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To inquire into entrepreneurship, a newly-emerging and interesting subject, our research has selected Taiwan¡¦s information technology electronics components industry as research target. By gathering vast- and primary- data, and using several representative Taiwanese component manufacturers as case studies, we found the ¡¥technical-amateur¡¦ phenomenon. This paper will clearly explain the contents, contextual factors, and advantages of technical-amateur entrepreneurship. These type of entrepreneurs are so-called ¡¥technical-amateurs¡¦ because they lacked previous work experiences in the information technology industry, i.e. outsiders; they also lacked technical ability of the typical blue-collared workers and the engineers, they were previously high-level managers in the manufacturing industry. Thus technical-amateurs tend to have vast- and extended- relationship networks that can quickly transfer capitals, to form capital team and gain the assistance of venture capital to attract the technical team; they also have sharp intuition that can strategize to move toward the mainstream to maximize market benefits; they also have managerial ability that can successfully assimilate the technology team and improve production efficiency while reducing production cost. These concepts are similar to the arguments of ¡¥fitness landscape¡¦, ¡¥co-evolution¡¦, and ¡¥the establishment of shared schema¡¨. There are several important contextual factors that led to the emergence of technical-amateurs. 1) Product technology already exists, but the process technology remains to be explored; 2) Clustering of the local information technology industry, especially the existence of world-class EMS manufacturers; 3) Rapid growths of venture-capitals; 4) Mobility of technology and talents; and 5) Profitability minimization of information products. Comparing to technical entrepreneurs, technical-amateur entrepreneurs have the following advantages: 1.By occupying the advanced-guard position in the information industry, can quickly discover entrepreneurial opportunities. Outsourcing under changes in the global commodity chain and the trend toward lighter- and smaller- information products, give rise to more entrepreneurial opportunities in the component industry. Since technical-amateurs maintain close relationships with venture-capital thus can organize capital team, therefore occupying the advanced-guard position where they can quickly discover emerging opportunities. 2.Powerful Capital Reinforcements. To achieve economies of scale, newly-founded components businesses must quickly improve its productivity. But before this could happen, manufacturer must experience a learning period where budgetary deficits are unavoidable. However due to the reinforcements of the capital team, technical-amateur entrepreneurs can lead through this difficult period and into a most profitable period of significant growths.

Published Article / The emergence of Information Technology (IT) is increasingly influencing the socio-economic and physical landscape of cities. It has also resulted in development of predominantly IT based industrial cities. These cities have the opportunities and challenges with respect to the development of their socioeconomic, infrastructural and environmental conditions because of the influence of the IT based industrial activities. This article therefore pertains to the analysis of the perspective impacts of IT industry and allied activities on the development of an emerging IT industrial activity based city. For this purpose, Pune, an emerging IT city in India was considered as a case study. Survey research methodology and a system dynamics modelling approach were employed to measure the influential socio-economic, infrastructural and environmental parameters of the city by considering the city as a system. This research shows that the location of IT industry and associated functions contribute significantly towards the socio-economic development of a city in terms of IT industry export, State Gross Domestic Product (SGDP), per capita SGDP, employment generation, to name some relevant aspects. However, there would be a reduction in satisfaction level of the infrastructure and an increase in environmental stress in the system, which needs strategic attention. Further, the model results and scenarios can facilitate evolving of feasible policy and strategic guidelines for the wholesome development of such cities.

Exorbitant executive compensation packages have drawn large criticism from the public eye and with the recent financial crisis and the previous tech bubble opinion on executive incentives has forced government institutions to respond. Over the past two decades the SEC and FASB have aimed to respond to the public and with three large regulation changes in the 2000s, pay for performance compensation has gone through many changes. In this study I build on previous work in an attempt to answer whether or not executives within the Information Technology industry have seen a larger decline in option compensation when compared to executives outside of the industry. Previous studies have indicated that option use has been consistently higher in the IT industry and in addition another study has showed that option use across all companies has decreased dramatically due to regulation changes. In this study I find that option use has dramatically decreased over the past decade due to regulation and that option use in the IT industry has remained consistently higher than others. I find that there is little significant evidence suggesting regulation changes have affected the IT industry at a larger rate than others. I would argue that the industry is less sensitive to regulation changes regarding option use but I do find significant evidence that the industry has seen larger decreases in option use in 2013 when compared to other industries.

Title: Do Different Industries Define Sustainability Differently? A Comparative Analysis of the Swedish Retail and IT Sectors.Level: Degree project at Undergraduate level (Bachelor’s degree) in the subject Business Administration Authors: Amanda Stål and Diana Hawaz AliSupervisor: Asif HuqDate: 2022-JuneAim: Examine the differences in the handling of sustainability issues within the retail and IT industries Method: The thesis was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The respondents consist of four retail companies and three IT companies.Results and conclusion: The results showed that although there are many similarities in how the respondents in the two industries handle sustainability issues, there were some differences in where they put their focus. Respondents in the retail industry were more inclined to focus on the environmental aspect of sustainability while respondents in the IT sector were shown to gravitate toward the social aspect. Contribution of the thesis: This thesis shows that the term “sustainability” differs depending on context, which would give researchers more freedom to change their definition of sustainability instead of trying to find one definition that fits every context.Suggestions for further research: Further research should be done with a greater sample pool to strengthen the transferability of the result. Keywords: Sustainability report, CSR, Retail industry, Information technology industry

資訊服務產業的發展，攸關所有產業的轉型升級，是促進資訊化社會發展與國家競爭力的動能。在資訊技術不斷進步下，物聯網、巨量資料、智慧城市等概念興起，使得資訊產品與服務的需求越來越客製化，從過去的單一產品與服務，逐漸偏向提供整體的解決方案，而在面對交易金額龐大且需求複雜的B2B企業客戶時，就相當仰賴業務人員的知識與能力，透過與顧客溝通的過程，傳遞產品與服務內容的資訊。 本研究透過「策略行銷4C架構」與「銷售管理程序」，針對I資訊服務公司的銷售訪談案例進行分析，探討銷案案例成功的因素、瞭解資訊服務產品在銷售時所蘊含的各項交易成本，以及業務人員在經營新客戶與舊客戶時的異同。 研究結果指出，銷售成功的原因除了必須比客戶更瞭解他們的需求外，也要依照交易時的環境、條件與目標限制進行分析，才能掌握與發揮自身的競爭優勢。而從本研究結果中可發現，資訊服務產品在銷售時，主要應著重降低買方的資訊蒐集與道德危機成本，尤其是在面對新客戶，雙方尚未達到互信基礎下，買方會懷疑賣方是否有履行合約的能力，因此可透過成功案例的分享、合約的保證或是其他可降低道德風險成本的方式，來降低雙方的交易成本﹔而對於已有合作經驗的舊客戶，維持一定的售後服務水準與關係，增加買方的專屬陷入成本，雙方才能有更長期的合作。

Regulation of admission to the United States for technology workers from foreign countries has been a difficult issue, especially during periods of intense development. Following the dot.com bubble, the Google Corporation continued to argue in favor of higher limits under the Immigration and Nationality Act exception referred to as "H-1B" for the section of the law where it appears. H-1B authorized temporary admission for highly skilled labor in specialty occupations. Congressional testimony by Laszlo Bock, Google Vice President for People Operations, provided the most succinct statement of Google's concerns based on maintaining a competitive and diverse workforce. Diversity has been a rhetorical priority for Google, yet diversity did not affect the argument in a substantial and realistic way. Likewise, emphasis on geographically situated competitive capability suggests a limited commitment to the global communities invoked by information technology. The history of American industry produced corporations determined to control and exploit every detail of their affairs. In the process, industrial corporations used immigration as a labor resource. Google portrayed itself, and Google has been portrayed by media from the outside, as representative of new information technology culture, an information community of diverse, inclusive, and democratically transparent technology in the sense of universal availability and benefit with a deliberate concern for avoiding evil. However, emphasis by Google on American supremacy combined with a kind of half-hearted rhetorical advocacy for principles of diversity suggest an inconsistent approach to the argument about H-1B. The Google argument for manageable resources connected to corporate priorities of Industrial Modernity, a habit of control, more than to democratic communities of technology. In this outcome, there are concerns for information technology and the Industry of Knowledge Work. By considering the treatment of immigration as a sign of management attitude, I look at questions posed by Jean Baudrillard, Daniel Headrick, Alan Liu, and others about whether information technology as an industry and as communities of common interests has achieved any democratically universal "ethical progress" beyond the preceding system of industrial commerce that demands the absolute power to exploit resources, including human resources. Does Google's performance confirm skeptical questions, or did Google actually achieve something more socially responsible? In the rhetoric of immigration history and the rhetoric of Google as technology, this study finds connections to a recycled corporate-management version of Industrial Modernity that constrains the diffusion of technology.