Orientador: Ricardo Dahab / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T09:03:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Piva_FabioRogerio_D.pdf: 7931626 bytes, checksum: 2a9d167e0a1fd625d636fd24d4c0028e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O projeto de soluções criptográficas seguras a partir de uma perspectiva puramente teórica não é suficiente para garantir seu sucesso em cenários realistas. Diversas vezes, as premissas sob as quais estas soluções são propostas não poderiam estar mais longe das necessidades do mundo real. Um aspecto frequentemente esquecido, que pode influenciar em como a solução se sai ao ser integrada, é a forma como o usuário final interage com ela (i.e., fatores humanos). Neste trabalho, estudamos este problema através da análise de dois cenários de aplicação bem conhecidos da pesquisa em Segurança da Informação: O comércio eletrônico de itens digitais e Internet banking. Protocolos de trocas justas tem sido amplamente estudados, mas continuam não sendo implementados na maioria das transações de comércio eletrônico disponíveis. Para diversos tipos de itens digitais (e-goods), o modelo de negócios atual para comércio eletrônico falha em garantir justiça aos clientes. A validação de itens é um passo crítico em trocas justas, e recebeu pouca atenção dos pesquisadores. Nós acreditamos que estes problemas devam ser abordados de forma integrada, para que os protocolos de trocas justas possam ser efetivamente implementados no mercado. De forma geral, acreditamos também que isso seja um reflexo de paradigmas de projeto orientado a sistemas para soluções de segurança, que são centrados em dados em vez de usuários, o que resulta em métodos e técnicas que frequentemente desconsideram os requisitos de usuários. Contextualizamos como, ao subestimar as sutilezas do problema da validação de itens, o modelo atual para compra e venda de itens digitais falha em garantir sucesso, na perspectiva dos compradores, para as transações ¿ sendo, portanto, injusto por definição. Também introduzimos o conceito de Degradação Reversível, um método que inerentemente inclui o passo de validação de itens em transações de compra e venda com a finalidade de mitigar os problemas apresentados. Como prova-de-conceito, produzimos uma implementação de Degradação Reversível baseada em códigos corretores de erros sistemáticos (SECCs), destinada a conteúdo multimídia. Este método é também o subproduto de uma tentativa de incluir os requisitos do usuário no processo de construção de métodos criptográficos, uma abordagem que, em seguida, evoluímos para o denominado projeto de protocolos orientado a itens. De uma perspectiva semelhante, também propomos um método inovador para a autenticação de usuários e de transações para cenários de Internet Banking. O método proposto, baseado em Criptografia Visual, leva em conta tanto requisitos técnicos quanto de usuário, e cabe como um componente seguro ¿ e intuitivo ¿ para cenários práticos de autenticação de transações / Abstract: Designing secure cryptographic solutions from a purely theoretical perspective is not enough to guarantee their success in a realistic scenario. Many times, the assumptions under which these solutions are designed could not be further from real-world necessities. One particular, often-overlooked aspect that may impact how the solution performs after deployment is how the final user interacts with it (i.e., human factors). In this work, we take a deeper look into this issue by analyzing two well known application scenarios from Information Security research: The electronic commerce of digital items and Internet banking. Fair exchange protocols have been widely studied, but are still not implemented on most e-commerce transactions available. For several types of digital items (e-goods), the current e-commerce business model fails to provide fairness to customers. A critical step in fair exchange is item validation, which still lacks proper attention from researchers. We believe this issue should be addressed in a comprehensive and integrated fashion before fair exchange protocols can be effectively deployed in the marketplace. More generally, we also believe this to be the consequence of ongoing system-oriented security solution design paradigms that are data-centered, as opposed to user-centered, thus leading to methods and techniques that often disregard users¿ requirements. We contextualize how, by overlooking the subtleties of the item validation problem, the current model for buying and selling digital items fails to provide guarantees of a successful transaction outcome to customers, thus being unfair by design. We also introduce the concept of Reversible Degradation, a method for enhancing buy-sell transactions concerning digital items that inherently includes the item validation step in the purchase protocol in order to tackle the discussed problems. As a proof-of-concept, we produce a deliverable instantiation of Reversible Degradation based on systematic error correction codes (SECCs), suitable for multimedia content. This method is also the byproduct of an attempt to include users¿ requirements into the cryptographic method construction process, an approach that we further develop into a so-called item-aware protocol design. From a similar perspective, we also propose a novel method for user and transaction authentication for Internet Banking scenarios. The proposed method, which uses Visual Cryptography, takes both technical and user requirements into account, and is suitable as a secure ¿ yet intuitive ¿ component for practical transaction authentication scenarios / Doutorado / Ciência da Computação / Doutor em Ciência da Computação

This thesis sets out to answer the following central research question: what are the influences, challenges, benefits and costs of the Central Admission System (CAS) as an e-Governance initiative in improving undergraduates’ admissions service delivery and quality assurance in Tanzania’s higher education institutions?’ In answering this key question, three sub-questions were explored: (1) To what extent and in what ways does the implementation of the CAS influence the organisation of admissions work and workplace relations in higher education institutions? (2) What are the sociotechnical challenges of implementing the CAS? (3) What are the advantages of the CAS in improving admissions service delivery and quality assurance in higher education institutions? The sociotechnical theoretical framework is an ideal for exploring these issues as it accommodates the understanding of dual relationship between social and technological aspects of the CAS in line with the contextual issues in its implementation. The focus of the thesis is on Tanzania’s higher education institutions where the CAS is being implemented. The study is informed by data collected through interviews and documentary analysis. Data organization and analysis was done using NVivo 10 QSR software. The study demonstrates that, notwithstanding the fast development and uptake of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the implementation of the CAS in Tanzania is hampered by the fact that most of the end-users of CAS (particularly applicants) have relatively low access to the ICT infrastructure. Several factors continue to have a significant effect on the implementation of CAS, which in turn lead to implications for the uptake of improved admissions service delivery and quality assurance. A digital divide, resistance to change by some higher education institutions (HEIs), poor ICT skills among applicants, the costs of internet services, unreliable electricity supply, and inadequate IT experts continue to frustrate the objective of improved admissions service delivery and quality assurance. As a technological innovation in the workplace, the CAS has led to a restructuring of admissions work tasks among admissions officers, a need to review job descriptions, introduced tighter controls over admission work processes, and has shaped admission workers’ professional identities and self-presentations.

The Information and Communications Technology (ICT) skills shortage is of national and international concern. Modern business practices require the implementation of new technologies supported by a workforce with current and diversified ICT skill-sets. Acquiring suitable ICT skills has become a difficult task and employers are seeing government intervention at all levels. The school system in South Africa is under increased pressure and is faced with continuously declining matriculation pass rates, specifically in subjects such as science and mathematics. Schools are experiencing a decline in the number of scholars (learners) enrolling for the Information Technology (IT) school curriculum. The IT curriculum at school level is being criticised; under-prepared teachers are blamed and lack of suitable facilities highlighted. Surveys conducted amongst grade 9 and grade 12 scholars in the Eastern Cape have shown that scholars are not considering careers in ICT. Teachers, career/guidance counsellors and parents contribute to scholars' career decisions and are not encouraging scholars to pursue careers in ICT. Tertiary institutions in South Africa and internationally, are experiencing a decline in student enrolments and in pass and throughput rates. Industry is holding tertiary institutions responsible for not providing the “correct” ICT graduate skill-sets and passing an insufficient number of quality ICT graduates desperately required by industry. The accreditation of computing degree programs, such as Computer Science (CS), Information Systems (IS) and Information Technology (IT), collectively referred to as CIT, offered by tertiary institutions is becoming an international requirement. The ICT industry is constantly changing and new job requirements and new career opportunities are frequently introduced. Graduates entering the ICT industry should have acquired knowledge about ICT career tracks in order to specialise and choose a suitable career path. Tertiary CIT degree programs should further be linked to specific career tracks and provide a multi-disciplined education to graduates. ii ICT graduates working in industry utilise skills obtained in under-graduate and post-graduate CIT degree programs. The ICT graduates have also obtained valuable skills working in industry, including business skills and soft skills. ICT skill surveys have identified the graduate skills gap, indicating ICT skills industry requires from graduates completing tertiary level qualifications. ICT graduates working in industry, for example indicated that programming in some cases is over-emphasised at school and tertiary level and that soft skills are ignored by tertiary institutions. An ICT Graduate Skills Classifications Framework is developed to address the graduate ICT skills gap and highlight important business skills, soft skills, technical skills and programming skills required by industry. In this thesis, an Industry ICT Value Chain Model is further developed that suggests a holistic approach to the problems experienced at all levels of ICT skills development, including government, industry, tertiary education institutions and at school level. Results from a number of research surveys conducted along the proposed Industry ICT Skills Value Chain Model indicated that problems exist at all stages in the value chain and that the problems can only be addressed involving government, industry and tertiary institutions collectively. A number of interventions is required and the support from industry is essential in achieving overall success in addressing the ICT skills shortage in South Africa. A proposed Industry ICT Skills Value Chain Model that can be utilised to address the ICT skills shortage in South Africa is presented.

Developing countries like Tanzania experience challenges towards utilization and acceptance of ICT; calling for a need to further research on the concept. Open Source (OS) usage is a potential strategy for addressing such challenges. However, the success of this strategy strongly relies on the strength of the promotional efforts. The study, therefore aims at assessing the OS promotional efforts in relation to ICT acceptance challenges in Tanzania. This study entailed a descriptive, mixed-methods research. A literature analysis, document analysis and observations of OS community activities were conducted in order to list the ICT acceptance challenges. The results formed a basis for survey and interview questions. The findings obtained were triangulated to determine the existing OS promotional activities and assess the effectiveness of the promotional efforts in addressing ICT acceptance challenges in Tanzania. The study also makes recommendations on how OS promotional efforts should be changed to improve their effectiveness. / Computing / (M.Sc. (Information Systems))

<p>This study discussed the effect of new information and communication technologies use on adolescents. The research also assessed whether gender and frequency of use of new information and communication technologies would interact to influence self-esteem and social support from family and friends.</p>

This dissertation makes the connection between the human drive, as described by psychoanalysis, to construct God and the construction of the technological entity, Google. Google constitutes the extension of the early Christian period God to the twenty-first century. From the examination of significant religious and theological texts by significant theologians (Augustine, Thomas, Luther, Calvin, etc.) that explain the nature of God, the analogous relationship of God to Google will open a psychoanalytic discourse that answers questions on the current state of human mediation with the world. Freud and, more significantly, Lacan’s work connects the human creation of God, ex nihilio, to Google’s godly qualities and behaviors (omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence, and omnibenevolence). This illustrates the powerful motivation behind the creation of an all-encompassing physical / earthly entity that includes the immaterial properties of God. Essentially, Google operates as the extension or replacement of the long reigning God in Western culture. Furthermore, the advent of science and technology through rationalism (as outlined by Nietzsche) results in the death of the metaphysical God and the ascension of the technological God. Google offers an appropriate example for study. Moreover, the work of Jean Baudrillard and Marshall McLuhan will further comment on Google as the technological manifestation of God, particularly in its media formulations. Finally, this dissertation concludes with a review that highlights future research with an exploration that foresees the death of Google from the same rational method of inquiry by which the death of God occurred at the end of the nineteenth century. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

A organização social em que estamos inseridos é denominada por Castells (1999) como Sociedade em Rede que é caracterizada por um processo de miniaturização das tecnologias e equipada pela internet sem fio. Esses dois fatores se articulam continuamente, ocasionando o que vemos hoje nas cidades, nômades tecnológicos - usuários das tecnologias móveis que produzem, consomem e compartilham informação sem sair do fluxo vertiginoso da cidade. Dentro dessa realidade, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central o estudo da relação entre a produção imagética e a espacialidade. Com base nisso, realiza-se uma análise sobre a produção de vídeos gerados na cidade de Fortaleza-CE e compartilhados no site YouTube® junto a uma metodologia criada a partir pelo filme de Dziga Vertov - Um Homem com uma câmera (Rússia, 1929) - para um leitura urbana, discutindo as práticas desse usuários sob a ótica da arquitetura e urbanismo. / The social organization in which we are inserted is called Castells (1999) as Network Society which is characterized by a process of miniaturization of the Technologies and equipped with wireless internet. These two factors Continuously, causing what we see today in the cities, technological nomads - Users of mobile technologies that produce, consume and share information Without leaving the dizzying stream of the city. Within this reality, this research has as Central objective is the study of the relation between imagery and spatiality. With Based on this, an analysis is made on the production of videos generated in the city of Fortaleza-CE and shared on the YouTube® site together with a methodology created Dziga Vertov - A Man with a Camera (Russia, 1929) - for one Urban discourse, discussing the practices of these users from the perspective of architecture and urbanism.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-21T11:37:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janice Gusmão Ferreira de Andrade.pdf: 2042345 bytes, checksum: 6529e751351061fa13b84eb91babd584 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T11:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janice Gusmão Ferreira de Andrade.pdf: 2042345 bytes, checksum: 6529e751351061fa13b84eb91babd584 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Nobrow is a new concept, a new communicational phenomenon, a new aesthetics that characterizes the contemporary art and culture. It is a new moment in the cultura history of the XXI century. The term Nobrow refers to "highbrow" (a concept of art and literature, which characterizes them as "intellectualized, high-quality"), and "lowbrow" (that characterizes literature and art as with no connection or interest to serious cultural / intellectual ideas), so that it represents the concept of culture without a qualification of "lowbrow" or "highbrow", not specifically targeting a particular type of audience, or a specific area of knowledge. Nobrow is art without categorization. This research is based primarily on concepts and theories from John Seabrook and Peter Swirski, the only researchers on Nobrow, both of which having already legitimized its existence as more than simply reinterpretation of the concepts of highbrow and lowbrow, considering that these concepts gave life to the so-called hybrid works. Therefore, regarding Nobrow, it is the evolution of the hybrids originated from the interactivity characteristic of cyberculture. Secondarily, the research is fundamented on concepts of cyberculture, glocality and velocity from Baudrillard, Virilio and Trivinho. Internationalization and hybridism come from the ideas of Burke, Canclini and Canevacci; whereas theories of our era are handled by the visions of Augé, Bauman, Eagleton, Harvey, Jameson, Kumar, Lipovetsky and Lyotard. This Thesis examines this new Nobrow aesthetics, its scope and characteristics; investigating unclassifiable works and cultural movements of the twenty-first century that were influenced by cyberspace to check its belonging to Nobrow. To this end, the field research was developed both locally and internationally. It was necessary to interview artists, to analyze and compare works from different areas and different countries to demonstrate the essence of Nobrow, considering that it is the union of the world, of each work of art and each artist isolated locally on glocal bunkers; it is the internationalization of culture everywhere through cyberspace and through technology-based communication. Glocality brings us this globalization whilst we are isolated on it. Thus, the corpus of this research are works and/or movements from the visual arts, literature, performance arts and music. Their origins are from five different continents. By that, we intend to give adequate parameters to this century’s culture. Our society and culture are in a new phase, which no longer fits within the postmodernist’s definitions or any other. Nobrow is the name of this new era of non-absolute definitions, the “unclassifiablism”; it is the “post-postmodernism”. It is a worldwide phenomenon, a consequence of the lack of applicability of the old divisions of culture in highbrow and lowbrow. We must understand and accept the fact that these definitions as well as the naming of our Zeitgeist as “Postmodernism” or as anything else are outdated and no longer applicable to art and culture / Nobrow constitui novo conceito e, ao mesmo tempo, novo fenômeno comunicacional e nova estética da cultura e da arte contemporâneas. Como tal, implica um momento renovado na história da cultura do século XXI. Nobrow alude às expressões highbrow (que denomina as artes e a literatura, como “intelectuais” e “de alta qualidade”) e lowbrow (que caracteriza a literatura e as artes como sem conexão com ideias culturais “sérias”/“intelectuais”) de maneira a, com efeito, representar autonomamente o conceito de cultura sem remissão necessária a ambos os níveis (lowbrow ou highbrow), sem direcionamento específico a determinado tipo de público ou a determinada área de conhecimento. Nobrow corresponde à arte não categorizada. A presente pesquisa baseia-se, primordialmente, nas teorias e conceitos de John Seabrook e Peter Swirski, únicos pesquisadores sobre Nobrow, que já o legitimaram como mais do que mera releitura dos conceitos de alta e baixa cultura, uma vez que a mistura de ambas deu origem a obras chamadas de híbridas. Para além disso, Nobrow é o hibridismo proveniente da interatividade típica da cibercultura. Secundariamente, a pesquisa é fundamentada nas teorias de Baudrillard, Trivinho e Virilio, bem como nos conceitos de glocalidade e velocidade dos dois últimos autores, respectivamente. A tematização sobre a internacionalização e o hibridismo das culturas lastreia-se nas concepções de Burke, Canclini e Canevacci, enquanto a visão sobre a época contemporânea inspira-se nas obras de Anderson, Augé, Bauman, Eagleton, Harvey, Jameson, Kumar, Lipovetsky e Lyotard. A Tese analisa a nova estética Nobrow, sua abrangência e suas características, com foco em obras e movimentos culturais inclassificáveis do século XXI, influenciados, de algum modo, pelo ciberespaço. Especificamente, esse corpus abrange obras e/ou movimentos de autores das artes plásticas, da literatura, da performance e da música de cinco continentes diferentes. A investigação de campo se desenvolveu tanto em contexto local quanto no exterior. Foi necessário entrevistar artistas, analisar e comparar obras de diferentes áreas e de diferentes países para demonstrar os fundamentos do Nobrow, já que este é a união entre mundo, obra e cada artista isolado em bunkers glocais (nem locais nem globais), na internacionalização da cultura de todos os lugares através do ciberespaço e da comunicação proporcionada pela tecnologia. A glocalidade condiciona a mundialização das culturas ao mesmo tempo em que permanecemos isolados em contextos glocais. Com essas características, a Tese visa estabelecer parâmetros reflexivos mais adequados à natureza da cultura contemporânea, que se encontra em nova fase, por não se encaixar mais nas definições pós-modernistas e outras tantas. Nobrow é o nome desta nova era de definições não absolutas, o “inclassificalismo”; é o “pós-pós-modernismo”, um fenômeno mundial para além das antigas divisões da cultura em highbrow e lowbrow e consequente da defasagem de termos e sentidos. Conclusivamente, devemos compreender o fato de que tanto essas definições quanto qualquer denominação contemporânea de nosso Zeitgeist estão ultrapassadas, não sendo mais aplicáveis à arte e à cultura atuais

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Sc.-U.R.P.)-University of Natal, 2002.