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Anticipatory and Reactive Guilt Appeals : Their Influence on Consumer Attitudes and the Moderating Effect of Inferences of Manipulative IntentCeder, Josefin January 2017 (has links)
Guilt appeals are used to try to influence consumer behavior, with literature defining three kinds – existential, anticipatory, and reactive guilt. Anticipatory and reactive guilt appeals have never been individually studied. The purpose of this study is hence to explain the relationship between anticipatory guilt and reactive guilt, respectively, inferences of manipulative intent, and consumers’ attitude toward a brand. To test this, an online questionnaire was used, followed by linear regression and moderation analyses. The results show a positive relationship between both anticipatory guilt and attitude and between reactive guilt and attitude. Inferences of manipulative intent do not moderate either relationship. Keywords Guilt appeal, anticipatory guilt, reactive guilt, inferences of manipulative intent, consumer brand attitudes
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參考價格的效果:以消費者認知需求程度探討 / The moderating impact of need for cognition on the effect of reference prices - A contingency model李景浩, Li,Ching-how Unknown Date (has links)
在各式各樣的銷售技巧中,誇張廠商建議價格是一種常見的手法,廠商漫天喊價誇大原始售價,無非是希望能讓消費覺得實際售價低廉且商品值得購買。但在廠商使用這樣的策略時,有些人會察覺到廠商操弄的意圖進而對廠商、商品產生負面的感覺。本研究認為消費者的認知需求程度是參考價格產生效果的重要調節變項,因此,本研究發展兩階段的實驗來探討消費者認知需求高低對其處理價格資訊的影響。研究方式與結果簡述如下:
在第一個階段中研究的是誇張的行銷訊息(誇張的廠商售價)對於認知需求程度不同的消費者的效果差異,以及廠商售價對於消費者的商品態度與購買意願的影響。研究結果發現,認知需求低者較易被廠商宣稱的誇張價格影響其對商品的推估價格,進而對商品產生較佳的態度與購買意願。
在第二個階段中,本研究設計讓已經受到廠商訂價影響的消費者接觸實際售價,探討消費者的認知需求程度對於其操弄意圖推論程度的影響及消費者操弄意圖推論程度對於其最終購買意願與商品態度產生的效果。結果發現,認知需求高的消費者其操弄意圖推論程度亦高,且消費者的操弄意圖推論程度愈高;對於消費者商品態度與購買意願負面的影響也愈大。 / One main concern regarding the use of reference prices in advertisements relates to the possibility of perceived deception due to consumers' reaction towards exaggerated or implausible price claims. This paper examines the moderating roles of an individual level variable-need for cognition (NFC), in influencing consumers’ evaluation of the reference prices in a two-stage experiment. The results support the hypothesized effects of need for cognition and demonstrate that, in the first stage, consumers with a high need for cognition assimilate a smaller portion of the external reference points (ERPs) into their existing internal reference point (IRPs). In addition, for consumers with a low need for cognition, the increasing level of reference price results in positive effects on value perception, brand attitudes and purchase intention.
In the second stage, I introduced inferences of manipulative intent (IMI) as a dependant variable. The results suggest that for consumers with a high need for cognition, the greater the discrepancy between their estimated price and real price, the higher level of perceived manipulative intent of advertisers. This leads to negative attitudes toward the advertiser and results in negative effects on brand attitudes and purchase intention.
Implications for research and practitioners are discussed.
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Facebook與Instagram之跨訊息綜效比較 / A comparison of cross-message synergy effect between Facebook and Instagram陳又瑈, Chen, Yu Jou Unknown Date (has links)
數位行動浪潮襲捲全球,智慧型手機的普及讓行動行銷成為一股趨勢,如何善用行動媒體的特性來提高整合行銷傳播的綜效亦是近年來數位行銷領域相當關注的話題。APP是行動媒體中最能直接與消費者接觸的工具,而社群APP因為內容具備即時性、社群性等特徵,成為各大品牌搶奪消費者眼球的必爭之地。
在眾多社群APP中,Facebook的廣告服務已行之有年,後起之秀Instagram亦於2015年9月對台灣企業開放廣告功能,讓廣告主能以付費的方式觸及更多的使用者。此二平台的廣告運作機制非常相似,消費者都會先接收貼文廣告,再從貼文廣告連接到品牌帳號的主要頁面,兩個品牌訊息加總將有機會產生跨訊息綜效。不過,這兩個平台在內容表現形式上卻不盡相同,且Instagram強大的濾鏡功能能讓照片更具美感,進而影響使用者對品牌的解讀及反應,所呈現的綜效也可能有所不同。
因此本研究選定Facebook與Instagram為研究對象,以社群APP平台為自變項,廣告態度及品牌態度為依變項,來驗證跨訊息綜效是否產生,並比較此二平台在廣告資訊處理歷程及效果上的差異。本研究採用實驗法,招募100名政治大學非傳播學院之大學生及研究生進行實驗,所得結果如下:
一、 單一媒體的跨訊息綜效並不顯著,但不同媒體(Facebook與Instagram)的資訊處理歷程、態度形成及跨訊息效果卻不盡相同。
二、 與說服知識相比,美感反應才是影響操弄意圖推論高低的主要變項,接收Facebook廣告的消費者會因為較低美感反應產生較高操弄意圖推論,接收Instagram廣告的消費者則會因為美感反應較高而使操弄意圖推論較低。
三、 操弄意圖推論對訊息涉入度具顯著負向影響,操弄意圖愈高,訊息涉入度愈低,反之亦然。Facebook的操弄意圖推論較高,因此訊息涉入度較低,消費者較缺乏訊息處理動機,而Instagram的操弄意圖推論較低使得訊息涉入度較高,亦即消費者具備較高的訊息處理動機。
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