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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

インフルエンザ感染を制御する液胞状オルガネラの発見とその性状解明 / インフルエンザ カンセン オ セイギョ スル エキホウジョウ オルガネラ ノ ハッケン ト ソノ セイジョウ カイメイ

近江 純平, Jumpei Omi 22 March 2019 (has links)
A型インフルエンザウイルス(IAV)は毎年流行を繰り返すインフルエンザの主要な原因ウイルスである。本研究ではIAVを構成するタンパク質の1種、ヘマグルチニン(HA)を標的とする抗IAV薬の創製し、その効果を細胞・個体レベルで検討した。また、抗IAV薬の作用機序の解析を通じて、IAV感染を制御する液胞状オルガネラを見出しており、本論文では本オルガネラの生化学的・形態的性状についても詳細に解析している。 / 博士(理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
212

Variations génomiques et antigéniques du virus de la grippe porcine (Influenzavirus porcin) sur le territoire québécois

Mhamdi, Zeineb 10 1900 (has links)
A ce jour, les données génétiques et moléculaires se rapportant aux virus influenza de type A (VIs) présents dans la population porcine au Québec sont relativement rares. Pourtant, ces informations sont essentielles pour la compréhension de de l'évolution des VIs à grande échelle de 2011 à 2015. Afin de remédier à ce manque de données, différents échantillons (pulmonaires, salivaires et nasaux) ont été prélevés à partir de 24 foyers dans lesquelles les animaux présentaient des signes cliniques. Ensuite, les souches virales ont été isolées en culture cellulaire (MDCK) ou sur oeufs embryonnés. Les 8 segments génomiques des VIs de 18 souches virales ont par la suite été séquencés et analysés intégralement. La résistance aux drogues antivirales telles que l’oseltamivir (GS4071) carboxylate, le zanamivir (GS167) et l’amantadine hydrochloride a également été évaluée par des tests d'inhibition de la neuraminidase (INAs) ainsi que par un test de réduction sur plaque. Deux sous-types viraux H3N2 et H1N1 ont été identifiés dans la population porcine au Québec. Douze souches des VIs de sous-type trH3N2 ont été génétiquement liées au Cluster IV, avec au moins 6 profils de réassortiment différents. D'autre part, 6 souches virales ont été trouvées génétiquement liées au virus pandémique A(H1N1)pdm09 avec au moins trois profils de réassortiment génétique différents. Le sous-type trH3N2 des VIs est le plus répandu dans la population porcine au Québec (66,7%). La cartographie d'épitope de la protéine HA de sous-type H3 a présenté la plus forte variabilité avec 21 substitutions d’acides aminés sur 5 sites antigéniques A (5), B (8), C (5), D (1), et E (2). Toutefois, la protéine HA du sous-type H1 avait seulement 5 substitutions d'aa sur les 3 sites antigéniques Sb (1), Ca1 (2) et Ca2 (2). Un isolat H1N1 (1/6 = 16,7%) et 1 autre trH3N2 (1/12 = 8,3%) ont été trouvés comme étant résistants à l'oseltamivir. En revanche, 2 isolats du H1N1 (2/6 = 33,3%) et 2 autres du trH3N2 (2/12 = 16,7%) ont révélé être résistants au zanamivir. Dans l'ensemble, le taux de résistance aux INAs et à l’amantadine était compris entre 33,3% et 100%. La présence des VIs résistants aux drogues antivirales chez les porcs ainsi que l'émergence possible de nouvelles souches virales constituent des préoccupations majeures en la santé publique et animale justifiant ainsi la surveillance continue des VIs dans la population porcine au Québec. / Data about genomic variability of swine influenza A viruses (SIV) in Quebec herds are scarce. Yet, this information is important for understanding virus evolution in Quebec from until 2015. Different clinical samples were obtained from 24 outbreaks of swine flu in which animals were experiencing respiratory disease. Samples including lung tissues, saliva and nasal swabs were collected and virus isolation was attempted in MDCK cells and embryonated eggs. All eight gene segments of the 18 isolated SIV strains were sequenced and analysed. Antiviral drugs resistance against oseltamivir carboxylate (GS4071), zanamivir (GS167) and amantadine hydrochloride was evaluated by neuraminidase inhibition assays (NAIs) and plaque reduction assay. Two subtypes of SIV, H3N2 and H1N1, were identified in Quebec pig herds. Twelve SIV strains were genetically related to trH3N2 Cluster IV and at least 6 different reassortment profiles were identified. On the other hand, 6 Quebec SIV strains were found to be genetically related to the pandemic virus A(H1N1)pdm09 and from which three reassortment profiles were identified. Overall, the trH3N2 was the most prevalent subtype (66.7%) found in Quebec swine herds. The epitope mapping of HA indicated that the H3 subtype was the most variable with a possibility of 21 amino acids (aa) substitutions within the 5 antigenic sites A(5), B(8), C(5), D(1) and E(2). However, the HA protein of the H1 subtype had only 5 aa substitutions within 3 antigenic sites Sb(1), Ca1(2) and Ca2(2). One H1N1 (1/6 = 16.7%) and one trH3N2 (1/12 = 8.3%) were identified as strains resistant against oseltamivir. In contrast, two H1N1 (2/6 = 33.3%) and two trH3N2 (2/12 = 16.7%) strains were found to be resistant against zanamivir. Overall, the SIV resistance against antiviral neuraminidase inhibitor drugs was (33.3%). All strains were resistant against the M2 inhibitor antiviral drug, amantadine. The presence of antiviral drug resistance in Quebec swine herds and the possible emergence of new SIVs strains are public health concerns supporting the surveillance of SIVs.
213

Stopover Ecology of Mallards : Where, when and how to do what?

Bengtsson, Daniel January 2016 (has links)
The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most numerous and widespread duck in the northern hemisphere and a model species in ecology and harvest management. Migration is a crucial life stage for many birds and understanding the drivers of migration has important implications for conservation biology and assessment of animal population responses to global changes. Furthermore, mallard migration is a fundamental determinant of the epidemiology of many diseases of major relevance for both animal and human health. For example, it is the reservoir host for influenza A viruses (IAV), a widespread zoonosis causing mortality and economic damage. Improved knowledge of mallard behaviour during migration and the impacts of infection in mallards is needed to determine the role of wild birds in global IAV dynamics. This thesis focuses on mallard stopover ecology, an explicitly important part of the annual life cycle that is not well understood. The study area was southern Öland, SE Sweden, where mallard stopover behaviour was scrutinized by a combination of telemetry and ringing data analyses. Specifically, habitat preferences, movements, and emigration decisions were studied in-depth. Potential effects of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIV) infection on movement parameters were also investigated. Radio-tracking revealed that stopover mallards adhered to a strict diel pattern, in which they spent the days resting along the coast, visited crop fields at dawn and dusk, and foraged on inland water bodies during the darkest night hours. Notably, the importance of residual maize, as well as small ephemeral wetlands on the unique alvar steppe habitat that predominates on Öland, was previously unknown. LPAIV infection status did not affect movement behaviour, highlighting the possible risk of spread of IAV from wild mallards to poultry along the migratory flyway. Through capture-mark-recapture modelling, it was confirmed that weather, particularly wind direction, was the most important determinant of departure from the stopover site. In contrast, the body condition of departing mallards was less crucial. Taken together, the research presented in this thesis contributes to improved knowledge about mallard stopover ecology and its role in LPAIV disease dynamics.
214

Bronchopneumonies infectieuses des jeunes bovins : de la complexité du microbiome aux particularités évolutives et cliniques de virus respiratoires encore méconnus. / Infectious bovine bronchopneumonia : deciphering the complex microbiomes and evolutionary and clinical features of yet unfamiliar viruses

Salem, Elias 24 October 2018 (has links)
L’étiologie des bronchopneumonies infectieuses (BPI) des jeunes bovins est multifactorielle, mettant en cause des agents infectieux comme des bactéries, virus ou parasites, et également des facteurs de risques liés à la conduite d’élevage et à l’environnement. Dans cette thèse nous nous sommes intéressés aux virus respiratoires bovins. Nous avons étudié le virome de l’appareil respiratoire superficiel et profond des jeunes veaux atteints de BPI par des approches de séquençage à haut débit pour mieux caractériser les co-infections virales et identifier de nouveaux virus. Par ailleurs nous nous sommes intéressés au contexte dans lequel les virus opèrent en analysant la structure, la diversité, et le dynamisme du bactériote respiratoire chez des veaux sains et atteints de BPI. Les résultats suggèrent que de nombreux virus agissent en interactions et montrent une prédominance du coronavirus bovin (BCoV) dans les cavités nasopharyngées et également dans les poumons des veaux atteints de BPI. L’étude phylogénétique des BCoV isolés indique une ségrégation entre souches européennes d’une part et américaines et asiatiques d’autre part qui semble résulter d’un phénomène de recombinaison dans les années 1960-70. Par ailleurs un astrovirus bovin a été clairement détecté pour la première fois principalement dans les poumons de veaux atteints de BPI. L’analyse du microbiote indique, elle, une disparité écologique entre cavités superficielles et profondes et des interactions possibles entre agents pathogènes connus et différentes communautés bactériennes de la flore résidente. Enfin une partie des travaux a concerné le virus influenza D (IDV), un nouveau virus respiratoire bovin émergent récemment identifié en France. Lors d’une infection expérimentale chez des veaux nous avons démontré que IDV possède un pouvoir pathogène respiratoire modéré et qu’il module la réponse immunitaire innée du veau. Nous avons aussi confirmé le caractère ubiquiste d’IDV en démontrant sa circulation sur le continent africain. En conclusion, grâce à des méthodes de séquençages à haut débit ce travail a permis une meilleure description et caractérisation des virus respiratoires bovins et de leur environnement immédiat. Il ouvre des perspectives pour mieux comprendre le rôle des interactions virales dans la genèse des signes cliniques respiratoires. / Bovine infectious bronchopneumonia (BIP) is a complex syndrome that affects young bovines, with a multifactorial etiology often involving one or several viruses and bacteria favored by altered host immunity and disturbed environmental factors. First, using viral metagenomics sequencing tools, we explored the upper (URT) and lower (LRT) respiratory tract viromes of calves with BPI and identified unexpected viruses. In addition, in the same calves, we characterized the structure, diversities and dynamism of the bacterial communities. Results showed different patterns of interactions between the different components of the microbiomes. Among the many detected viruses, the bovine coronavirus (BCoV), showed the highest prevalence in both nasal and pulmonary cavities. Evolutionary and phylogenic analysis of the isolated BCoV strains indicated a clear segregation between European and American/Asian strains, which seems to have resulted from a recombination event during the 1960-70’s. Furthermore, a bovine astrovirus was detected for the first time in the lungs of BIP affected calves. A disparity was noticed in the bacterial community structures between the upper and lower respiratory cavities. Also, there were associations between the presences of certain bacterial taxa and known respiratory pathogens. Finally, a part of the work focused on the emerging influenza D virus (IDV) recently identified in France. Carrying an experimental infection, we showed that IDV has a moderate respiratory pathogenicity and can modulate the innate immune response of the calf. We also showed that IDV circulates in Africa thus confirming its global distribution. In conclusion, thanks to high throughput sequencing methods, this piece of work allowed for a detailed characterization of the bovine respiratory virome and its interacting environment, and further opened new perspectives for a better understanding of viral interactions in bovine BIP.
215

Imunização contra influenza pandêmica em síndrome antifosfolípide primária: gatilho para trombose e produção de autoanticorpos? / Pandemic influenza immunization in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a trigger to thrombosis and autoantibody production?

Hisano, Danielle Martins de Medeiros 12 February 2016 (has links)
Os pacientes com doenças reumáticas crônicas exibem um risco aumentado de contrair infecções. Consequentemente, sua vacinação é indispensável. Há relatos da produção de anticorpos antifosfolípides e tromboses após infecções e vacinação nesta população, exceto em síndrome antifosfolípide (SAF) primária. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a curto e longo prazos um painel de anticorpos antifosfolípides após a vacinação contra influenza A/H1N1 (sem adjuvante) em SAF primária e controles saudáveis. Quarenta e cinco pacientes com SAF primária e 33 controles saudáveis foram imunizados e prospectivamente avaliados antes da vacinação e 3 semanas e 6 meses após a vacinação. Os anticorpos antifosfolípides foram determinados por ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e incluíram os anticorpos IgG e IgM a seguir: anticardiolipina (aCL), anti-beta2glicoproteína I (anti-beta2GPI), anti-anexina V, anti-fosfatidilserina e anti-protrombina. O anticorpo anti-Sm foi igualmente determinado por ELISA e o anti-DNA dupla hélice, por imunofluorescência indireta. Avaliamos clinicamente à ocorrência de tromboses arterial e venosa. A frequência pré-vacinação de pelo menos um anticorpo antifosfolípide foi significativamente maior nos pacientes com SAF primária comparados aos controles (58% vs 24%, p = 0,0052). A frequência global de anticorpos antifosfolípides pré-vacinação e 03 semanas e 06 meses após a vacinação permaneceu inalterada tanto em pacientes (p = 0,89) como em controles (p = 0,83). A frequência de cada anticorpo específico nos dois grupos permaneceu estável nas três avaliações (p > 0,05). A frequência de cada anticorpo mantevese invariável nos pacientes tratados com cloroquina (p > 0,05). Em 3 semanas, 2 pacientes com SAF primária deselvolveram um anticorpo antifosfolípide novo porém transitório (aCL IgG e IgM), enquanto que em 6 meses novos anticorpos foram observados em 6 pacientes e nenhum apresentou altos títulos. Anti-Sm e anti-DNA dupla hélice foram negativos e nenhuma nova trombose arterial ou venosa foi observada durante o estudo. Este foi o primeiro estudo a demonstrar que a vacina contra influenza pandêmica em pacientes com SAF primária não induz tromboses e uma produção significante de anticorpos antifosfolípides a curto e longo prazos. (ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT01151644). / Chronic rheumatic disease patients exhibit an increased risk for infections. Therefore, vaccination is imperative. Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and thrombosis triggering after infections and vaccination in this population were reported, except for primary antiphospholipd syndrome (PAPS). Study\'s main objective was short and long-term evaluation of a panel of antiphospholipid autoantibodies following pandemic influenza A/H1N1 non-adjuvant vaccine in primary antiphospholipid syndrome patients and healthy controls. Forty-five PAPS and 33 healthy controls were immunized with A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine. They were prospectively assessed at pre-vaccination, 3 weeks and 6 months after vaccination. aPL autoantibodies were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and included IgG/IgM: anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta2GPI; anti-annexin V, anti-phosphatidyl serine and antiprothrombin antibodies. Anti-Sm was determined by ELISA and anti-dsDNA by indirect immunfluorescence. Arterial and venous thrombosis were also clinically assessed. Pre-vaccination frequency of at least one aPL antibody was significantly higher in PAPS patients versus controls (58% vs. 24%, p=0.0052). The overall frequencies of aPL antibody at pre-vaccination, 3 weeks and 6 months after immunization remained unchanged in patients (p=0.89) and controls (p=0.83). The frequency of each antibody specificity for patients and controls remained stable in the three evaluated period (p > 0.05). The frequency of each antibody kept invariable in PAPS patients under chloroquine treatment (p > 0.05). At 3 weeks, 2 PAPS patients developed a new but transient aPL antibody (aCL IgG and IgM), whereas at 6 months new aPL antibodies were observed in 6 PAPS patients and none had high titer. Anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA autoantibodies were uniformly negative and no new arterial or venous thrombosis were observed throughout the study. This was the first study to demonstrate that pandemic influenza vaccine in PAPS patients does not trigger short and long-term thrombosis or a significant production of aPL related antibodies. (ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT01151644)
216

Avaliação da resposta clínica e humoral dos pacientes portadores de ICV submetidos à vacinação com antígenos protéicos e polissacarídicos / Clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with common variable immunodeficiency before and after immunization with polysaccharide and protein antigens

Marinho, Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli 14 March 2013 (has links)
Estudos recentes têm apresentado resultados in vitro satisfatórios em pacientes com Imunodeficiência Comum Variável (ICV) que receberam vacinas contra tétano, influenza e meningococo. No entanto, existem poucos ensaios clínicos que avaliem a resposta clínica e laboratorial após a exposição a antígenos específicos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta clínica à imunização contra antígenos protéicos e polissacarídicos (influenza, H1N1 e pneumococo) em pacientes com diagnóstico de ICV seguidos no ambulatório de Imunodeficiências Primárias do Serviço de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia do HC-FMUSP. O diagnóstico dos pacientes foi estabelecido de acordo com os critérios da OMS / PAGID / ESID. Um grupo de 37 pacientes foi vacinado contra a influenza A (H2N3), gripe H1N1 e pneumococo e outro grupo com 16 pacientes, não foi vacinado. A avaliação clínica foi realizada através da aplicação de um score com avaliação dos seguintes parâmetros clínicos: pneumonia, sinusite, otite média, infecções de vias aéreas superiores (IVAS), amigdalites, diarréia, bronquiectasias, hospitalizações, uso de antibióticos, uso de antibióticos profiláticos, sepse e meningite. O score foi aplicado durante os 12 meses que precederam a vacinação e 12 meses posteriores à administração das vacinas. O mesmo score foi aplicado ao grupo controle, com os pacientes que não foram vacinados. A determinação da IgG contra os sorotipos do pneumococo foi feita por ELISA. A determinação da IgG específica H1N1 foi feita por hemaglutinação indireta, enquanto que a dosagem da IgG específica para influenza, por ELISA, utilizando o kit comercial RIDASCREEN ® Influenza. O grupo de pacientes vacinados incluiu 37 pacientes (51% mulheres), com idade entre 20 e 78 anos (mediana= 33 anos). Observou-se uma mediana de 7 anos de atraso no diagnóstico de ICV. A mediana de idade do grupo de pacientes (n=16, 37,5% mulheres) que não receberam a vacina foi de 41 anos e a mediana de atraso no diagnóstico foi de 8 anos. Observamos que as infecções de vias aéreas superiores (IVAS), sinusites e pneumonias foram as manifestações mais freqüentes no grupo controle. IVAS seguida por pneumonia e sinusite foram as manifestações infecciosas mais freqüentes em mulheres (80%, 78% e 55%, respectivamente). Entretanto, em homens observamos IVAS seguido por sinusite e pneumonia (78%, 65% e 35%, respectivamente). Observou-se redução significativa no score relativo ao número de infecções respiratórias superiores, sinusites e pneumonias um ano após a administração das vacinas (p <0,001). Os dados foram comparados com pacientes ICV não vacinados e neste grupo não houve diferença entre os scores dos dois períodos de 12 meses . Após a vacinação, observou-se uma tendência a aumento no título de anticorpos específicos para a H2N3, mas sem resultado significativo. Em relação aos resultados obtidos com as sorologias para o H1N1 e o pneumococo, não se observou resposta após a vacinação. Concluindo, houve redução do número de infecções, principalmente das IVAS, sinusites e pneumonias em pacientes com ICV após a vacinação contra a influenza, H1N1 e pneumococo. Embora não tenhamos encontrado correlação entre a redução do número de infecções e os títulos de anticorpos específicos para as vacinas testadas, a melhora clínica observada nos pacientes com ICV reforça o benefício da vacinação / Recent studies have shown satisfactory in vitro results in patients with CVID who received immunization against tetanus, influenza and meningococcus. However, there are only a few studies that evaluate the clinical and laboratory response after exposure to specific antigens in these patients. This study aims to evaluate the clinical response to immunization with protein and polysaccharide antigens (influenza, H1N1 and pneumococcus) in CVID patients followed at the Primary Immunodeficiency outpatient clinic of the Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP. CVID patients were diagnosed according the WHO/PAGID/ ESID criteria. Thirty-seven patients were immunized against influenza (H2N3), H1N1 and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine while another group with 16 CVID patients were not vaccinated. Clinical evaluation was performed through a score with assessment of the following parameters: pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, upper respiratory infections (URI), tonsillitis, diarrhea, bronchiectasis, hospitalizations, use of antibiotic therapy, and use of prophylactic antibiotics, sepsis and meningitis. The score was applied during the 12 months prior to immunization and one year after the administration of vaccines. The same score was applied to the group of CVID patients who weren´t immunized. Determination of IgG antibodies to pneumococcal serotypes was made by ELISA. H1N1-specific IgG was detected by indirect hemagglutination while the determination of influenzaspecific IgG was performed by ELISA, using the RIDASCREEN ® Influenza kit. The group of patients who were vaccinated included 37 patients (51% women), aged 20 to 78 years (mean 33 years). This group presented a median delay in the diagnosis of 7 years. The control group consisted of 16 patients (37.5% females) who were not immunized. Their median age was 41 years and the median delay in the diagnosis was 8 years. URI followed by pneumonia and sinusitis were the most frequent infections in women (80%, 78% and 55% respectively). However in men, URI followed by sinusitis and pneumonia were the most frequent (78%, 65% and 35% respectively). We observed a significant reduction in the score of URI, sinusitis and pneumonias in the year post administration of the vaccines (p <0.001). Conversely, there was no difference in the infections pre and post supposed vaccination scores in the group of CVID patients who were not immunized. There was no significant change in specific antibody titers to influenza and pneumococcus after vaccination. Regarding H1N1, there was no statistically significant production of antibodies to H1N1, although we observed a slight non-durable increase in antibody titers. In conclusion, there was a reduction in the number of infections, mainly sinusitis, URIs and pneumonias in patients with CVID vaccinated against influenza, H1N1 and pneumococcus. While we found no correlation between the reduction in the number of infections and specific antibody titers for the vaccines administered, the clinical improvement observed in CVID patients reinforces the benefit of vaccination
217

Imunogenicidade e segurança da vacina contra influenza A H1N1/2009 em pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil / Immunogenicity and safety of the influenza A H1H1/2009 vaccine in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients

Aikawa, Nádia Emi 06 November 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A pandemia de gripe A H1N1 em junho de 2009 resultou em elevadas taxas de hospitalização entre pacientes imunodeprimidos, incluindo pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ). Embora a vacinação seja uma medida eficaz contra complicações da gripe pandêmica, não há estudos na literatura sobre seus efeitos na AIJ. Objetivos: Avaliar a resposta resposta da vacina contra influenza A H1N1/2009 sem adjuvante na AIJ, como uma extensão do estudo anterior de imunogenicidade e segurança em uma grande população de pacientes com doenças reumáticas juvenis. Além disso, avaliar a possível influência de dados demográficos, subtipos de AIJ, atividade da doença e do tratamento sobre a imunogenicidade e o potencial efeito deletério da vacina sobre a doença, particularmente sobre o número de articulações ativas e os marcadores inflamatórios. Métodos: 95 pacientes com AIJ e 91 controles saudáveis foram avaliados antes e 21 dias após a vacinação contra influenza A H1N1/2009 e a sorologia anti-H1N1 foi realizada por ensaio de inibição de hemaglutinação. A avaliação global de atividade da artrite por uma escala visual analógica (EVA) pelo paciente e pelo médico, o Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), o número de articulações ativas, as provas de fase aguda (VHS e PCR) e o tratamento foram avaliados antes e após a vacinação. Os eventos adversos foram também reportados. Resultados: Pacientes com AIJ e controles foram comparáveis em relação à média de idade atual (14,9 ± 3,2 vs. 14,6 ± 3,7 anos, p=0,182). A taxa de soroconversão após a vacinação foi significantemente menor nos pacientes com AIJ em relação aos controles (83,2% vs. 95,6%, p=0,008), particularmente no subtipo poliarticular (80% vs. 95,6%, p=0,0098). Os subtipos de AIJ, o número de articulações ativas, as provas de fase aguda, a EVA do paciente e do médico, o CHAQ e a frequencia de uso de DMARDs/imunossupressores foram semelhantes entre os pacientes que soroconverteram versus os que não soroconverteram (p>0,05). Em relação à segurança da vacina, não foi observada piora no número de articulações ativas e nas provas de fase aguda durante o período de estudo. Conclusão: A vacinação contra influenza A H1N1/2009 na AIJ induziu uma resposta humoral reduzida com adequado efeito protetor, independente de parâmetros da doença e tratamento, e com um perfil adequado de segurança da doença. / Introduction: The influenza H1N1 pandemic in June 2009 resulted in high hospitalization rates among immunocompromised patients, including patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Although vaccination is an effective tool against pandemic flu complications, there are no studies in the literature on its effects in JIA. Objectives: To assess the immune response against the influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine without adjuvant in JIA as an extension of previous observation of its immunogenicity and safety in a large population of patients with juvenile rheumatic diseases. Moreover to assess the possible influence of demographic data, subtypes of JIA, disease activity and treatment on the immunogenicity and the potential deleterious effect of vaccine on disease itself, particularly on the number of active joints and inflammatory markers. Methods: 95 JIA patients and 91 healthy controls were evaluated before and 21 days after vaccination against influenza A and serology for anti-H1N1 was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. The overall assessment of arthritis activity by a visual analogue scale (VAS) by patient and physician, the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), the number of active joints, the acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP) and treatment were evaluated before and after vaccination. Adverse events were also reported. Results: JIA patients and controls were comparable regarding mean current age (14.9 ± 3.2 vs. 14.6 ± 3.7 years, p=0.182). After vaccination seroconversion rate was significantly lower in JIA patients compared to controls (83.2% vs. 95.6%, p=0.008), particularly in polyarticular subtype (80% vs. 95.6%, p=0.0098). JIA subtypes, number of active joints, acute phase reactants, patient and the physician VAS, CHAQ and frequency of use of DMARDs/Immunosuppressants were similar between patients with and without seroconversion (p>0.05). Regarding vaccine safety, no deterioration was observed in the number of active joints and the acute phase reactants during the study period. Conclusion: Influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccination in JIA induces a lower but effective antibody response, probably independent of disease parameters and treatment with an adequate disease safety profile.
218

Soroproteção reduzida após a vacinação sem adjuvante contra influenza pandêmica A/H1N1 em pacientes com artrite reumatoide / Reduced seroprotection after pandemic A/H1N1 influenza adjuvant-free vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: implications for clinical practice

Ribeiro, Ana Cristina de Medeiros 28 June 2013 (has links)
Introdução: A vacinação contra a influenza pandêmica A/H1N1 resultou em soroproteção em mais de 85% dos indivíduos saudáveis. Entretanto, dados em pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) são escassos. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a imunogenicidade e a segurança em curto prazo da vacina contra influenza pandêmica A/H1N1 em pacientes com AR e a influência da atividade da doença e da medicação nesta resposta. Métodos: Trezentos e quarenta pacientes adultos com AR em seguimento e tratamento regular e 234 controles saudáveis foram examinados antes e 21 dias após receber uma dose da vacina sem adjuvante contra influenza A/California/7/2009. A atividade da doença (DAS28), o tratamento em uso e os títulos de anticorpos também foram avaliados. As taxas de soroproteção (títulos de anticorpos >= 1:40) e soroconversão (percentagem de pacientes com aumento de título de anticorpos maior ou igual a 4, se o título pré- vacinal fosse maior ou igual a 1:10; ou título pós-vacinal de pelo menos 1:40, se o título pré-vacinal era menor que 1:10), as médias geométricas dos títulos (MGT) e o fator de incremento das médias geométricas (FI-MGT) foram calculados. Os eventos adversos foram também registrados. Resultados: Os pacientes com AR e os controles tinham taxas pré-vacinais de soroproteção (10,8% vs. 11,5%) e MGT (8,0 vs. 9,3) comparáveis (p>0,05). Após a vacinação, foi observada redução significativa na resposta dos pacientes com AR versus controles (p<0,001) em todos os desfechos sorológicos: taxas de soroproteção (60,0 vs. 82,9%) e soroconversão (53,2% vs. 76,9%), MGT (57,5 vs. 122,9) e FI-MGT (7,2 vs. 13,2). A atividade de doença não prejudicou a soroproteção ou a soroconversão e se manteve estável em 97,4% dos pacientes. O metotrexato e o abatacepte foram associados à redução da resposta vacinal. A vacinação foi bem tolerada, com poucos efeitos adversos. Conclusão: Os dados confirmaram tanto a segurança em curto prazo como, diferente da maioria dos trabalhos com influenza sazonal, a redução da soroproteção em pacientes com AR, não relacionada à atividade de doença e à maioria das medicações em uso (com exceção do metotrexato e do abatacepte). A extrapolação da resposta imunológica de uma vacina para outra pode não ser possível e estratégias específicas de imunização (possivelmente em duas doses) podem ser necessárias / Background: Pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccination yielded seroprotection in more than 85% of healthy individuals. However, similar data are scarce in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the immunogenicity and the short-term safety of anti- pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in RA patients, and the influence of disease activity and medication to the response. Methods: Three hundred and forty adult RA patients in regular follow-up and treatment, and 234 healthy controls were assessed before and 21 days after adjuvant-free influenza A/California/7/2009 vaccine. Disease activity (DAS28), current treatment and anti-pandemic influenza A/H1N1 antibody titres were also evaluated. Seroprotection (antibody titre >=1:40) and seroconversion (the percentage of patients with a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titre, if prevaccination titre was 1:10 or greater, or a postvaccination titre of 1:40 or greater, if prevaccination titre was less than 1:10) rates, geometric mean titres (GMT) and factor increase in geometric mean titre (FI-GMT) were calculated and adverse events registered. Results: RA patients and controls showed similar (p>0.05) prevaccination seroprotection (10.8% vs. 11.5%) and GMT (8.0 vs. 9.3). After vaccination a significant reduction (p<0.001) was observed in all endpoints in RA patients versus controls: seroprotection (60.0 vs. 82.9%; p<0.0001) and seroconversion (53.2% vs. 76.9%) rates, GMT (57.5 vs. 122.9) and FI-GMT (7.2 vs. 13.2). Disease activity did not preclude seroprotection or seroconversion and remained unchanged in 97.4% of patients. Methotrexate and abatacept were associated with reduced responses. Vaccination was well tolerated with minimal adverse events. Conclusions: The data confirmed both short-term anti-pandemic A/H1N1 vaccine safety and, different from most studies with seasonal influenza, reduced seroprotection in RA patients, unrelated to disease activity and to most medications (except methotrexate and abatacept). Extrapolation of xii immune responses from one vaccine to another may therefore not be possible and specific immunization strategies (possibly booster) may be needed
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Soroproteção reduzida após a vacinação sem adjuvante contra influenza pandêmica A/H1N1 em pacientes com artrite reumatoide / Reduced seroprotection after pandemic A/H1N1 influenza adjuvant-free vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: implications for clinical practice

Ana Cristina de Medeiros Ribeiro 28 June 2013 (has links)
Introdução: A vacinação contra a influenza pandêmica A/H1N1 resultou em soroproteção em mais de 85% dos indivíduos saudáveis. Entretanto, dados em pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) são escassos. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a imunogenicidade e a segurança em curto prazo da vacina contra influenza pandêmica A/H1N1 em pacientes com AR e a influência da atividade da doença e da medicação nesta resposta. Métodos: Trezentos e quarenta pacientes adultos com AR em seguimento e tratamento regular e 234 controles saudáveis foram examinados antes e 21 dias após receber uma dose da vacina sem adjuvante contra influenza A/California/7/2009. A atividade da doença (DAS28), o tratamento em uso e os títulos de anticorpos também foram avaliados. As taxas de soroproteção (títulos de anticorpos >= 1:40) e soroconversão (percentagem de pacientes com aumento de título de anticorpos maior ou igual a 4, se o título pré- vacinal fosse maior ou igual a 1:10; ou título pós-vacinal de pelo menos 1:40, se o título pré-vacinal era menor que 1:10), as médias geométricas dos títulos (MGT) e o fator de incremento das médias geométricas (FI-MGT) foram calculados. Os eventos adversos foram também registrados. Resultados: Os pacientes com AR e os controles tinham taxas pré-vacinais de soroproteção (10,8% vs. 11,5%) e MGT (8,0 vs. 9,3) comparáveis (p>0,05). Após a vacinação, foi observada redução significativa na resposta dos pacientes com AR versus controles (p<0,001) em todos os desfechos sorológicos: taxas de soroproteção (60,0 vs. 82,9%) e soroconversão (53,2% vs. 76,9%), MGT (57,5 vs. 122,9) e FI-MGT (7,2 vs. 13,2). A atividade de doença não prejudicou a soroproteção ou a soroconversão e se manteve estável em 97,4% dos pacientes. O metotrexato e o abatacepte foram associados à redução da resposta vacinal. A vacinação foi bem tolerada, com poucos efeitos adversos. Conclusão: Os dados confirmaram tanto a segurança em curto prazo como, diferente da maioria dos trabalhos com influenza sazonal, a redução da soroproteção em pacientes com AR, não relacionada à atividade de doença e à maioria das medicações em uso (com exceção do metotrexato e do abatacepte). A extrapolação da resposta imunológica de uma vacina para outra pode não ser possível e estratégias específicas de imunização (possivelmente em duas doses) podem ser necessárias / Background: Pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccination yielded seroprotection in more than 85% of healthy individuals. However, similar data are scarce in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the immunogenicity and the short-term safety of anti- pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in RA patients, and the influence of disease activity and medication to the response. Methods: Three hundred and forty adult RA patients in regular follow-up and treatment, and 234 healthy controls were assessed before and 21 days after adjuvant-free influenza A/California/7/2009 vaccine. Disease activity (DAS28), current treatment and anti-pandemic influenza A/H1N1 antibody titres were also evaluated. Seroprotection (antibody titre >=1:40) and seroconversion (the percentage of patients with a fourfold or greater increase in antibody titre, if prevaccination titre was 1:10 or greater, or a postvaccination titre of 1:40 or greater, if prevaccination titre was less than 1:10) rates, geometric mean titres (GMT) and factor increase in geometric mean titre (FI-GMT) were calculated and adverse events registered. Results: RA patients and controls showed similar (p>0.05) prevaccination seroprotection (10.8% vs. 11.5%) and GMT (8.0 vs. 9.3). After vaccination a significant reduction (p<0.001) was observed in all endpoints in RA patients versus controls: seroprotection (60.0 vs. 82.9%; p<0.0001) and seroconversion (53.2% vs. 76.9%) rates, GMT (57.5 vs. 122.9) and FI-GMT (7.2 vs. 13.2). Disease activity did not preclude seroprotection or seroconversion and remained unchanged in 97.4% of patients. Methotrexate and abatacept were associated with reduced responses. Vaccination was well tolerated with minimal adverse events. Conclusions: The data confirmed both short-term anti-pandemic A/H1N1 vaccine safety and, different from most studies with seasonal influenza, reduced seroprotection in RA patients, unrelated to disease activity and to most medications (except methotrexate and abatacept). Extrapolation of xii immune responses from one vaccine to another may therefore not be possible and specific immunization strategies (possibly booster) may be needed
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Imunogenicidade e segurança da vacina contra influenza A H1N1/2009 em pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil / Immunogenicity and safety of the influenza A H1H1/2009 vaccine in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients

Nádia Emi Aikawa 06 November 2012 (has links)
Introdução: A pandemia de gripe A H1N1 em junho de 2009 resultou em elevadas taxas de hospitalização entre pacientes imunodeprimidos, incluindo pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil (AIJ). Embora a vacinação seja uma medida eficaz contra complicações da gripe pandêmica, não há estudos na literatura sobre seus efeitos na AIJ. Objetivos: Avaliar a resposta resposta da vacina contra influenza A H1N1/2009 sem adjuvante na AIJ, como uma extensão do estudo anterior de imunogenicidade e segurança em uma grande população de pacientes com doenças reumáticas juvenis. Além disso, avaliar a possível influência de dados demográficos, subtipos de AIJ, atividade da doença e do tratamento sobre a imunogenicidade e o potencial efeito deletério da vacina sobre a doença, particularmente sobre o número de articulações ativas e os marcadores inflamatórios. Métodos: 95 pacientes com AIJ e 91 controles saudáveis foram avaliados antes e 21 dias após a vacinação contra influenza A H1N1/2009 e a sorologia anti-H1N1 foi realizada por ensaio de inibição de hemaglutinação. A avaliação global de atividade da artrite por uma escala visual analógica (EVA) pelo paciente e pelo médico, o Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), o número de articulações ativas, as provas de fase aguda (VHS e PCR) e o tratamento foram avaliados antes e após a vacinação. Os eventos adversos foram também reportados. Resultados: Pacientes com AIJ e controles foram comparáveis em relação à média de idade atual (14,9 ± 3,2 vs. 14,6 ± 3,7 anos, p=0,182). A taxa de soroconversão após a vacinação foi significantemente menor nos pacientes com AIJ em relação aos controles (83,2% vs. 95,6%, p=0,008), particularmente no subtipo poliarticular (80% vs. 95,6%, p=0,0098). Os subtipos de AIJ, o número de articulações ativas, as provas de fase aguda, a EVA do paciente e do médico, o CHAQ e a frequencia de uso de DMARDs/imunossupressores foram semelhantes entre os pacientes que soroconverteram versus os que não soroconverteram (p>0,05). Em relação à segurança da vacina, não foi observada piora no número de articulações ativas e nas provas de fase aguda durante o período de estudo. Conclusão: A vacinação contra influenza A H1N1/2009 na AIJ induziu uma resposta humoral reduzida com adequado efeito protetor, independente de parâmetros da doença e tratamento, e com um perfil adequado de segurança da doença. / Introduction: The influenza H1N1 pandemic in June 2009 resulted in high hospitalization rates among immunocompromised patients, including patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Although vaccination is an effective tool against pandemic flu complications, there are no studies in the literature on its effects in JIA. Objectives: To assess the immune response against the influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccine without adjuvant in JIA as an extension of previous observation of its immunogenicity and safety in a large population of patients with juvenile rheumatic diseases. Moreover to assess the possible influence of demographic data, subtypes of JIA, disease activity and treatment on the immunogenicity and the potential deleterious effect of vaccine on disease itself, particularly on the number of active joints and inflammatory markers. Methods: 95 JIA patients and 91 healthy controls were evaluated before and 21 days after vaccination against influenza A and serology for anti-H1N1 was performed by hemagglutination inhibition assay. The overall assessment of arthritis activity by a visual analogue scale (VAS) by patient and physician, the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), the number of active joints, the acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP) and treatment were evaluated before and after vaccination. Adverse events were also reported. Results: JIA patients and controls were comparable regarding mean current age (14.9 ± 3.2 vs. 14.6 ± 3.7 years, p=0.182). After vaccination seroconversion rate was significantly lower in JIA patients compared to controls (83.2% vs. 95.6%, p=0.008), particularly in polyarticular subtype (80% vs. 95.6%, p=0.0098). JIA subtypes, number of active joints, acute phase reactants, patient and the physician VAS, CHAQ and frequency of use of DMARDs/Immunosuppressants were similar between patients with and without seroconversion (p>0.05). Regarding vaccine safety, no deterioration was observed in the number of active joints and the acute phase reactants during the study period. Conclusion: Influenza A H1N1/2009 vaccination in JIA induces a lower but effective antibody response, probably independent of disease parameters and treatment with an adequate disease safety profile.

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