Orientador: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães / Banca: Eduardo José Wense Dias / Banca: Ligia Maria Arruda Café / Banca: Vera Lúcia Doyle Louzada de Mattos Dobedei / Banca: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita / Resumo: A indexação sistemática desenvolvida pelo bibliotecário alemão Julius Otto Kaiser no final do Século XIX e início do Século XX trouxe contribuições pioneiras para a concepção do quadro teórico do Tratamento Temático da Informação (TTI). No entanto, Kaiser é, quando muito, abordado pela literatura da área mais pela análise de assuntos baseada no binômio concreto-processo do que pelo desenvolvimento pioneiro da indexação enquanto método de construção de índices. Dessa forma, o presente estudo resgata a figura de Kaiser como referencial teórico no universo do TTI a partir da proposição de que, ao elaborar sua indexação sistemática, Kaiser concebeu os pilares iniciais do método analítico sintético, que por sua vez, serviu de base para o desenvolvimento da teoria da classificação facetada de Ranganathan. O quadro teórico que subsidia o estudo é formado pela bibliografia produzida pela vertente anglo-americana de TTI, nomeadamente, a classificação bibliográfica, a catalogação de assuntos e a indexação. Para tanto, contextualizou-se a trajetória profissional de Kaiser no cenário do TTI, de modo a revelar suas interlocuções teóricas com expoentes da área, fato que o colocou lado a lado com nomes como Otlet, Cutter e Ranganathan. Adotando como abordagem metodológica o pragmatismo de William James, cujo foco recai nos caminhos percorridos e nas possibilidades de realização, investigou-se como a sistemática procedimental do método de indexação de Kaiser pode figurar-se como precursora do método analítico sintético. A observação pragmática foi respaldada empiricamente pela análise das obras de Kaiser, que consistem no corpus fundamental da investigação. As dimensões analítica e sintética extraídas das obras de Kaiser possibilitaram a definição dos elementos fundamentais (pontos de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The systematic indexing developed by the German librarian Julius Otto Kaiser at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries brought groundbreaking contributions to the theoretical framework of the Subject Approach to Information (SAI). Neverthless, the SAI literature usually refers to Kaiser more through the subject analysis based on the concrete-process binomy than through the pioneering development of indexing as a method to construct indexes. This study addresses Kaiser as a theoretical reference in the SAI universe by proposing that Kaiser's conception of systematic indexing established the pillars of the synthetic analytical methods, which, in turn, was the basis for the development of Ranganathan's faceted classification. The theoretical framework on which this study is based is comprised by the literature produced by the Anglo-American approaches, namely bibliographic classification, subject cataloguing and indexing. To do so, we put Kaiser's professional career in the SAI scenario, showing his theoretical dialogues with other exponents of the area, which set him on the same level as others such as Otlet, Cutter and Ranganathan. For our methodological approach, we adopted the pragmatism of William James - which focuses on taken paths and the possibilities of accomplishment -, we investigated how the systematic procedures of Kaiser's indexing method can appear as a pioneer of the synthetic analytical method. Pragmatic observation was empirically supported by the analysis of Kaiser's works, which constitute a crucial body of investigation. The analytical and synthetic dimension in Kaiser's works allows the definition of variables used to relate his method with Ranganathan's. Based on such variables (elements of the analysis, development of analysis, development of synthesis and the products... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Walter Moreira / Banca: Maria Cláudia Cabrini Gracio / Banca: Lígia Maria Arruda Café / Resumo: A Organização do Conhecimento, deve dialogar de maneira produtiva com os instrumentos de recuperação da informação, tendo em vista sua eficácia, utiliza-se das linguagens documentárias (LDs)e dos sistemas de organização do conhecimento (SOCs). Considera-se oportuno apontar semelhanças e diferenças entre os SOCs e as LDs, para posteriormente melhor caracterizar o conceito de sistemas de organização do conhecimento e identificar quais são os autores mais utilizados por essa temática na Ciência da Informação no Brasil. Assim, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as teses de doutoramento dos Programas de Pós Graduação em Ciência da Informação com nota 6 pela Capes no Brasil, sendo estes o PPGCI-UNESP e PPGCI-UFMG, na linha de Produção e Organização da Informação (POI) com cobertura de (2001-2015). Justificativa-se a importância de discutir as diferenças conceituais de LDs e SOCs, pois é com a definição conceitual de cada termo de especialidade que se caracteriza determinada área de conhecimento. O corpus de análise foi composto por: teses da linha POI dos PPGCI-UNESP e PPGCI-UFMG cuja temática, principal ou secundária, envolva LDs e/ou SOCs. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se de estratégias de busca que contemplem os conceitos do objeto da análise: sistemas de organização do conhecimento, linguagens documentárias, tesauros, sistemas de classificação, taxonomias, ontologias e etc.. A análise a ser realizada segue a abordagem conceitual, alicerçado pela análise do conteúdo de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Knowledge Organization must interact in a productive way with the instruments of information retrieval, using documentary languages (LDs) and knowledge organization systems (SOCs). It is considered opportune to point out similarities and differences between SOCs and LDs, in order to better characterize the concept of knowledge organization systems and to identify which authors are most used by this subject in Information Science in Brazil. Thus, this research has the objective of analyzing the PhD theses of the Graduate Programs in Information Science with note 6 by Capes in Brazil, these being PPGCI-UNESP and PPGCIUFMG, in the Line of Production and Organization of Information (POI) With coverage of (2001-2015). We justify the importance of discussing the conceptual differences of LDs and SOCs, since it is with the conceptual definition of each specialty term that a particular area of knowledge is characterized. The corpus of analysis was composed by: theses of the POI line of the PPGCI-UNESP and PPGCIUFMG whose main or secondary theme involves LDs and/or SOCs. In order to collect data, we used search strategies that contemplate the concepts of the object of the analysis: knowledge organization systems, documentary languages, thesauri, classification systems, taxonomies, ontologies and etc. The analysis to be carried out follows The conceptual approach, based on the analysis of the content of Bardin (1977), in order to identify points of convergence and the complementarities between the concepts of LDs and SOCs in the analyzed works and thus to draw the conceptual path proposed by these PPGCIs with higher grades in Brazil . Conceptual frameworks were carried out in order to verify if there are conceptual differences of the researchers belonging to the same postgraduate program. The bibliometric approach was also used in order ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This study compares the practices of catalogers. Bibliographic records and subject headings were used for exploration of thesis and dissertation records in the databases of two Kuwaiti institutions to suggest ways to identify the best practices of library catalogers. This is the first research study to examine the bibliographic records for theses and dissertations in the databases of two Kuwaiti institutions. The researcher employed quantitative analysis of bibliographic records and an online survey with catalogers who created the records. The content analysis focused on the primary criteria of MARC 21 elements corresponding to the sufficiency and accessibility of the bibliographic records. The researcher observed a notable difference in the practices of the two Kuwaiti institutions' catalogers. Most significantly, there were differences in the distribution of the data in the subject heading fields. In one institution, catalogers were remarkably consistent in the numbers of subject headings and controlled vocabulary, while in the other, the data distribution was more random. This suggests greater efficiency in the recording of the subject heading by catalogers. This research has practical implications. It will benefit Kuwaiti institutions by improving catalogers' practices through increased attention to training, education, and development areas. Moreover, the research provided recommendations and suggestions for cataloging best practices and discussed the contributions, conclusions, limitations, and future research.

by Wong, Wai Ching. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-94). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.ii / Acknowledgments --- p.v / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Semistructured Data --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Problem Addressed in the Thesis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Labels and Values --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Discover Labels for the Same Attribute --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Classifying A Web Page --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- Related Work on Web Data --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Object Exchange Model (OEM) --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Schema Extraction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Discovering Typical Structure --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Information Extraction of Web Data --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Automatic Text Processing --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Stopwords Elimination --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Stemming --- p.20 / Chapter 3 --- Web Data Definition --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1 --- Web Page --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2 --- Problem Description --- p.27 / Chapter 4 --- Hierarchical Structure --- p.32 / Chapter 4.1 --- Types of HTML Tags --- p.33 / Chapter 4.2 --- Tag-tree --- p.36 / Chapter 4.3 --- Hierarchical Structure Construction --- p.41 / Chapter 4.4 --- Hierarchical Structure Statistics --- p.50 / Chapter 5 --- Similar Labels Discovery --- p.53 / Chapter 5.1 --- Expression of Hierarchical Structure --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2 --- Labels Discovery Algorithm --- p.55 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Phase 1: Remove Non-label Nodes --- p.57 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Phase 2: Identify Label Nodes --- p.61 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Phase 3: Discover Similar Labels --- p.66 / Chapter 5.3 --- Performance Evaluation of Labels Discovery Algorithm --- p.76 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Phase 1 Results --- p.75 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Phase 2 Results --- p.77 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Phase 3 Results --- p.81 / Chapter 5.4 --- Classifying a Web Page --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Similarity Measurement --- p.84 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.86 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.89

Informational problems are prevalent in political organizations. To understand incentive structures, transparency and policy expertise in political organizations, we need to examine their informational problems. This collection of essays is a contribution to the theory and application of information revelation in political organizations. In Chapter 1, I develop a theory of office incentives in a setting in which agents’ effort is crucial for learning policy information. Many organizations, such as government agencies and NGOs, learn about policy effectiveness through de- centralized experimentation. However, unobserved effort by an agent can affect the outcome of an experiment, thus limiting its informativeness. A principal can improve the informativeness of an experiment by motivating the agent, using of- fice as an incentive. The principal may keep the agent in office only when the outcome of an experiment is good, thereby creating high-powered office incen- tives for the agent. High-powered office incentives motivate the agent’s effort in implementing the experiment in order to stay in office. However, they also reduce the agent’s expected informational benefits from experimentation, which can reduce the effort expended by the agent in implementing the experiment. The degree to which the agent values achieving organizational goals affects such trade-offs. I show that the principal is more likely to use high-powered incentives when the agent places a high value on achieving organizational goals and when multiple agents implement the same experiment. In Chapter 2, I analyze a model where an autocrat may choose transparency in disclosing information to members of ruling group, particular information per- taining to the effectiveness of valence-policy by her. The effectiveness of the au- tocrat’s policy directly reflects her competence. The members’ belief about auto- crat’s competence in valence-policy making affects their support. If the autocrat is transparent about policy effectiveness, particularly tell the truth of an ineffec- tive policy, a favorable message of policy effectiveness will be convincing. The members will support the autocrat upon receiving a favorable message thereby. However, transparency also means a higher frequency of unfavorable message which leads to the withdrawal of support by the members of ruling group. The model shows the effect of intra elite conflicts on transparency. When the rul- ing faction doesn’t depend much on the autocrat, the autocrat tends to be more transparent. Further, there is a non-monotonic relationship between the degree of ideological conflict among competing factions and transparency. As conflict increases, transparency increases up to a threshold. Beyond this threshold, in- creased conflict is associated with reduced transparency. In addition, the model has implications on quality of bureaucracies that gather and report information. Finally, in Chapter 3, I study how political polarization at the mass level af- fects politicians’ policy making in common value issues. In the model, politicians representing two groups of voters with divergent ideologies compete for office. Voters have limited information about policy as well as politicians’ competence in policy making. After observing the incumbent’s policy choice, voters make voting decisions. I study two variations of election. First, there is a majority group and a minority group in the society. Second, society is composed of two competitive groups. In both variations, I show that in a society with a high level of polariza- tion, the incumbent politician is more likely to exercise her expertise regarding common value issues.

Lin, Zhenjiang. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-185). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Thesis (M.Eng. (Electronic Engineering) -- University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-99)

Thesis (M.I.S.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

Thesis (M.I.S.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

Orientador: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães / Banca: Fábio Assis Pinho / Banca: Suellen de Oliveira Milani / Resumo: Considerando a natureza mediadora dos processos de organização da informação, destaca-se a necessidade de abordagem da dimensão ética desses processos, especialmente no que se refere às consequências para a recuperação da informação. Assim, coloca-se o problema relativo aos conceitos de exaustividade e especificidade na indexação, considerando-se estes não só como simples medidas de recuperaçãoda informação mas também como valores éticos que condicionam a prática do indexador. Com base nos artigos recuperados na revisão bibliográfica e partindo da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2008), foram considerados os conceitos de exaustividade e especificidade, enquanto valores éticos na área da organização da informação. Os resultados foram analisados de modo a evidenciar as dimensões éticas que se associam à questão da exaustividade e da especificidade na prática da indexação, possibilitando um diagnóstico mais efetivo sobre essa questão. Conclui-se que essas características podem ser entendidas como além de medidas, pois afetam de forma direta a recuperação informacional, estabelecendo a quantidade e a qualidade dos termos representativos, ao mesmo tempo que podem também ser encarados enquanto valores éticos da atividade de indexação. / Abstract: Considering the intermediary nature of the Information Organization processes, it is important to point out the ethical components in this context, specially the ones related to Information Retrieval. In this way, this study has the aim to explore two concepts − exhaustivity and specificity − in indexing which can be moving from simple Information Retrieval measures to indexer's ethical values. This study has the goal to analyse the concepts exhaustivity and specificity as ethical values in Information Organization applying the content analysis method proposed by Bardin (2008). The results discussion was developed in a way which could present a scheme stressing the ethical dimensions associated with exhaustivity and specificity in indexing, concluding that these characteristics can be seen beyond mere measures, because they affect directly information retrieval, establishing quantity and quality of representative terms, regarded this way, as ethical values for indexing. / Mestre