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Denna studie är en fallstudie som behandlar telekomföretaget Relacoms arbete med att gå från ett affärssystem till ett annat. Vi har med hjälp av intervjuer och flera enkätundersökningar bland personal samt diskussion med företagets ledning erhållit relevant fakta. Den planering och de processer som företaget använts sig av har dokumenterats och analyserat med hjälp av teorier hämtade från diverse akademiska skrifter inom området. Vi avslutar vår studie med en slutsats där vi presenterar vårt resultat samt en rekommendation till Relacom som behandlar fortsättningen av övergångsarbetet. Vårt resultat av Relacoms tillvägagångssätt vid byte av affärssystem är att ledningen skötte sig väl, men vissa kommunikationsbrister uppstod. / This lucubration is a case study which deals with the telecommunications company Relacoms transition from one business system to another. Through interviews and surveys among staff and management we have been able to document and analyze the planning and processes used by Relacom using theories drawn from various academic writings in the field. Our study ends with a conclusion where our results are presented plus a recommendation to Relacom considering the continuation of the transition process.Our result shows that the management did well during Relacom´s transition of business system, but some communications issues emerged.

Robust decision support tools that aid water utilities to make informed, swift and precise decisions are becoming the need of the hour. Application of sophisticated models to aid the process of condition assessment and risk analysis on water pipelines have been limited owing to the lack of scalability, inability to incorporate external open source datasets and mathematically complicated output results. Interactive visualization of resultant model output is the key element in extracting valuable information to support decision making. This thesis presents a framework for visualization of data related to drinking water pipelines. Critical components of strategic, tactical and operational level decision making are explored in context with data presentation and information depiction. This thesis depicts various aspects of developing GIS web applications and their important functionalities for query and visualization of data. Multiple facets of data storage, standardization and application development are highlighted in this document. Publishing of application geo processing services in web environment is done through Virginia Tech enterprise geodatabase. Risk assessment and Performance models developed by a utility are projected in the application environment through help of widgets. Applications are coded into links on a Drupal website (www.pipeid.org) for model dissemination and utility engagement purposes. / Master of Science / Drinking water supply network primarily consists of pipelines, pumping stations, reservoir basins and treatment plants. Water pipelines are routinely inspected to check their condition and maintain appropriate water quality. Management of these subsurface assets should be given prime importance for maintaining high standards of services at acceptable cost to customers. An integral step in accomplishing this task is to view pipeline network in a geographic map. Different factors affecting pipeline condition are displayed on the map in the form of individual layers. Such real-world problems are analyzed with the help of Geographical Information System (GIS) tools that incorporate spatial features with tabular information. Moreover, interpretation of raw data into meaningful insights and distribution of allocated knowledge to all the concerned parties can be efficiently accomplished using rich internet applications. This thesis presents a framework to use GIS tools for developing web applications using raw data samples from contacted water utilities. Sample web applications are created and discussed in the form of case studies. Also, the challenges in water utility sector with respect to utilizing GIS tools for supporting daily decision-making processes is highlighted in this document. The recommendation to improve the suggested framework and adding more functionalities to developed applications are presented at the end with references.

The purpose of this study is to assist TxDOT engineers in the field of traffic control planning. This is to be done via the creation of a Geographic Information System (GIS) based tool. By bringing together information about TxDOT’s on-system roadways’ geographical locations, traffic demands, and capacities, one aggregate database has been established. Using the tools of GIS, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and VBA programming, a static clickable interface has been constructed. It enables users to access properties for any selected roadway link they desire. Expansion of the product to ArcIMS is ongoing to allow easy access for end users via the internet. / text

Introdução: O Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) é uma importante ferramenta no apoio às ações da vigilância epidemiológica, sendo capaz de fornecer informações necessárias para o planejamento e intervenções em saúde. Com a descentralização da gestão dos serviços de saúde, as ações de vigilância epidemiológica foram colocadas sob responsabilidade dos municípios, que contam com distintos graus de capacidade administrativa. Objetivo: Analisar as condições de operação do SINAN nos municípios paulistas, segundo o porte populacional, em relação à infraestrutura, processo e apoio institucional. Métodos: Foi aplicado questionário eletrônico para 644 responsáveis pela vigilância epidemiológica, em 2017. Os dados foram analisados segundo porte populacional dos municípios: pequenos (<30.000 habitantes), médios (30.001-200.000) e grandes (>200.000) e por meio de estatística descritiva, com medidas de distribuição e de tendência central; teste de qui-quadrado e ANOVA foram utilizados na comparação entre os grupos. Resultados: Obteve-se 63,2% de retorno. Nos municípios pequenos, os responsáveis são mulheres (88,5%), jovens com <40 anos (60,2%); formação superior (88,3%), experiência com o SINAN <=9 anos (70,3%); com vínculo efetivo (56,4%); as equipes contam com <=2 profissionais (49,6%) receberam capacitação (75,9%) e apoio técnico do GVE (98,1%) para trabalhar com o SINAN; apresentam maior proporção de alta dificuldade em capacitação (16,9%) junto com os municípios médios (16,8%), e avaliam o preenchimento das fichas como bom (59,8%). Os municípios médios apresentam o perfil profissional e tempo de experiência com SINAN semelhante aos pequenos; com mais pós-graduados (47,7%); equipe com 3-6 membros; receberam mais capacitação (79,6%) em relação aos demais grupos. Receberam apoio técnico do GVE (91,2%); apresentam maior proporção de alta dificuldade no item fluxo de retorno (22,1%), como os grandes municípios (21,4%); avaliam o preenchimento das fichas como razoável (48,7%). Nos grandes municípios, predominou o responsável técnico com idade >=50 anos (60,7%) e mais pós-graduados (75,0%); maior número de efetivos (64,3%); profissionais com mais experiência no SINAN; 80,0% possuem >=11 funcionários; receberam capacitação (71,4%) e apoio do GVE (64,3%) para trabalhar com o SINAN em menor proporção que os demais; apresentam maior proporção de alta dificuldade com recursos humanos e avaliam o preenchimento das fichas como razoável (48,7%). Conclusões: O SINAN está implantado nos municípios paulistas, bem consolidado nos municípios grandes, porém os pequenos precisam de medidas de apoio que diminuam a disparidade entre os municípios: políticas e estratégias que estimulem a estabilidade profissional, bem como investimentos na capacitação profissional, aprimoramento dos recursos tecnológicos, avaliações periódicas do SINAN, além de incentivos financeiros voltados para gestão do SINAN. / Introduction: Notifiable Diseases Information System is an important tool in supporting actions of epidemiological surveillance, being able to provide information necessary for health planning and interventions. Regards to decentralization of health services management, actions of epidemiological surveillance were placed under the responsibility of municipalities, which have different degrees of administrative capacity. Objective: To analyze SINAN\'s operational conditions in the municipalities of São Paulo State, according to population size, in relation to infrastructure, process and institutional support. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was applied to 644 epidemiological surveillance managers in 2017. Data were analyzed according to the population size of the municipalities: small-sized (<30,000 inhabitants), medium-sized (30,001-200,000) and large-sized (> 200,000). We conducted a descriptive statistic analyse, distribution and central tendency measures were calculated. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used in the comparison between the groups. Results: 63.2% of questionnaires were answered. In small-sized municipalities, managers are female (88.5%), younger (<40 years old) (60.2%), with higher education degree (88.3%); mainly nurses; with experience with SINAN <=9 years (70.3%); with career civil servant (56.4%); teams have <=2 professionals (49.6%), that received training (75.9%) and technical support from the GVE (98.1%) to work with SINAN. Small-sized municipalities present a higher proportion of high difficulty in the training item (16.9%) as well as the medium-sized municipalities (16.8%), and evaluated the completion of records as good (59.8%). Medium-sized municipalities is similar to smaller ones in relation to time of experience with SINAN and professional profile. Team have more postgraduate persons (47.7%), being composed of 3-6 members. staff received more training (79.6%) in relation to the other groups. Team received technical support from the GVE (91.2%). Staff reported a higher difficulty for flow of return item (22.1%), as well as the large-sized municipalities (21.4%). Team evaluated completeness of the records as reasonable (48.7%). In the large-sized municipalities SINAN\'s managers are >=50 years old (60.7%). This group have a higher percentage of postgraduate professionals (75.0%); higher number of career civil servant (64.3%), 80.0% of teams have >=11members, that received training (71.4%) and GVE support (64.3%) to work with SINAN; professionals have more experience with SINAN. Units have higher number of computers. Managers reported higher difficulty for human resources item, and evaluated completeness of records as reasonable (48.7%). Conclusions: SINAN was implemented in the municipalities of São Paulo State, being consolidated in large-sized municipalities, but small ones need government support measures that reduce disparities between municipalities: policies and strategies that stimulate professional stability, as well as investments in professional training, improvement of technological resources, periodic evaluations of SINAN and financial incentives for the management of SINAN.

O presente trabalho propõe a implantação de um sistema de consulta por telefone para usuários de transporte coletivo, baseado num Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), oferecendo dentre outras informações referentes ao sistema de transporte público, as rotas ótimas entre origens e destinos informados pelos passageiros. Este sistema se fundamenta em uma base de dados ampla e atualizada, com uma grande gama de informações sobre a rede de transporte público, incluindo: cadastro de logradouros, malha de circulação viária, pontos de parada e itinerários de linhas de ônibus. Escolheu-se como estudo de caso o sistema de transporte coletivo da cidade de São Carlos - SP, cujas principais informações foram obtidas na forma cartográfica e transferidas para o formato digital, via mesa digitalizadora e através de rotinas específicas do software. Os dados espaciais e atributos, necessários a aplicação do sistema proposto, foram processados em um software para SIG, denominado TransCAD, que constitui uma poderosa ferramenta de planejamento, gerência, operação e análise de sistemas de transporte. Os resultados aqui obtidos indicam que é viável implementar um sistema de consulta dessa natureza em cidades de porte médio, sem grandes investimentos, desde que haja interesse, mão-de-obra qualificada e um treinamento prévio dos técnicos que irão operá-lo, como condições essenciais para o sucesso do projeto. / The purpose of this study is to proposes the implementation of a transit information system based on a Geographic Information System (GIS). The new system is designed to offer information by telephone about the public transportation system, such as the optimal paths between the origins and destinations provided by the system\'s users. This query system is based on a broad and updated database, which contains a large amount of information on the city\'s transit network, including the names of all the city\'s street, the network of streets accessible by bus, bus stops and routes. The public transportation system of the city of São Carlos, located in the state of São Paulo, was selected for a case study. Both spatial and nonspatial data needed for the application of the proposed system were processed in the same GIS software, called TransCAD, which is a powerful tool for planning, management, operation, and analysis of transportation systems. The basic geographic information has been transferred from printed maps - the main sources of this type of data - to digital format with the help of software routines and a small digitizing tablet. The results obtained in this study suggest that the system can be easily implemented in medium-sized brazilian cities, without the need for significant investments. The basic requirements for the success of this kind of project are as follow: a qualified staff to implement the system, and some prior training for the technician who is going to operate the system.

The thesis deals with the analysis of the company after the recent major change and its need to optimize its information system. It designs alternative solutions and selecting the optimal variant. The aim of the work is creating recommendation of the optimal design solution to streamline business processes and increase support managerial decision making. The thesis focuses in the introductory part of the theoretical bases on grip of the problem: information theory, information system and change as the key aspect in the life of the organization, with emphasis on avoiding mistakes. It also assesses the benefits of information systems measurement as the input factor for the optimization evaluation. In the practical part, the situation and process analysis is used to describe a company in which optimization is being recommended. Subsequently, the variants of optimization are introduced and decision-making model for selecting the optimal selection is designed The conclusion summarizes aspects of the evaluation of optimization of information systems.

O presente trabalho propõe a implantação de um sistema de consulta por telefone para usuários de transporte coletivo, baseado num Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), oferecendo dentre outras informações referentes ao sistema de transporte público, as rotas ótimas entre origens e destinos informados pelos passageiros. Este sistema se fundamenta em uma base de dados ampla e atualizada, com uma grande gama de informações sobre a rede de transporte público, incluindo: cadastro de logradouros, malha de circulação viária, pontos de parada e itinerários de linhas de ônibus. Escolheu-se como estudo de caso o sistema de transporte coletivo da cidade de São Carlos - SP, cujas principais informações foram obtidas na forma cartográfica e transferidas para o formato digital, via mesa digitalizadora e através de rotinas específicas do software. Os dados espaciais e atributos, necessários a aplicação do sistema proposto, foram processados em um software para SIG, denominado TransCAD, que constitui uma poderosa ferramenta de planejamento, gerência, operação e análise de sistemas de transporte. Os resultados aqui obtidos indicam que é viável implementar um sistema de consulta dessa natureza em cidades de porte médio, sem grandes investimentos, desde que haja interesse, mão-de-obra qualificada e um treinamento prévio dos técnicos que irão operá-lo, como condições essenciais para o sucesso do projeto. / The purpose of this study is to proposes the implementation of a transit information system based on a Geographic Information System (GIS). The new system is designed to offer information by telephone about the public transportation system, such as the optimal paths between the origins and destinations provided by the system\'s users. This query system is based on a broad and updated database, which contains a large amount of information on the city\'s transit network, including the names of all the city\'s street, the network of streets accessible by bus, bus stops and routes. The public transportation system of the city of São Carlos, located in the state of São Paulo, was selected for a case study. Both spatial and nonspatial data needed for the application of the proposed system were processed in the same GIS software, called TransCAD, which is a powerful tool for planning, management, operation, and analysis of transportation systems. The basic geographic information has been transferred from printed maps - the main sources of this type of data - to digital format with the help of software routines and a small digitizing tablet. The results obtained in this study suggest that the system can be easily implemented in medium-sized brazilian cities, without the need for significant investments. The basic requirements for the success of this kind of project are as follow: a qualified staff to implement the system, and some prior training for the technician who is going to operate the system.

The cup marks are the most common form of rock art in Scandinavia and they have been dated from the Mesolithic to the Migration period. In Sweden they are mostly found in the southern parts of the country. They are believed to generally have been made by permanently resident agrarian people from the Bronze age. The question about the cup marks origin and purpose is one of the unanswered questions in Scandinavian rock art research, which this essay has had the goal to answer with a holistic, statistical analysis based on all the registered cup marks in Sweden. Furthermore, the cup marks have been investigated in correlation with other ancient remains to see if there are patterns in the landscape that could indicate the cup marks purpose. The analysis confirmed that most of the cup marks probably where made by a permanent resident agrarian people on land mostly close to water, and that there seems to have been central places in the south of Sweden where different ancient remains have been made in clusters. No uniform meaning about the cup marks could be found with this method, but the research showed that with more detailed research about cup mark sites combined with a wider perspective about the entire cup marks placings in the landscape, new research will probably be able to get closer to an answer about the cup marks purpose and use in the Norse landscape.

Introdução: O Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) é uma importante ferramenta no apoio às ações da vigilância epidemiológica, sendo capaz de fornecer informações necessárias para o planejamento e intervenções em saúde. Com a descentralização da gestão dos serviços de saúde, as ações de vigilância epidemiológica foram colocadas sob responsabilidade dos municípios, que contam com distintos graus de capacidade administrativa. Objetivo: Analisar as condições de operação do SINAN nos municípios paulistas, segundo o porte populacional, em relação à infraestrutura, processo e apoio institucional. Métodos: Foi aplicado questionário eletrônico para 644 responsáveis pela vigilância epidemiológica, em 2017. Os dados foram analisados segundo porte populacional dos municípios: pequenos (<30.000 habitantes), médios (30.001-200.000) e grandes (>200.000) e por meio de estatística descritiva, com medidas de distribuição e de tendência central; teste de qui-quadrado e ANOVA foram utilizados na comparação entre os grupos. Resultados: Obteve-se 63,2% de retorno. Nos municípios pequenos, os responsáveis são mulheres (88,5%), jovens com <40 anos (60,2%); formação superior (88,3%), experiência com o SINAN <=9 anos (70,3%); com vínculo efetivo (56,4%); as equipes contam com <=2 profissionais (49,6%) receberam capacitação (75,9%) e apoio técnico do GVE (98,1%) para trabalhar com o SINAN; apresentam maior proporção de alta dificuldade em capacitação (16,9%) junto com os municípios médios (16,8%), e avaliam o preenchimento das fichas como bom (59,8%). Os municípios médios apresentam o perfil profissional e tempo de experiência com SINAN semelhante aos pequenos; com mais pós-graduados (47,7%); equipe com 3-6 membros; receberam mais capacitação (79,6%) em relação aos demais grupos. Receberam apoio técnico do GVE (91,2%); apresentam maior proporção de alta dificuldade no item fluxo de retorno (22,1%), como os grandes municípios (21,4%); avaliam o preenchimento das fichas como razoável (48,7%). Nos grandes municípios, predominou o responsável técnico com idade >=50 anos (60,7%) e mais pós-graduados (75,0%); maior número de efetivos (64,3%); profissionais com mais experiência no SINAN; 80,0% possuem >=11 funcionários; receberam capacitação (71,4%) e apoio do GVE (64,3%) para trabalhar com o SINAN em menor proporção que os demais; apresentam maior proporção de alta dificuldade com recursos humanos e avaliam o preenchimento das fichas como razoável (48,7%). Conclusões: O SINAN está implantado nos municípios paulistas, bem consolidado nos municípios grandes, porém os pequenos precisam de medidas de apoio que diminuam a disparidade entre os municípios: políticas e estratégias que estimulem a estabilidade profissional, bem como investimentos na capacitação profissional, aprimoramento dos recursos tecnológicos, avaliações periódicas do SINAN, além de incentivos financeiros voltados para gestão do SINAN. / Introduction: Notifiable Diseases Information System is an important tool in supporting actions of epidemiological surveillance, being able to provide information necessary for health planning and interventions. Regards to decentralization of health services management, actions of epidemiological surveillance were placed under the responsibility of municipalities, which have different degrees of administrative capacity. Objective: To analyze SINAN\'s operational conditions in the municipalities of São Paulo State, according to population size, in relation to infrastructure, process and institutional support. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was applied to 644 epidemiological surveillance managers in 2017. Data were analyzed according to the population size of the municipalities: small-sized (<30,000 inhabitants), medium-sized (30,001-200,000) and large-sized (> 200,000). We conducted a descriptive statistic analyse, distribution and central tendency measures were calculated. Chi-square test and ANOVA were used in the comparison between the groups. Results: 63.2% of questionnaires were answered. In small-sized municipalities, managers are female (88.5%), younger (<40 years old) (60.2%), with higher education degree (88.3%); mainly nurses; with experience with SINAN <=9 years (70.3%); with career civil servant (56.4%); teams have <=2 professionals (49.6%), that received training (75.9%) and technical support from the GVE (98.1%) to work with SINAN. Small-sized municipalities present a higher proportion of high difficulty in the training item (16.9%) as well as the medium-sized municipalities (16.8%), and evaluated the completion of records as good (59.8%). Medium-sized municipalities is similar to smaller ones in relation to time of experience with SINAN and professional profile. Team have more postgraduate persons (47.7%), being composed of 3-6 members. staff received more training (79.6%) in relation to the other groups. Team received technical support from the GVE (91.2%). Staff reported a higher difficulty for flow of return item (22.1%), as well as the large-sized municipalities (21.4%). Team evaluated completeness of the records as reasonable (48.7%). In the large-sized municipalities SINAN\'s managers are >=50 years old (60.7%). This group have a higher percentage of postgraduate professionals (75.0%); higher number of career civil servant (64.3%), 80.0% of teams have >=11members, that received training (71.4%) and GVE support (64.3%) to work with SINAN; professionals have more experience with SINAN. Units have higher number of computers. Managers reported higher difficulty for human resources item, and evaluated completeness of records as reasonable (48.7%). Conclusions: SINAN was implemented in the municipalities of São Paulo State, being consolidated in large-sized municipalities, but small ones need government support measures that reduce disparities between municipalities: policies and strategies that stimulate professional stability, as well as investments in professional training, improvement of technological resources, periodic evaluations of SINAN and financial incentives for the management of SINAN.