Orientador: Ana Sílvia Lopes Davi Médola / Banca: Oscar Angel Cesarotto / Banca: André Luiz Gellis / Resumo: O trabalho discute a natureza da comunicação social, seu estatuto disciplinar e suas principais abordagens teóricas, apresentando, em seguida, a psicanálise de Jacques Lacan com o objetivo de evidenciar suas contribuições conceituais e metodológicas ao campo. Segue-se o movimento das idéias propostas por Lacan para, posteriormente, colocá-las à prova em face de um objeto específico: os extras de obras cinematográficas em DVD. Para a construção do corpus foram selecionados cinco títulos de obras européias qualificadas como cult movies pela crítica especializada. A avaliação da arquitetura de tais produtos midiáticos enfatiza uma perspectiva voltada à compreensão de como neles se dá o tratamento da informação. Identificou-se que sua configuração consiste em um modo de organização de seus constituintes que conduz o espectador a descobrir uma synopsis, visão de conjunto, do antes, do durante e do depois do lançamento da obra cinematográfica no mercado / Abstract: The work discusses the scientific nature of the communication field and its main approaches. The study presents the psychoanalysis of Jacques Lacan in order to analyse its theoretical-methodological contributions to the research in this field. It follows the thinking movement of the author to check it further, now faced to an object: the special features of cinematograph artworks in DVD videos. Five titles of european cult movies were selected. The avaliation of the architecture that builds these midiatic products emphasizes a perspective that brings out the information organization in it. It was possible to identify that the logic of the information distribution on the DVD's structure is based on procedures which point out the different moments related to the creation process of the artwork and its promotion on the cinematograph market / Mestre

Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o néctar e o suco de laranja pronto para beber e sua rotulagem, com base na legislação vigente e na interpretação do consumidor. Foi realizada uma avaliação crítica da legislação brasileira de sucos, com ênfase no suco de fruta pronto para beber, visando compreender suas exigências com relação ao suco de laranja e à rotulagem. A adequação dos rótulos das principais marcas de néctar e de suco de laranja pronto para beber disponíveis em supermercados à legislação vigente foi avaliada, assim como suas características físico-químicas. O uso e a interpretação das informações constantes nos rótulos pelos consumidores e sua influência na decisão de compra foram avaliados por meio de entrevista em supermercados. A influência das informações do rótulo sobre a intenção de compra do consumidor foi estudada usando a análise conjunta de fatores. De acordo com os resultados foi verificado que existem lacunas na legislação brasileira de sucos que favorecem a interpretação equivocada e a presença de sucos não regulamentados no mercado, e que mudanças freqüentes e diferentes informações em legislações de rotulagem concomitantemente vigentes também podem levar à interpretação equivocada pelo consumidor. Verificou-se que as datas de fabricação e de validade foram as informações do rótulo mais consultadas pelos entrevistados e os fatores mais importantes para a decisão de compra do produto foram marca, preço e sabor. As expressões néctar, suco integral e natural ou 100% natural foram interpretadas de maneira positiva pelos consumidores, enquanto a expressão suco reconstituído foi interpretada negativamente. Os rótulos das marcas de néctar e suco de laranja pronto para beber analisadas atenderam à legislação de sucos e bebidas, à legislação... (Resumo completo, clicara cesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the ready to drink nectar and orange juice and the label, with basis of Brazilian labeling regulations and the consumer interpretation. A critical evaluation of fruit juice Brazilian regulations, with emphasis on ready to drink fruit juice, was carried out to understand the requirements related to orange juice and labeling. The suitability of labels from the main brands of commercially available ready to drink orange juice to the Brazilian regulations was evaluated, as well as the physicochemical characteristics. The consumer interpretation and use for labeling information and their influence on the decision of purchase were evaluated by interviews at supermarkets. The influence of labeling information on the purchase intention of the consumers, using conjoint analysis was also studied. The results showed that there are some gaps in fruit juice Brazilian regulations that allow mistaken understanding and inclusion of not regulated juices in the market, and that frequent changes and different information in the Brazilian labeling regulations in force at the same time also can take to mistaken understanding. The interpretation of the consumers pointed out that date of manufacture and shelf life were the most important information on the label and brand, price and flavor were the most important factors for purchasing. The interpretation of the consumers of ready to drink orange juice about the expressions nectar, whole and natural juice or 100% natural was positive, while that from the expression reconstituted juice was negative. Labels from all the brands of ready to drink nectar and orange juice were in accordance with the fruit juice and beverage Brazilian regulations, the food packaged labeling Brazilian regulations, the complementary nutritional information regulations and the presence or absence... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Magali Monteiro da Silva / Coorientador: Karina Olbrich dos Santos / Banca: Valéria Paula Rodrigues Minim / Banca: Natalia Soares Janzantti / Mestre

Orientador: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães / Banca: Eduardo Ismael Murguia Marañon / Banca: Nadina Aparecida Moreno / Banca: Johanna Wilhelmina Smit / Banca: Renato Tarciso Barbosa de Souza / Resumo: A identidade de uma disciplina de natureza científica está vinculada à capacidade de se distinguir com clareza seu objeto de estudo, aplicar métodos próprios e desenvolver uma linguagem especializada, de tal modo que seja possível estabelecer relações em diferentes níveis, com outras disciplinas. Dentre os inúmeros desafios que a Arquivística tem sido exposta, a estruturação em termos de linguagem especializada é citada por teóricos como sendo de grande relevância. Partindo do pressuposto que a sedimentação de alguns conceitos básicos contribui para avançar em direção ao desenvolvimento da área, buscou se conhecer, de modo comparativo, a concepção de professores e de teóricos da área, a respeito de termos como "arquivo" e "informação arquivística". Os professores selecionados foram àqueles responsáveis pelo ensino de aspectos fundamentais, contemplados em disciplinas oferecidas nas séries iniciais dos cursos de Arquivologia do Brasil. A abordagem utiliza a análise teórica descritiva para a exposição do posicionamento dos teóricos e professores e em que medida existe corelação entre esses dois grupos. Observou-se que o referencial teórico que sustenta o ensino arquivístico no Brasil é caracterizado pelo uso de autores nacionais que disseminam sua produção científica em periódicos. Em relação ao conceito "arquivo" pareceu haver maior desenvoltura por parte dos professores em apresentar uma definição que, quase sempre, está refletida pela literatura nacional. No entanto, "informação arquivística" é um termo que causa certo desconforto na comunidade arquivística, de modo geral / Abstract: The identity of a scientific discipline is linked to the ability to clearly distinguish its object of study, apply its own methods and develop a specialized language so that it is possible to establish relationships at different levels, with other disciplines. Among the many challenges that the Archival Science has been exposed, the act of structuring in terms of specialized language is mentioned by theorists as being of great significance. Assuming that the consolidation of some basic concepts helps to move toward the development of the area, this study aimed to investigate, through a comparison, the conception of professors and theorists in this area about terms such as "archive" and "archival information". The selected professors were those responsible for teaching fundamental aspects taught in the first series of courses on Archival Science in Brazil. The approach uses theoretical-descriptive analysis for exposure of the positioning of theorists and professors, it discusses to what extent there is correlation between these two groups. It was observed that the theoretical referential that supports archival education in Brazil is characterized by the approach of national authors who disseminate their scientific output in journals. The professors' conception on the concepts reveals, at times, the shallowness with which the issue has been handled. Regarding the term "archive", it seemed to be a greater boldness on professors' part to present a definition that is nearly always a reflection of what the national literature professes. However, in relation to "archival information", it is noticed that it is still a term that causes some discomfort in the archival community in general / Doutor

In order for autonomous vehicles to achieve life-long operation in outdoor environments, navigation systems must be able to cope with visual change---whether it's short term, such as variable lighting or weather conditions, or long term, such as different seasons. As a GPS is not always reliable, autonomous vehicles must be self sufficient with onboard sensors. This thesis examines the problem of localisation against a known map across extreme lighting and weather conditions using only a stereo camera as the primary sensor. The method presented departs from traditional techniques that blindly apply out-of-the-box interest-point detectors to all images of all places. This naive approach fails to take into account any prior knowledge that exists about the environment in which the robot is operating. Furthermore, the point-feature approach often fails when there are dramatic appearance changes, as associating low-level features such as corners or edges is extremely difficult and sometimes not possible. By leveraging knowledge of prior appearance, this thesis presents an unsupervised method for learning a set of distinctive and stable (i.e., stable under appearance changes) feature detectors that are unique to a specific place in the environment. In other words, we learn place-dependent feature detectors that enable vastly superior performance in terms of robustness in exchange for a reduced, but tolerable metric precision. By folding in a method for masking distracting objects in dynamic environments and examining a simple model for external illuminates, such as the sun, this thesis presents a robust localisation system that is able to achieve metric estimates from night-today or summer-to-winter conditions. Results are presented from various locations in the UK, including the Begbroke Science Park, Woodstock, Oxford, and central London.

Accurate and robust localisation is a fundamental aspect of any autonomous mobile robot. However, if these are to become widespread, it must also be available at low-cost. In this thesis, we develop a new approach to localisation using monocular cameras by leveraging a coloured 3D pointcloud prior of the environment, captured previously by a survey vehicle. We make no assumptions about the external conditions during the robot's traversal relative to those experienced by the survey vehicle, nor do we make any assumptions about their relative sensor configurations. Our method uses no extracted image features. Instead, it explicitly optimises for the pose which harmonises the information, in a Shannon sense, about the appearance of the scene from the captured images conditioned on the pose, with that of the prior. We use as our objective the Normalised Information Distance (NID), a true metric for information, and demonstrate as a consequence the robustness of our localisation formulation to illumination changes, occlusions and colourspace transformations. We present how, by construction of the joint distribution of the appearance of the scene from the prior and the live imagery, the gradients of the NID can be computed and how these can be used to efficiently solve our formulation using Quasi-Newton methods. In order to reliably identify any localisation failures, we present a new classifier using the local shape of the NID about the candidate pose and demonstrate the performance gains of the complete system from its use. Finally, we detail the development of a real-time capable implementation of our approach using commodity GPUs and demonstrate that it outperforms a high-grade, commercial GPS-aided INS on 57km of driving in central Oxford, over a range of different conditions, times of day and year.

This thesis is about the construction and automatic target-less calibration of a 3D laser sensor; this is then used to localise an autonomous vehicle without using other sensors. Two novel contributions to our knowledge of robotics are presented here. The first is an automatic calibration routine, which is capable of learning its calibration parameters using only data from a 3D laser scanner. Targets with known dimensions are not required, as has previously been the case. The second main contribution is a localisation algorithm, which uses the high quality data from the calibrated 3D laser scanner with trajectory information from an additional source to build maps of the environment. The vehicle subsequently localises itself within these maps, using the 3D laser sensor alone. Inaccurate laser data manifests itself as blurring when it is plotted in 3D space. The automatic calibration routine recognises that the environment has a true underlying structure to it, and expresses the amount of disorder in the measured laser points using a cost function based on the entropy of the 3D laser data. By optimising this quantity, we obtain the true calibration parameters for the system. We have quantified the accuracy of this algorithm by simulating a static environment from which we draw laser measurements with known calibration parameters. It was found that our calibration system converges to the true calibration values of the sensor. We also address the problem of robotic localisation, as a continuous problem, evaluating precisely the continuous trajectory that the robot has taken as well as the location of the robotic platform. Maps are constructed using the high accuracy data stream from the 3D laser, combining it with an odometry stream, to build high quality laser point cloud maps. The algorithm localises the robotic platform within these maps using a single 3D laser sensor. We vary our estimate of the vehicle's trajectory, treating the scans from the 3D laser and the location of the vehicle as continuous data streams, in a way that maximally aligns the 3D laser data and the map; this is achieved by optimising a cost function based on the Kernelised Rényi Distance. This procedure is typically computationally taxing; however, the computational complexity and computation time of the overall system have been reduced considerably using an efficient algorithm known as the Improved Fast Gauss Transform (IFGT), making the system viable even for large amounts of laser data. An additional speedup was achieved by calculating the Jacobian of the cost function, rearranging it to a form calculable using IFGT approximations. These efficiencies reduce the cost of evaluating the system to near real time. We evaluate the accuracy of our localisation system by comparing it to a DGPS stream as the best available source of ground truth. We show that our system performs more consistently than DGPS. This was especially prominent in regions where the line of sight to GPS satellites was obscured by trees. It was found that the accuracy of our system was comparable to that of the DGPS system.

Orientador: João Antonio Galbiatti / Banca: Teresa Cristina Tarlé Pissarra / Banca: Marcilio Vieira Martins Filho / Banca: David Luciano Rosalen / Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz / Resumo: O presente estudo trata da avaliação da degradação ambiental da bacia do rio Uberaba, situada no Triângulo Mineiro. Esta bacia possui área de 2.419,04 km2, abrange os municípios de Uberaba, Veríssimo, Conceição das Alagoas e uma pequena porção de Planura. Neste estudo foi produzido o mapa de degradação ambiental contendo quatro níveis: baixo; moderado; acentuado e severo. Os indicadores utilizados nesta avaliação foram: vegetação; topografia; solo/geologia; potencial natural de erosão; mecanização; área agrícola; densidade populacional; pecuarização e área de conflito, aos quais foram atribuídos pesos. Para o nível de degradação "baixo" foram definidos valores <=13 pontos. Para o nível "moderado", valores situados no intervalo de 14 a 16. Entre 17 a 19 pontos para o nível "acentuado", e o nível "severo" com valores >= 20 pontos. Este estudo consolida as conseqüências do uso inadequado dos solos, não respeitando as suas aptidões naturais. As áreas com nível moderado representam 46,97 %. As áreas classificadas com nível acentuado 47,96 %, e severo 4,10 %; juntas, representam 52,06 %, o que revela um indício muito forte no avanço da destruição dos recursos naturais. As áreas classificadas com nível baixo representam apenas 0,97 %, com destaque para o descaso na preservação dos seus recursos naturais. / Abstract: The present study deals with the assessment of the environmental degradation of the river basin Uberaba, located in the Triangle Mineiro. This basin has area of 2,419.04 km2, covering the municipalities of Uberaba, Veríssimo, Conceição of the Alagoas and a small portion of Planura. In this study, the map of environmental degradation was produced contend four levels: low; moderate; accented and severe. The indicators used in this evaluation had been: vegetation; topography; soil/geology; natural potential of erosion; mechanization; agricultural area; population density; cattleraising and area of conflict, which were assigned weights. For the level of degradation "low" were defined values <=13 points. To level the "moderate", values located i n the range of 14 a 16. It enters 17 a 19 points for "the accented" level, and the level "severe" with values >= 20 points. This study consolidates the consequences of the inadequate use of land, not respecting their natural aptitudes. Areas with moderate level represent 46.97 %. The areas classified with accented level marked with 47.96 %, and severe 4.10 %; together, represent 52.06 %, which shows a very strong indication in the advance of the destruction of the natural resources. The areas classified with low level represent only 0.97 %, with emphasis on the neglect the preservation of its natural resources. / Doutor

Orientador: Maria Helena Toledo Costa de Barros / Banca: Bárbara Fadel / Banca: Mario Carlos Beni / Resumo: A informação transformada em conhecimento, contextualizada e potencializada pelo uso das novas tecnologias, é o caminho mais rápido para o desenvolvimento sustentável e o diferencial competitivo de muitas comunidades. Esse processo é a força motriz do segmento turístico, um dos setores da economia que mais cresce no mundo, segundo dados da Organização Mundial de Turismo (OMT), movimentando aproximadamente U$ 4,5 trilhões por ano e gerando 190 milhões de empregos (10,6% da força mundial de trabalho). Nos municípios brasileiros onde a atividade turística é planejada de forma estratégica e com ampla participação da comunidade, o turismo se transforma em importante alternativa econômica e de desenvolvimento sustentável. Onde transcorre desordenadamente, os impactos sociais, ambientais e econômicos do turismo causam prejuízos, quase sempre, irreversíveis. Por meio da realização do Inventário da Oferta Turística de Echaporã (SP), buscou-se identificar as unidades de produção rural e o potencial turístico do município, a fim de compor o arranjo produtivo local. Echaporã enfrenta graves problemas econômicos e sociais. Este trabalho propõe a implantação do agroturismo como fonte alternativa de renda, emprego e desenvolvimento sustentável para o Município, tendo como parâmetro o modelo de agroturismo implantado em Venda Nova do Imigrante (ES), referência nacional nesta modalidade de turismo no espaço rural. Nesse sentido, caracterizou-se a gestão e a tecnologia da informação bem como seu papel preponderante no desenvolvimento do turismo. Com apoio na literatura específica e em visitas in loco, sistematizou-se informações referentes à experiência de Venda Nova do Imigrante (ES), de modo a subsidiar o processo de elaboração e desenvolvimento de ações e políticas públicas relacionadas ao turismo em Echaporã. O conteúdo informacional disponibilizado... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The information transformed in knowledge, contextualized and potentialized by the use of new technologies, is the fastest way for the sustainable development and the diferential competiveness of many comunities. This process is the main force of the tourist segment, one of the sections of the economy which has presented the widest growth in the world, according to data of the World Tourism Organization, dealing approximately with $ 4,5 trillions a year and generating 190 millions of employments 10,6% of the world work force. In Brazilian districts where tourism activity is strategically planned with a wide participation of the comunities, tourism becomes an important economic and sustainable alternative. In a place where social, environmental and economical impacts occur, damages are irreversible. Through the accomplisment of the Inventory of the Tourist Offer in Echaporä (SP), there was a search to identify the units of rural production and tourist potential of the district, in order to make the productive arrangement of the place. Echaporä has faced serious economical and social problems. This work proposes the implantationof agrotourism as an alternative source of income, employment and sustainable development for the district following the model of the one implanted in Venda Nova Do Imigrante(ES), national reference in this tourism in rural area.In that way, it was chacterized the technology and administration management of information as well as its prepoderant role in the development of the tourism. Specific information supported by specific literature ans visits in loco were used as references to experiences in Venda Nova Do Imigrante(ES), in order to elaborate the process and develop actions and public policies related to tourism in Echaporä. The theoretical information available in this work relates the technological information and its interations to... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Maria Eunice Quilici Gonzalez / Banca: Lauro Frederico Barbosa da Silveira / Banca: Itala Maria Loffredo D'Ottaviano / Resumo: Este trabalho tem por objetivo defender a hipótese (H1) de que o conhecimento sensorial manifesta um aspecto complementar interno/externo. Apoiados no realismo ontológico - tal como desenvolvido por Peirce (1958) e Aristóteles (1981) - e no realismo informacional - tal como proposto por Stonier (1997) e Schaeffer (2001) -, caracterizamos a face interna do conhecimento sensorial como uma apresentação mental dos perceptos. No contexto da apresentação mental, sustentamos que os perceptos afetam a consciência sensorial de acordo com a sua (do percepto) matriz informacional de qualidades sensíveis. Apoiados na abordagem ecológica ao conhecimento sensorial, tal como desenvolvida por Gibson (1986) e Gonzalez (2005), caracterizamos a face externa do conhecimento sensorial como uma relação estabelecida entre o percebedor e as oportunidades de ação - informação ecológica - inscritas em seu ambiente. Defendemos, também, a hipótese (H2) de que a informação ecológica pode estar (1) dobrada (enquanto uma affordance) no ambiente e (2) desdobrada (incorporada) na percepção-ação dos agentes. Por fim, concluímos que a ação é o elemento central por trás da unidade ontológica, complementar, agente/ambiente. / Abstract: This work aims at defending the hypothesis (H1) according to which perceptual knowledge presents an internal/external complementary aspect. Based upon both the ontological realism - developed by Peirce (1958) and Aristotle (1981) - and the informational realism - put forward by Stonier (1997) and Schaeffer (2001) -, we characterize the internal feature of the perceptual knowledge as a mental presentation of percepts. In the context of mental presentations, we argue that percepts affect the perceptual consciousness according to an (ecological) informational matrix of perceptual qualities. Based upon the ecological approach to the perceptual knowledge, developed by Gibson (1986) and Gonzalez (2005), we characterize the external feature of perceptual knowledge as a relation established between agents and opportunities for action present in their environment. We also defend the hypothesis (H2) according to which ecological information can be (1) enfolded (as an affordance) in the environment and (2) unfolded (incorporated) in the agents' perception-action. Finally, we conclude that action is the central element behind the ontological complementary agent/environment unity. / Mestre

Orientador: José Augusto Chaves Guimarães / Banca: Leilah Santiago Bufren / Banca: Ely Francina Tannuri de Oliveira / Resumo: Com o objetivo de caracterizar a produção científica docente da área de Tratamento Temático da Informação - T.T.I. foram selecionados 77 artigos de periódicos de autoria de 19 docentes de pós-graduação atuantes na área, buscando detectar as características dessa produção e das fontes de informação utilizadas pelos docentes-autores que possam oferecer um conhecimento mais amplo da área enquanto espaço de atuação acadêmica. Com os dados extraídos desses artigos, foi montada uma base de dados contendo os seguintes campos: autor, título do artigo, título da publicação, palavras-chave, citações, país, idioma e ano da publicação e instituição do autor. Para trabalhar os dados, foi utilizado o software VantagePoint que organiza a informação permitindo a geração de listas e matrizes de cruzamento de dados que possibilitam verificar os relacionamentos existentes entre os campos. Quanto à produtividade dos docentes autores, que estão distribuídos em 5 universidades (USP, UNESP, UFMG, UnB e UFF), a análise dos dados revelou que o conjunto manteve uma média de publicação de 4 a 5 artigos por ano, durante o período de 1990 a 2006. Esses artigos foram publicados em quatro idiomas - português, inglês, espanhol e francês - em 27 periódicos de 9 países, sendo 18 deles publicados no Brasil verificando-se, ainda, uma forte tendência a publicar em periódicos conceituados e de qualidade comprovada. Uma análise das 817 referências contidas nos artigos revelou um total de 659 autores citados e uma preferência pela utilização de livros como fonte de informação na ordem de 50%, assim como a predominância de autores clássicos da área como base teórica. Além disso, foi identificada uma presença em torno de 20% da produção do grupo de docentes na literatura utilizada na área, caracterizando o impacto e o valor da produção desses docentes para a área. / Abstract: Aiming at characterizing the scientific production of professors in the area of Subject Treatment of Information - S.T.I., 77 Journal articles by 19 post-graduation professors acting in the field, were selected, so as to detect the characteristics of this production and information sources utilized by authors- professors which may provide a wider knowledge of the area as an academic acting space. From the information provided by these articles, a database encompassing fields such as author, title of the article, title of publication, keywords, citations, country, language, year of publication and institution of the author, was compiled. The VantagePoint software, which organizes the information allowing the generation of lists and data-crossing matrices, which in turn enable one to verify the existing relationships among the fields, was used. As for the productivity of authors-professors who are distributed in 5 universities (USP, UNESP, UFMG, UnB and UFF), a data analysis showed that group kept an average of 4 to 5 articles per year, from 1990 to 2006. These articles were published in four languages - Portuguese, English, Spanish and France - in 27 Journals of 9 countries, being 18 published in Brazil and a strong trend to publish in renowned and high quality Journals was seen. An analysis of the 817 references contained in the articles, revealed a total of 659 authors cited and a 50% preference for books, as an information source, as well as the predominance of classical authors of the area, used as a theoretical base. In addition, some 20% of the professors' production in the literature used in the area, was identified, thus characterizing the impact and importance of this production for the field. The subjects approached were identified from the key-words utilized, demonstrating a predominance of interest for the processes of the area, being indexing the most frequent subject. / Mestre