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Book Summary:Archaeologists and anthropologists have long studied artifacts of refuse from the distant past as a portal into ancient civilizations, but examining what we throw away today tells a story in real time and becomes an important and useful tool for academic study. Trash is studied by behavioral scientists who use data com­piled from the exploration of dumpsters to better understand our modern society and culture. Why does the average American household send 470 pounds of uneaten food to the garbage can on an annual basis? How do different societies around the world cope with their garbage in these troubled environmental times? How does our trash give insight into our attitudes about gender, class, religion, and art? The Encyclopedia of Consumption and Waste explores the topic across multiple disciplines within the social sciences and ranges further to include business, consumerism, environmentalism, and marketing to comprise an outstanding reference for academic and public libraries.

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Book Summary: The third edition of this classic and indispensable work, first published in 1940 and last revised in 1976, has been updated completely for a new generation of students and scholars. Recognizing that the ways in which history is understood and interpreted have changed drastically over the past six decades, the editors have revised 448 articles, replaced 1,360 articles, and added 841 new entries. Gender, race, and social-history perspectives have been added to many entries for the first time. In another departure from the earlier editions, the editors have added maps and illustrations throughout the text, providing helpful visual cues to readers. No library should be without these new volumes."--"The Best of the Best Reference Sources," American Libraries, May 2003.Collects articles, illustrations and photographs, and maps pertaining to notable events in American history.

Book SummaryL Appalachia holds a curious place in the American psyche. There is a pervasive perception of the region as a hinterland inhabited by a backward and developmentally stunted people. Economically, culturally, and technologically suspended in an era gone by, this Appalachia is regarded as one of America's enduring social and economic problems.But there is another perception of Appalachia-home to the beautiful mountain system for which the region is named. It is a quaint retreat into the past, reflecting the integrity of a people with a pioneering spirit and lifestyle that pays homage to a simpler time.Until now, there has been no general reference work that captures the complexities of this enigmatic region. The only guide of its kind, the Encyclopedia of Appalachia is replete with information on every aspect of Appalachia's history, land, culture, and people.Containing more than 2,000 entries in 30 sections, the Encyclopedia is designed for quick reference and access to the information you need to know. Teachers, students, scholars, historians, and browsers with a passing interest in this beautiful and richly distinct region will quickly come to rely on the Encyclopedia of Appalachia as the authoritative resource on Appalachia's past and present.The Encyclopedia details subjects traditionally associated with Appalachia-folklore, handcrafts, mountain music, foods, and coal mining-but goes far beyond regional stereotypes to treat such wide-ranging topics as the aerospace industry, Native American foodways, ethnic diversity in the coalfields, education reform, linguistic variation, and the contested notion of what it means to be Appalachian, both inside and outside the region.Researched and developed by the Center for Appalachian Studies and Services at East Tennessee State University, this 1,840-page compendium includes all thirteen states that constitute the northern, central, and southern subregions of Appalachia-from New York to Mississippi. With thorough, detailed, yet accessible entries on everything from Adventists to zinc mining, the Encyclopedia of Appalachia is an indispensable, one-stop guide to all things Appalachian.

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This study examines the current situation of training provided to journalists by news librarians in the United States and Australia. The study examines the factors affecting the provision of training and the potential for information literacy instruction to comprise most of the training provided. The definition of information literacy was explored in the context of journalists and news organisations. The study questions the adaptability of the concept to a workplace environment, where organisational and individual development is important. The results of a self-administered questionnaire are presented. Respondents indicated that news librarians are very willing to plan and conduct training, a clear majority agreeing that they should train journalists to search for their own information. Respondents also expressed a need for more training themselves with regard to the skills needed to deliver instruction. The results also found that training is at an early stage in news libraries, with few hours available for planning and conducting training, and mixed success with different training methodologies. A model is suggested as a method of selecting information literacy competencies for individual journalists. The model describes the relationships between individual, organisation, and occupation determined competencies. The study also discusses the implications of the lack of workplace training for journalists, which has impacted upon news libraries' ability to introduce training services. News librarians are providing training, and are pro-active in providing services and information to journalists, but managers do not yet recognise this as a major role for librarians in news organisations. / Information literacy instruction needs to become an organisational goal in order to succeed. The difficulties of assessing and evaluating information literacy instruction in the workplace are outlined. The need for measurable outcomes and preevaluation in training are emphasised. Several considerations for further research are detailed, including the need for further clarification of the nature of information literacy in the workplace, as well as the relationship between the role of information literacy instruction in formal university education and the workplace.

In terms of the importance of information literacy for future education; the efficacy of information learning is hardly assessed; therefore, the main purposes of this research were ¡]1¡^to assess the efficacy of information literacy education at case school;¡]2¡^to know what influences information literacy of students at case school;¡]3¡^to implement remedial courses based on Keller Plan ;¡]4¡^to assess whether Keller Plan is effective in improving information literacy educa- tion. In order to achieve this goal, information indicators of case school were used as a tool to assess the efficacy of information literacy education at case school and Keller Plan was adopted to improve students¡¦ information literacy. Finally, the production of graduation CD would be used to reassess teaching efficacy after the introduction of Keller Plan. Conclusions of this research were made as follows: ¢°¡B In the pretest, the efficacy of students¡¦ information learning did not corre- spond to information literacy indicators established by case school. ¢±¡B Gender, father¡¦s educational level, information equipment and habits of use did not make a significant impact on students¡¦ information literacy at case school. ¢²¡B Programmed Project based on Keller plan could improve general and inferior students¡¦ information literacy at case school. ¢³¡B Modified version of Keller Plan can be used to elevate students¡¦ information literacy. Suggestions of this research were listed below: ¢°¡B For school administration¡G ¡]a¡^ To establish certification mechanism for information literacy. ¡]b¡^ To adopt spiral curriculum for information literacy education. ¡]c¡^ To open information literacy courses for parents. ¢±¡B For teachers¡¦ teaching¡G ¡]a¡^ To adopt project-based teaching. ¡]b¡^ To integrate cooperative learning into information literacy education. ¡]c¡^ To teach skills before related concepts. ¢²¡B For students¡¦ learning¡G ¡]a¡^ To learn how to screen useful information. ¡]b¡^ To do extracurricular learning. ¢³¡B For future research¡G ¡]a¡^ To expand sampling locally or nationally. ¡]b¡^ To establish national certification system. Key words: information literacy, Keller Plan, action research

Under the promotion of the E-government¡¦s policy, and people generally enhance the quality of information, the E-society organizations have been hit the mainstream. Therefore, how to digitize the social organizations, and solve the obstacles of eletronization, will become every society organizations have to face the problem. As a result, the goal of this study is try to understand that social organizations electronization of the current situation, and difficult process. This study adopts the interview law. First of all, observation the use of the website of welfare organizations in Kaohsiung , as the body electronization of the preliminary understanding of the situation, and then through face-to-face interviews with eight members of social organizations, understanding the status of electronization, process and the difficulties. Study found that the current social organizations in the past used the information has been gradually disappearing, but some community organizations obtain equipment faster, some slower. And the earliest projects of electronization is the most common and most effective use of the word processing .Currently, the management of information, most of them are staffs, still luck of full-time IT staffs. At present the E-society organizations, mainly due to outside influence, particularly the E line with the Government's policy. Impact on society organizations electronization of the main difficulties are: 1. The lack of understanding of information technology, 2. Hardware and software for equipment, 3. The staff are not operating smoothly.

More patients are turning to the Internet as a source of health information. Nurses occupy the frontline of healthcare and must have information literacy (IL) competencies to guide themselves and their patients to the correct and appropriate health information on the Internet. Within magnet hospitals, which are exemplars for excellent nursing practice, there is an increased emphasis on evidence based practice and research, which requires IL. Exploring IL at magnet hospitals was reasonable considering such competence is promoted. Previous research indicates that nurses lack IL competencies which are necessary to inform their patients and impact healthcare but many studies rely on self-report measures. The purpose of this research study was to objectively measure the information literacy competencies of registered nurses at magnet hospitals, specifically their competencies in accessing and evaluating electronic health information, self-perception of information literacy, reliance on browsing the Internet for health information (versus libraries), and the relationship among these competencies. A convenient sample of 120 registered nurses, at four magnet hospitals, all components of a single healthcare organization, completed the Research Readiness Self-Assessment—Nurse (RRSA-Nurse), an interactive online instrument and a demographic data form. Data were analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and regression statistical methods. Nurses employed at magnet hospitals had a high ability to access and evaluate health information and high overall IL. Their self-perception in their abilities to access and evaluate health information was high and a majority did not rely on browsing the Internet for health information. Seven variables were significantly correlated to overall information literacy including role, graduate prepared nursing education, ability to access health information, ability to evaluate health information, library and research experience, contact with library staff, and library use. Nurses who were not reliant on browsing the Internet for health information and those with a graduate prepared nursing education had higher information literacy. Further research is necessary to explore qualities within magnet hospitals that contribute to the promotion of information literacy competencies in nurses. Understanding these qualities may assist with the development of interventions to increase information literacy among practicing nurses. / text