Diploma thesis describes basics terms of data visualization elements in the theoretical part. There are the following main topics covered -- importance of data visualization in business management, description and application of main chart types, design and usage of complex visualizations (dashboards), key features of modern data visualization technology. Theoretical grounds are then applied on real examples from different companies in order to show how managers can benefit from good data visualization techniques. Examples from significantly different areas were chosen -- financial management, operations management, analysis of process efficiency.

This paper introduces a graphical modeling notation based on coloured petri nets for the performance and cost evaluation of mobile applications. When developing such an application some restrictions due to the low bandwith of mobile networks need to be considered. The notation can be used to model the workflow of a mobile application with just a small effort. The resulting model can be (automatically) transformed into a coloured petri net for simulating the communication behaviour depending on typical user interactions. The simulation results are an important basis for improving the applications performance and the occuring costs for using mobile networks.

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In the development of information systems for business, structured approaches are widely used in practice. Structured approaches provide a prescription and guidelines for how to go about the process of developing an information system, are relatively easy to learn and provide tools which are well suited to their task. However, the products of structured approaches are sometimes seen to be vague and imprecise since requirements are written using natural language or represented in the form of models which do not have a formal foundation. This vagueness or ambiguity can be the source of problems later in development of the information system. A possible solution to this is to represent requirements using formal methods since these are seen as precise and unambiguous. However, formal methods are typically only a mathematical language for representing requirements. They are often regarded as difficult to learn and use. Even though formal methods of one sort or another have been in existence for many years they are not popular and appear unlikely to become popular in the future. One possible approach to providing the advantages of structured approaches and formal methods is to provide translation procedures from the products of structured approaches to a formal description in a suitable formal language. The work in this thesis follows this theme and is aimed at the creation of a translation procedure from an Object Role Model (ORM) schema to a Z specification. An object role model schema is the end product of a process called the Natural Language Information Analysis Method (NIAM) which is used to produce an information model for an information system. NIAM is a method which has been used successfully in industry since the mid 1970s and continues to be used today. This thesis provides a translation procedure from ORM to Z which is less arbitrary and more comprehensive than previous conversion procedures in the literature. It establishes a systematic method for (i) choosing suitable types and variables for a Z specification and (ii) predicates that express all the standard constraints available in ORM modelling. The style of representation in Z preserves ORM�s concepts in a way that aids traceability and validation. The natural language basis of ORM, namely the use of elementary facts, is preserved. Furthermore, an ORM schema differentiates between abstract concepts and the means by which these concepts are represented symbolically and this thesis provides a representation in Z that maintains the distinction between conceptual objects and their symbolic representation. Identification schemes of entity types are also translated into the Z specification but it is left as an option in the translation procedure. Guiding and evaluating the work conducted here are a published set of criteria for the evaluation of a conceptual schema. These have helped in making decisions regarding the translation procedure and for assessing my work and that of others.

Många infrastrukturprojekt involverar byggnation i berg där det alltid finns osäkerheter att hantera, dessa kan minskas genom att utföra fler undersökningar. Eftersom förundersökningar i berg är relativt dyra gäller det att hitta en balans där fältprogrammet är ekonomiskt försvarbart. Ett området som studerats det senaste åren är att utreda kostnadsnyttan som förundersökningarna tillför. Metoden som har utvecklats kallas datavärdesanalys och används för att kunna bedöma kostnadsnyttan av att utföra ytterligare förundersökningar innan de är utförda. Syfte med studien är att utvärdera kostnadsnyttan av ytterligare förundersökningar för en injekterings- och bergförstärkningsdesign i ett riktigt bergbyggnadsprojekt. Detta kommer att göras med en utvecklad statistisk metod av datavärdesanalysen.  Förväntade resultat från studien var: Undersöka hur insamlad data från tidigare förundersökningar i projektet kan användas för att bedöma sannolikheterna i datavärdesanalysen. Utveckla datavärdesanalysen för att vara tillämpbar i ett bergbyggnadsprojekt. Testa metoden i ett byggprojekt med riktig data och kostnader. Utvärdera om den framtagna metoden är tillämpbar i ett bergbyggnadsprojekt. I studien upprättades först två olika typdesigner för injekteringen och bergförstärkningen, baserat på en begränsad mängd data som fanns tillgänglig för en utvald sektion (fall 1). Mängden data som var tillgänglig i fall 1 är liknande som i en förstudie. Sedan upprättades två nya typdesigner för vardera område där kompletterande information från högkvalitativ data från kärnborrhål, hammarborrhål och vattenförlustmätning adderades (fall 2). Sannolikheterna i datavärdesanalysen bedömdes genom att använda en statistik metod. Den statistiska metoden baserades på en monte carlo simulering där stupningen på brottet antogs variera för bergförstärkningen och konduktiviteten antogs variera för injekteringen.  Studien påvisade goda resultat för att datavärdesanalyser skulle kunna implementeras i projekt som ett beslutsunderlag. Problematiken som kan uppstå i projekt där man har olika åsikter om hur mycket förundersökningar som behövs skulle kunna elimineras genom att använda datavärdesanalyser på den tillgängliga informationen samt nyttan av mer information. Detta är viktigt ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv. Det är dock viktigt att personen som använder verktyget förstår hur metoden är uppbyggd och dess antaganden. Gör man inte det finns det stor risk att beslut fattas på grund av felaktigheter som kan finnas i både indata och misstolkad utdata. Vidare rekommenderas att metoden utvecklas innan den används i ett riktigt projekt. Exempel på detta kan vara att göra mindre antaganden. Det kan också vara att försöka koppla datavärdesanalysen till var man har utfört undersökningen på sträckan man studerar. Man skulle även kunna inkludera fler parametrar i sin monte carlo simulering. Slutligen kan man, för att göra metoden mer användarvänlig, skapa en bättre plattform som den kan användas på. / Many infrastructure projects involve construction in rock, where there are a lot of uncertainties to deal with. These uncertainties can be reduced by performing preliminary investigations. Since preliminary investigations are expensive, it is necessary to find a balance where the field program is financially justifiable. In recent years cost-benefit analysis has been studied to investigate the benefits that preliminary investigations add. The method that has been developed is called value of information analysis and it assesses the cost-benefit of doing more investigations before they are performed.  The purpose of this report is to evaluate the benefits of additional preliminary investigations in a real project that could improve the grouting and rock support designs. The studied method is VOIA (Value of Information Analysis) based on statistical probabilities. The expected result of the study was: Investigate how collected data from preliminary investigations can be used to determine the probabilities used in the VOIA concept based on statistics. Develop a VOIA concept that is based on statistics and can be applied in a real project. Test the concept in a real project with real data and costs. Evaluate however the statistical approach was suitable to be applied in a real project. First part of the study consists of establishing two basic designs for grouting and rock support, that is based on a limited amount of information for a certain section of the project (case 1). The data available in case 1 is similar to a desk study. For the second part of the study the previous designs were updated and adjusted according to the additional information, from high quality investigations such as core drilling and water pressure test (case 2). The probabilities in the value of information analysis were evaluated using a statistical approach. The method was based on a monte carlo simulation where the dip of the plane was assumed to vary for the reinforcement design. For the grouting design the conductivity was assumed to vary.   Conclusions from this report proves that a statistical approach for the VOIA concept has great possibilities of being applied in projects as a tool before making decisions regarding preliminary investigations. The problem that often occur in projects today concerning different opinions about the amount of investigations needed, could be eliminated if a well constructed statistical model can be used that has the possibility of adjusting to the amount of available data. This would be beneficial from a socioeconomic perspective. However it's important that the user of this approach understand the purpose of every assumption and understands how to interpret the output data. Otherwise, decisions can be based on errors made by assumptions or bad input data.   Furthermore, recommendations is presented in this report regarding some areas that need to be developed before it is suitable to apply the method in a real project. One is to construct the VOIA concept based on fewer assumptions. Another is to connect the VOIA method to the geographical point of where the investigations have been made. There is also a possibility to include more parameters in the monte carlo simulation. Finally, to construct a more applicable tool in a project, a user friendly platform to conduct the analysis from is a great area to develop.

The main goal of this Master`s thesis is to find out the satisfaction of current customers with the economic information systems HELIOS produced by LCS International, Inc. company. This company is engaged in the development and distribution of these information systems. The Master`s thesis contains the analysis of the customers` satisfaction results. On the basis of this analysis the strong and weak points in each information system were identified from the current customers` points of view. My proposals in this work lead to the increase of the customers` satisfaction with the HELIOS information systems.

This diploma thesis results from the need for Competitive Intelligence as a system for gathering, analyzing and communicating information about competitors to obtain a competitive advantage. The work attempts to analyze current knowledge gathering processes as well as an application of that information for strategic decision making inside the XXX corporation. After definition of basic terms several different methods and approaches to Competitive Intelligence are described. These methods are reviewed and those that suit XXX requirements best are picked up afterwards. In this thesis there are also identified some of the crucial information sources, to begin with public and commercial databases and catalogues, business publications, online sources, personal knowledge, but also data-mining and other sophisticated methods. The main contribution of this work is the proposal of Competitive Intelligence system itself, empathising an effective functionality that solves identified issues, and is based on our theoretical resources and on actual competence of the company.

In this paper, we develop a decision-theoretic framework for evaluating data mining systems, which employ classification methods, in terms of their utility in decision-making. The decision-theoretic model provides an economic perspective on the value of â extracted knowledge,â in terms of its payoff to the organization, and suggests a wide range of decision problems that arise from this point of view. The relation between the quality of a data mining system and the amount of investment that the decision maker is willing to make is formalized. We propose two ways by which independent data mining systems can be combined and show that the combined data mining system can be used in the decision-making process of the organization to increase payoff. Examples are provided to illustrate the various concepts, and several ways by which the proposed framework can be extended are discussed.

This work describes the problem of information credibility in state institutions with the help of using various methods (deduction, induction and synthesis). Work describes mainly theory but also some existing approaches in real work of this institutions. The work describes the problem beginning from collecting information, verifying information and information sources, related credibility, concepts, typologies and so on. Then, it describes the phenomenon of misinformation (or disinformation) and clarifies if this phenomenon is a part of real daily work of certain state institutions. Then in work is described the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic and their approach to information (typology of information, resources, verifying information, actors which collect information). In addition, work presents such institution as the Office for Foreign Relations and Information, which is also a state institution and is a leading supplier of information to the MFA. Understanding the issue of such a sensitive topic in such closed institutions is based on publicly published sources. In work are also described methodologies of verifying information and procedures of risk management used in the situation of obtaining false information. At the same time, work contains a few of author's solutions for some parts of the work.

The work is mainly concerned with the possibilities of breaking the encryption algorithm AES with using of non-template attacks. In the introduction are listed techniques of differential analysis, which are using in the present, but for the sake of completeness is there mention about simple power analysis. In the next chapters are briefly described countermeasures against power analysis and further is described the AES algorithm. Most important parts are chapters where are described attack implementation on AES-128 through correlation power analysis and mutual information analysis. These attacks exploit power traces from www pages dedicated to book Power Analysis Attacks - Revealing the Secrets of Smartcards, http://DPAbook.org and especially to power traces from DPA Contest 4.2, http://www.dpacontest.org. In conclusion is comparison of methods based on the number of power traces needed for finding the key of secret message.