weight of the cow at the age when she calved. In addition to these effects for all ages studied, additive genetic, permanent environmental and residual random effects were considered. The best model for the analysis was the RRTM LEG_4441 which obtained the following heritability estimates: 0.34; 0.41; 0.45; 0.41; 0.37; 0.32; 0.32; 0.33 to PP_15, PP_19, PP_23, PP_27, PP_31, PP_35, PP_39 and PP_43, respectively. Genetic correlation estimates between PP_15 with PP_19, PP_23, PP_27, PP_31, PP_35, PP_39 and PP_43 were 0.1; -0.39; -0.65; -0.83; -0.93; -0.81; -0.71, respectively. Phenotypic correlation estimates for PP_15 with PP_19, PP_23, PP_27, PP_31, PP_35, PP_39 and PP_43 were respectively 0.12; -0.09; -0.17; -0.22; -0.26; -0.25; 0.40. The analysis by using LEG_4441 model was the most appropriate to estimate genetic parameters for pregnancy probability at different ages in Sindhi heifers, indicating that early pregnancy has genetic variability to be included as a goal trait selection in breeding programs, with the potential to achieve satisfactory genetic gains.
3

An?lise de evid?ncia total da Tribo Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker, com uma revis?o taxon?mica de Sturisomatichthys Isbr?cker & Nijssen, 1979

Londo?o-Burbano, Alejandro 28 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Zoologia (zoologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-09T12:41:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Verison final tesis PhD AL-B.pdf: 3324681 bytes, checksum: d5bc7da0e28bc84652f553dfee2bc55c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-14T14:34:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Verison final tesis PhD AL-B.pdf: 3324681 bytes, checksum: d5bc7da0e28bc84652f553dfee2bc55c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T14:42:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Verison final tesis PhD AL-B.pdf: 3324681 bytes, checksum: d5bc7da0e28bc84652f553dfee2bc55c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A total evidence analysis of the Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker is presented. Ten genera historically included in the tribe are assumed as ingroup in the present analysis, which comprises: Aposturisoma, Cteniloricaria, Farlowella, Harttia, Harttiella, Lamontichthys, Metaloricaria, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys. The ingroup encompasses 78 terminal taxa plus 22 belonging to the outgroup which were chosen from other subfamilies of the Loricariidae and genera of the Loricariini. Seven molecular markers were included for the phylogenetic analysis, the mitochondrial Cytb, nd2, 12S and 16S, and the nuclear MyH6, RAG1 and RAG2. Additionally, 216 morphological characters are included, which encompasses characters proposed by previous authors and new characters proposed herein including both osteology and external morphology. A Maximum Parsimony analysis and a Bayesian Inference analyses were carried out using the concatenated matrix which is comprised by 6,839 characters. Thirty most parsimonious trees were found with a length of 18.254 steps, consistency index (CI) of 0.37 and retention index (RI) of 0.59, a consensus tree was obtained and showed a paraphyletic Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker; the same result was obtained from the Bayesian Inference analysis. Harttiini comprises Harttia, Harttiella and Cteniloricaria. Farlowellina is elevated to the tribe rank as Farlowellini, encompassing Farlowella, Lamontichthys, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma and Sturisomatichthys; Aposturisoma is here suggested as junior synonym of Farlowella. Metaloricaria is assigned to the monotypic Metaloricariini. On the other hand, the Loricariini is here restricted to a unique group without a subtribal division, contrary to what was proposed in previous studies. Sturisoma was corroborated here to be strictly cis-Andean, while Sturisomatichthys encompasses, besides the valid species already included in the genus, the trans-Andean species belonging to Sturisoma sensu lato. Two new species of the former and one new species of the latter were recognized. A new classification for the Loricariinae is offered, as well as for identification keys for the genera of both the Harttiini and the Farlowellini. Discussions regarding the taxonomy of the genera found to be valid are offered. Furthermore, a taxonomic revision of Sturisomatichthys is presented. A total of 358 specimens including both type an non-type specimens of all valid species were examined. Sturisomatichthys was found to encompass 12 valid species: Sturisomatichthys aureus, S. caquetae, S. citurensis, S. dariensis, S. festivus, S. frenatus, S. kneri, S. leightoni, S. panamensis, S. tamanae. In addition, two new species are described, Sturisomatichthys Baud? n.sp. from the Baud? River, in Northwestern Colombia, belonging to the Caribbean slope of the continent, and Sturisomatichthys San Juan n.sp. from the San Juan River basin in western Colombia, on the Pacific slope. Sturisomatichthys caquetae, from the Morelia River, upper Amazon, is transferred back from Sturisoma and S. leightoni is distributed, besides the Magdalena-Cauca basin, in the Orinoco basin; thus, Sturisomatichthys is discovered to be distributed in both trans- and cis-Andean drainages. A neotype is designated for S. aureus from the Lower Magdalena basin, type locality of the species. New records of localities in the Northwestern region of South America, as well as the redescription and taxonomic comments of all valid species, are provided. Maps with the distribution of the genus and a key of identification of the species are provided. / Uma an?lise de evid?ncia total de Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker ? apresentada. Dez g?neros historicamente alocados na tribo foram inclu?dos: Aposturisoma, Cteniloricaria, Farlowella, Harttia, Harttiella, Lamontichthys, Metaloricaria, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma e Sturisomatichthys. O grupo interno inclui 78 t?xons terminais mais 22 pertencentes ao grupo externo, que foram escolhidos de outras subfam?lias de Loricariidae e g?neros de Loricariini. Sete marcadores moleculares foram inclu?dos, os mitocondriais Cytb, nd2, 12S e 16S, e os nucleares MyH6, RAG1 e RAG2. Al?m disso, 216 caracteres morfol?gicos s?o oferecidos, incluindo caracteres propostos por autores anteriores e caracteres novos propostos aqui, incluindo osteologia e morfologia externa. Uma an?lise de M?xima Parcim?nia e uma an?lise de Infer?ncia Bayesiana foram realizadas utilizando a matriz concatenada, composta por 6.839 caracteres. Foram encontradas trinta ?rvores mais parcimoniosas com um comprimento de 18.254 passos, ?ndice de consist?ncia (IC) de 0,37 e ?ndice de reten??o (RI) de 0,59, uma ?rvore consenso foi gerada, o qual resultou em Harttiini sensu Isbr?cker como parafil?tico; o mesmo resultado foi obtido a partir da an?lise de Infer?ncia Bayesiana. Harttiini inclui Harttia, Harttiella e Cteniloricaria. Farlowellina ? proposto ser elevado ao n?vel de tribo como Farlowellini, abrangendo Farlowella, Lamontichthys, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma e Sturisomatichthys; Aposturisoma ? aqui sugerido como sin?nimo junior de Farlowella. Metaloricaria ? atribu?do a monot?pico Metaloricariini. Por outro lado, Loricariini est? aqui restrito a um grupo ?nico sem uma divis?o subtribal, ao contr?rio do que foi proposto em estudos anteriores. Sturisoma foi corroborado aqui ser estritamente cis-andino, enquanto Sturisomatichthys engloba, al?m das esp?cies v?lidas j? inclu?das no g?nero, as esp?cies trans-andinas pertencentes a Sturisoma sensu lato. Foram reconhecidas duas esp?cies novas de Sturisomatichthys e uma nova esp?cie de Sturisoma. Uma nova classifica??o para Loricariinae ? oferecida, bem como chaves de identifica??o para os g?neros de Harttiini e Farlowellini. Discuss?es sobre a taxonomia dos g?neros encontrados como v?lidaos sao oferecidas. Adicionalmente, uma revis?o taxon?mica de Sturisomatichthys ? apresentada. Um total de 358 esp?cimes, incluindo ambos os esp?cimes tipo e n?o tipo de todas as esp?cies v?lidas foram examinados. Verificou-se que Sturisomatichthys abrange 12 esp?cies v?lidas: Sturisomatichthys aureus, S. caquetae, S. citurensis, S. dariensis, S. festivus, S. frenatus, S. kneri, S. leightoni, S. panamensis, S. tamanae. Al?m disso, duas novas esp?cies s?o descritas, Sturisomatichthys Baud? n.sp. do rio Baud?, no noroeste da Col?mbia, pertencente ? vertente Caribe do continente, e Sturisomatichthys San Juan n.sp. da bacia do rio San Juan, no oeste da Col?mbia, na vertente do Pac?fico. Sturisomatichthys caquetae, do rio Morelia, alto Amazonas, ? transferida de Sturisoma e S. leightoni est? distribu?do, al?m da bacia Magdalena- Cauca, na bacia do rio Orinoco. Assim, descobriu-se que Sturisomatichthys ? distribu?do em drenagens trans e cis-andinas. Um neotipo ? designado para S. aureus, do baixo rio Magdalena, localidade tipo da esp?cie. S?o fornecidos novos registros de localidades na regi?o noroeste da Am?rica do Sul, bem como a redescri??o e coment?rios taxon?micos de todas as esp?cies v?lidas. Mapas com a distribui??o do g?nero e uma chave de identifica??o das esp?cies s?o fornecidos.

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