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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Characterization and measurements of advanced vertically aligned carbon nanotube based thermal interface materials

McNamara, Andrew J. 13 January 2014 (has links)
It has been known that a significant part of the thermal budget of an electronic package is occupied by the thermal interface material which is used to join different materials. Research in reducing this resistance through the use of vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotube based thermal interface materials is presented. Transferred arrays anchored to substrates using thermal conductive adhesive and solder was analyzed through a steady-state infrared measurement technique. The thermal performance of the arrays as characterized through the measurement system is shown to be comparable and better than currently available interface material alternatives. Furthermore, a developed parametric model of the thermal conductive adhesive anchoring scheme demonstrates even greater potential for improved thermal resistances. Additionally, a developed transient infrared measurement system based on single point high speed temperature measurements and full temperature mappings is shown to give increased information into the thermophysical properties of a multilayer sample than other steady-state techniques.
2

Chování mazaných kontaktů za vysokých skluzů / Behaviour of lubricated contacts under high-sliding conditions

Adam, Jakub January 2018 (has links)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to describe the influence of individual operating parameters on thickness and temperature distribution of elastohydrodynamic contact under high slip ratio. In this work, the distribution of the lubricant film thickness is determined by optical interferometry and the temperature mapping in EHL contact is realized by infrared microscopy. Two optical filters were used to separate the radiation of contact surfaces and oil. Temperature of disk surface was measured using a sapphire disk with chromium layer that shielded radiation from ball and oil. The experimental device was modified to simulate the conditions of the various vectors between entrainment and sliding speed. The results extend existing information about behavior of EHL contact under high slip ratio conditions.
3

DEVELOPMENT OF FLUORESCENCE-DETECTED PHOTOTHERMAL MICROSCOPY METHODS FOR MAPPING CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Aleksandr Razumtcev (18097990) 04 March 2024 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">The beautiful complexity of our world is manifested in how macro- and even planetary-scale processes are essentially completely determined and regulated by chemical and physical transformations happening at the micro- and nanoscale. The introduction and subsequent development of optical microscopy methods have provided us with a unique opportunity to visualize, probe, and sometimes even control these processes that are too small to be seen by the human eye by their nature.</p><p dir="ltr">Among the great variety of truly impressive advances in microscopy instrumentation, two techniques stand out in their widespread and usefulness. First of them, fluorescence imaging has completely revolutionized the study of biological specimens and living systems due to its unprecedented single-molecule sensitivity and resolution combined with video-rate imaging capability. On the other hand, chemical imaging in the mid-infrared region provides an unmatched amount of chemical information enabling label-free mapping of the spatial distribution of various classes of biological molecules. However, each of these techniques falls short where the other excels. For example, despite its high resolution and sensitivity, fluorescence imaging does not carry direct chemical information and relies on labeling specificity, while infrared microscopy is diffraction-limited at the resolution of several micrometers and suffers from low penetration depth in aqueous solutions.</p><p dir="ltr">This dissertation introduces a novel imaging method designed to combine the advantages of fluorescence imaging and infrared spectroscopy. Fluorescence-detected photothermal mid-IR (F-PTIR) microscopy is presented in <b>chapter 1</b> as a technique enabling sub-diffraction chemically-specific microscopy by detecting local temperature-induced fluctuations in fluorescence intensity to inform on localized mid-infrared absorption. F-PTIR applications in targeted biological microspectroscopy (<b>chapter 1</b>) and pharmaceutical materials (<b>chapters 2 and 3</b>) analysis are demonstrated to highlight the potential of this new method. Furthermore, instrumentation developments relying on modern radiation sources such as dual-comb quantum cascade laser and synchrotron infrared radiation are shown to improve spectral acquisition speed (<b>chapter 4</b>) and spectral coverage (<b>chapter 5</b>), respectively, to extend the application range of F-PTIR.</p>
4

Microscopy with undetected photons in the mid-infrared

Kviatkovsky, Inna 20 October 2023 (has links)
Die einzigartige (bio)-chemische Spezifität der mittleren Infrarotmikroskopie birgt ein enormes Potential für eine breite Palette biomedizinischer und industrieller Anwendungen. Eine wesentliche Einschränkung ergibt sich jedoch durch die unzureichenden Detektionsmöglichkeiten in diesem Wellenlängenbereich, da derzeitige Mittelinfrarot-Detektoren meist durch geringere Leistungsfähigkeit bei deutlich höheren Anschaffungskosten gekennzeichnet sind. Dementsprechend verlagern neuentwickelte Technologien mitunter die Detektion in den sichtbaren Spektralbereich, in dem eine weitaus bessere, Silizium-basierte Kameratechnologie verfügbar ist. Ein solches Verfahren, das im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit steht, ist die Quantenbildgebung mit undetektiereten Photonen, welche sich zunehmend als leistungsfähiges Werkzeug für Infrarot-Bildgebung entwickelt. Der optische Aufbau basiert auf nichtlinearer Interferometrie bei der räumlich verschränkte, nicht-entartete Photonenpaare die Entkopplung der Analyse- und Detektionswellenlängen ermöglicht. Entsprechend wird die Bildgebung im mittleren Infrarotbereich durch die Detektion von Nahinfrarotlicht mit einer handelsüblichen CMOS-Kamera realisiert. In dieser Arbeit wird die beschriebene Methode auf die Mikroskopie übertragen, wodurch Abbildungen biologischer Gewebeproben im mittleren Infrarotbereich mit einer Auflösung von geringer als 10 Mikrometer angefertigt werden können. Darüber hinaus werden zwei Abbildungsregime untersucht, die auf den komplementären Impuls- und Positionskorrelationen der Photonenpaare basieren. Weiterführende Möglichkeiten der Kombination von Quanten-Bildgebung mit unentdeckten Photonen und FTIR-Spektroskopie zum Zwecke der räumlich-spektral kontinuierlichen Datenerfassung werden besprochen. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse stellen die Entwicklungsfähigkeit der Quantenbildgebung mit unentdeckten Photonen unter Beweis und demonstrieren ihr Potential für praxisnahe Anwendungen in der Biomedizin und der Industrie. / The unique (bio)-chemical specificity of mid-infrared (IR) microscopy holds tremendous promise for a wide range of biomedical and industrial applications. Significant limitation, however, arises from poor detection capabilities in this wavelengths range, with current mid-IR detection technology often marrying inferior technical capabilities with prohibitive costs. Accordingly, emerging approaches shift detection into the visible regime, where vastly superior silicon-based camera technology is available. One such technique, and the one that is in the center of this thesis is quantum imaging with undetected photons (QIUP), which has recently emerged as a new powerful imaging tool. The optical layout is based on nonlinear interferometry, where spatially entangled non-degenerate photon pairs enable the decoupling of the sensing and detection wavelengths, facilitating mid-IR wide-field imaging through the detection of near-IR light with an off-the-shelf CMOS camera. Additionally, the method is expanded towards microscopy, attaining sub-10 μm resolution, demonstrating our technique is fit for purpose, acquiring microscopic images of biological tissue samples in the mid-IR. Additionally, two imaging regimes are explored, based on the complementary momentum and position correlations. A comparison between the two regimes is presented and some limitations of the technique are discussed. Further efforts of combining QIUP with Fourier Transform IR spectroscopy for spatio-spectral continuous data acquisition are reviewed. The presented results demonstrate the achieved progress towards advancing QIUP to enable real-world biomedical as well as industrial imaging applications.
5

Combinaison des techniques de biologie moléculaire et de la spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge pour l'authentification des denrées destinées à l'alimentation humaine et animale

Fumière, Olivier 11 May 2010 (has links)
Résumé: Lauthentification est un concept large dans lequel il sagit de pouvoir contrôler ladéquation entre le produit et les informations indiquées sur létiquette. Les techniques utilisant la spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge dune part, et celles basées sur la PCR dautre part, permettent daborder lauthentification des produits alimentaires sous des angles totalement différents. Loriginalité de ce travail était de les associer pour résoudre deux problèmes précis : 1. lauthentification des poulets de chair à croissance lente utilisés dans des productions de qualité différenciée soumises à des cahiers des charges contraignants ; 2. la détection des farines animales dans lalimentation pour le bétail. Nos travaux sur les poulets de chair nous ont permis de développer des modèles de discrimination reposant sur les spectres dans le proche infrarouge de la viande de poulet. Ils distinguent, pour plus de 80 % des individus, les poulets issus de souches à croissance lente de ceux issus de souches à croissance rapide. Les résultats dune expérimentation animale ont également démontré que la spectrométrie dans le proche infrarouge était capable de mettre évidence des fraudes au niveau de lalimentation des animaux. Deux marqueurs moléculaires spécifiques du type de souche de poulets ont été mis en évidence et caractérisés. Pour le marqueur moléculaire caractéristique des poulets à croissance rapide, un test rapide utilisable en routine a été développé. Dans le cas de la détection des farines animales dans lalimentation du bétail, une méthode de PCR en temps réel sensible et spécifique a été mise au point participant avec succès à des études inter-laboratoires internationales. Associée dans une stratégie originale à la MPIR (microscopie dans le proche infrarouge), elle permet la détection spécifique de particules de farines de viande et dos. Summary: Authentication is a large concept focussing on the control of the correspondance between the product and the information provided on the label. Techniques based on near infrared spectroscopy on the one hand, and those based on PCR on the other hand, allow to tackle the authentication of food and feed products by different sides. The originality of this work was to associate both techniques to solve two specific problems : 1. authentication of slow growing chickens bred in high quality productions according to restricting specifications ; 2. the detection of meat and bone meals in feedingstuffs. The work on the chicken allowed us to develop discriminant models using the near infrared spectra of chicken meat. These models discriminate the chicken from slow- vs. fast-growing chicken for more than 80 % of the animals. The results of an animal experimentation also showed that near infrared spectroscopy was able to detect feeding frauds. Two molecular markers specific of the type of chicken strains were found and characterised. For the one related to the fast-growing chicken strains, a rapid assay applicable in routine testing was conceived. In the case of the meat and bone meal detection in feedingstuffs, a specific and sensitive real time PCR method was developed. It participated succesfully to international inter-laboratory studies. Its combination with NIRM (near infrared microscopy) through an original strategy allows the specific detection of meat and bone meal particles.
6

Développements de modèles optiques et de méthodes non supervisées de résolution des problèmes bilinéaires : application à l’imagerie vibrationnelle / Development of optical models and non-supervised methods to solve bilinear problems : application to vibrationnal mapping

Bonnal, Thomas 24 April 2018 (has links)
La caractérisation fine des matériaux inorganiques nécessite d'avoir accès à des informations complémentaires de celles apportées par des techniques d'analyse élémentaire ou de diffraction. La spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier permet de caractériser les liaisons covalentes et l'environnement des groupes fonctionnels dans les matériaux. C'est donc une technique de choix pour l'étude des matériaux hydratés, amorphes ou sujets à des phénomènes de vieillissement. En couplant cette technique à une platine de déplacement, il est possible de réaliser des cartographies des phases sur quelques centimètres carrés : c'est la microscopie infrarouge. Cette thèse développe plus particulièrement l'utilisation de la lumière réfléchie au travers de l'étude de la réflexion spéculaire et de la réflexion totale atténuée (ATR).Après une première partie se focalisant sur les méthodes d'acquisitions disponibles, une seconde partie s'attache à obtenir de manière non supervisée les cartographies chimiques associées aux concentrations relatives des différents composants présents dans la zone analysée. Des techniques de réduction de données et d'analyse factorielle sont mises en place afin d'estimer le nombre de composants chimiques et leurs spectres relatifs ; des problèmes de minimisation sous contraintes sont résolus pour extraire l'information chimique. La réflexion spéculaire ne nécessite aucun contact avec l‘échantillon et, de ce fait, n'entraine aucune altération de la surface analysée. C'est sur le papier une technique de choix pour suivre l'évolution d'un matériau. Cependant, elle souffre de la complexité d'interprétation liée à l'allure des spectres obtenus. Afin de développer la cartographie issue de la réflexion spéculaire, des modèles prenant en compte l'optique géométrique, l'optique ondulatoire, des corrections d'interférogrammes et des méthodes classiques d'homogénéisation ont été développés. Ce travail a permis d'aboutir à un modèle optique liant les spectres issus de la réflexion spéculaire avec les concentrations relatives des composants. Ce modèle tient compte de la polarisation, de l'angle d'incidence et utilise les constantes diélectriques du matériau. Ce modèle a été validé sur un matériau contenant trois composants distincts facilement identifiables en infrarouge et spécialement mis en forme pour cette étude. Ce modèle a ouvert la voie à l'utilisation innovante de lumières polarisées elliptiquement pour déterminer l'indice de réfraction complexe d'un matériau. Ainsi, des spectroscopes infrarouges couplés à un accessoire de contrôle de l'angle d'incidence peuvent être utilisés en complément de l'ellipsométrie / Complementary information, to that provided by elemental analysis and diffraction techniques, is needed to characterize inorganic materials. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy enables to characterize covalent bonds and the environment of functional groups in materials. Thus, it is a technique of interest to study hydrated materials, amorphous materials or any materials, which may experience ageing phenomena. By combining this technique with a micrometric motorized stage, cartographies of chemical compounds can be obtained on several square millimeters: this is the infrared microscopy technique. This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the use of reflected light, in particular through the study of specular reflection and of Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR). After a first part focused on the different acquisition set-ups, a second part covers the unsupervised methodologies of resolution employed to obtain chemical maps. They result in one map for each component present in the analyzed area. Dimensions reduction techniques and multivariate statistics techniques are implemented to estimate the number of components and their infrared spectra; minimization problems under constraints are solved to retrieve chemical information. When specular reflection is used to acquire spectra, no contact is made with the sample, thus no damage of the analyzed area occurs during the acquisition. A priori, it is a great technique to study the evolution of a material. However, this technique suffers from the complexity of interpretation of the resulting spectra. With the objective to democratize the use of specular reflection to obtain chemical maps, models based on geometrical optics and including diffraction, correction of interferograms and classical homogenization techniques have been developed. This work resulted in an optical model linking the angle of incidence, the polarization state and the dielectric optical constants of the material with the reflected light, which is measured. A model material, constituted of three distinct phases, detectable in the infrared range, has specially been fabricated to validate this optical model. This model set the stage for the use of elliptically polarized light in the determining of the complex refractive indices of materials in the infrared range. Thanks to this development, infrared spectroscopes, equipped with a classical set-up to control the angle of incidence, can now be used in addition to ellipsometry techniques

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