Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 60 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-59).

Thesis (J.S.D.)--Stanford University, 2010. / "March 2010." Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-173). Abstract and table of contents are available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [78]-85).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Santa Cruz, 2002. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 313-317).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 196 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 188-196). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007. / Title from title screen (viewed Feb. 19, 2008). Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert. "September 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-83). Also available in print.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis seeks to examine the making of official policies on street trading in Cape Town’s city centre and the impact of such policies. It covers an extensive period from colonial times to the Union era and from apartheid to democracy. The local government and its role in controlling the trade is the centre of focus but the thesis also explores how the oral testimonies of street traders in the city centre contribute to our understanding of the activity as well as the impact of policy. This thesis poses several questions. What influences policy? What is the impact of policy? Are there continuities or discontinuities in policy? How does one understand street trading and the impact of policy from the perspectives of street traders themselves? Given that there are significant studies of street trading in other municipalities, how does a history of street trading in Cape Town compare? Is there anything distinctive about Cape Town?` Several factors have influenced policy. These have been similar to other local authorities. These have been the desire to raise revenue for the city, to protect the interest of established businesses who feared competition from street traders, the city’s desire to maintain a clean, beautiful and orderly city, as well as traffic and sanitation considerations. Like other local authorities, strategies have included: issuing licenses to street traders and the development and implementation of street trading regulations which either restricted or prohibited street trading. In contrast to studies of other cities, this thesis explores the practice of registration as a measure of control which nonetheless confers rights. This thesis marks the 1980s as representing a decisive shift in policy from one characterized by the prosecution of street traders to a more sympathetic and supportive approach towards street traders. The post-apartheid context saw significant changes in policy motivated by the desire to seek solutions to unemployment and poverty alleviation. Thus permanent stands for street traders in the city centre have been provided, traders have been involved in decision making and power has been devolved to associations. The latter practice has been significant in Cape Town. This thesis has also found that out of the major South African cities, Cape Town comes after Johannesburg in having progressive street trader policies. This measure of progressive is seen in the number of street traders, in the provision of infrastructure such as stands and the encouragement of the sector. While the Cape Town city council has a developmental continuum plan which sees street trading leading to formal businesses, it has yet to put resources to further this. Oral histories have been particularly useful in highlighting that street trading is not only the occupation of the urban poor. This thesis highlights individuals with skills and education and who see the sector as bearing many advantages. The thesis points to the sector as being differentiated. Further, the distinction between the formal and informal gets blurred in the contemporary era. This thesis highlights the hereditary nature of street trading in Cape Town thus challenging ideas of street trading as a transitory occupation. With regard to policy, interviews highlighted the negative impact of policy during apartheid. While traders see the advantages of the democratic era, they nonetheless argue too that the encouragement of the sector has seen an increase in the number of street traders but no significant increase in a customer base. There is thus some nostalgia for the pre-1994 years. This study has allowed one to track continuity and discontinuity and to explore the idea of a progressive policy and to make comparisons with other cities drawing from official and oral sources.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MInst Agrar (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Bibliography: leaves 158-177. / The aim of the thesis is to use a particular set of informal sellers in central Cape Town to focus study on aspects of informal sellers that have not previously been given high priority in analysis of the informal economic sector. In so doing, insight into the perceptions of informal sellers (in terms of their work or informal selling situation) and an evaluation of the relationships between informal sellers, the formal sector and government authorities will be gleaned. The work is based on, and extends, data provided by an in-depth Cape Town City Council survey conducted in 1985. The specific objectives of the study are, firstly, to provide comparisons on the number of informal selling outlets over a one year time period. Secondly, to identify and analyse the characteristics and locations of informal selling outlets. Thirdly, to investigate and analyse the operation of the different types of informal selling outlets in some detail. In particular, the backward and forward linkages affecting such outlets will be the focus of attention. In addition, it is intended to establish the attitudes of the formal sector and government authorities towards informal sellers, and vice versa.

This analysis will characterize the informal sector in Managua, Nicaragua as small-scale units engaged in the production and distribution of goods and services whose primary objective is to generate employment for the participants rather than maximize their profits. Managua's informal sector employs forty-eight percent of the total employed urban population and plays an important role in the development of the country. Historically, informal sector growth has been constrained by the inaccessibility of credit. However in recent years, credit programs that focus on micro-enterprise lending have been established and are significantly stimulating informal sector activities. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of micro-enterprise credit as a tool for promoting socio-economic development for informal-sector participants. Its principal findings are that micro-enterprise credit promotes economic development by generating income and employment, increasing borrower assets, and facilitating expansion of micro-business enterprises. Secondly, micro-enterprise credit promotes social development by empowering females in the home and business, benefits to children, and improving borrowers' personal well being. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning