The title of my Master's degree thesis is "Proceedings relating to decedent's estate". I have chosen this topic because of many reasons. Although it is a traditional institute of civil procedure law, the topic is still very actual with regard to the new legislation in the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., The Civil Code, which was a significant extension of inheritance law, and the related procedural legislation in the Act No. 292/2013 Coll., on special judicial proceedings. Another reason is that I find this topic interesting, mainly because of its complexity and significant blending of procedural and substantive legislation. Since participation in inheritance proceeding is an inevitable issue in person's life, I wanted to extend my knowledge of the new legislation. Moreover I find this topic wrongfully overlooked in advocacy, to which I would like to head after graduation. The aim of the thesis is to describe the course of proceedings relating to decedent's estate and to show the different stages of the procedure and also include important substantive aspects and institutes which affect this procedure in the extent necessary. With regard to the adoption of new legislation I tried to highlight the most important changes and differences between the new legislation and legislation effective until 31. 12. 2013,...

v anglickém jazyce The aim of the thesis is to compare legal regulations of testament in the Czech and German legislation. A maiori ad minus methodical procedure is used in the thesis. After general characteristics of testament, the work is focused on the regulation of testament in Roman law, which significantly influenced the current legislation in the Czech and German law. Furthermore, the attention is paid to the regulation of testament on the Czech territory during 20th century, especially to the Czech Civil Code 40/1964. Subsequently, the thesis characterizes the current legal regulation of testament in the Czech Civil Code 89/2012 in detail. This analysis is mainly based on legislation, expert commentaries and literature, judgment and internet resources. After processing the Czech regulation of testament, the thesis changes its area of interest to the regulation of the German legislation of testament. At this chapter similar methodological procedure and legal resources were used. The comparison of testament in the Czech and German legal system showed following conclusion: although the legal regulation of testament is very similar, especially due to the historical roots of Czech and German law, several significant differences have been revealed, e. g. the concept of capacity to dispose, the...

My master's thesis titled "Legal Professions involved in the justice system" is focused on a notary public. This chosen legal profession originates from the ancient Rome. In this historical period was constituted a tradition of the profession existing in the continental legal system. Notary public has a specific position among legal professions on grounds of its functions. Notarial activities are patterned on a general legal principle including constitutional conventions (principles). The purpose of my thesis is to analyse and describe a performance of this profession by notaries in their practice. The text of the thesis is composed of seven chapters. The first of them deals with some elementary information about the notary public as a type of legal profession, the difference between legal aid and legal services and eventually the form of regulation of particular professions which are regulated by special Acts such as the Code of Notarial Practice (the Notarial Act). The Chapter Two focuses on the history of this legal profession and the impact on the current form in the Czech Republic. In the Third Chapter titled "A Notary in the legal order of the Czech Republic" I described some key words from their practise and a subject matter, for example a notary (notary public), notarial activity, an...

The subject of this diploma thesis is to analyze the basic inheritance law institutes before and after the recodification of private law in the Czech Republic. Considering the forthcoming effect of the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the New Civil Code which will replace the current Civil Code No. 40/1964 Coll. and which introduces significant changes into the inheritance law, the main aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive picture of selected inheritance law institutes in the light of these specific changes, their assessment and outline of the beneficial and problematic areas. The thesis is composed of five main chapters, each of them dealing with a specific area of inheritance law institutes. The introductory chapter of the thesis defines the concept and legal regulation of the inheritance law in the Czech Republic. I also briefly define the basic principles that are crucial for the inheritance law, whereas I emphasize the principle of will autonomy, which is the main principle for the new inheritance law regulation. The second chapter explains the concept of inheritance law institute and outlines also the new concepts of inheritance law. The main goal of the thesis is particularized in the final part of the chapter. Chapter three examines the basic assumptions of hereditary succession; for the...

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L’évolution sociologique dans les deux pays au cours de ces cinquante dernières années a été rapide. Les conceptions de la famille ont évolué dans le temps et dans l'espace, selon les époques et selon les sociétés avec le développement de la famille nucléaire. Depuis longtemps le mariage est considéré comme une chaine entre l’homme et la femme pour créer la famille. Aujourd’hui en France, le mariage n’est pas la seule voie pour créer des relations entre les hommes et les femmes, et surtout pour créer une famille ou pour avoir des relations sexuelles. Il existe plusieurs modes de vie en famille. Les sociétés contemporaines se caractérisent par le pluralisme. Familles en mariage, familles hors mariage. En Iran selon la loi, la coutume du mariage reste la voie unique des relations entre les hommes et les femmes.En fait, ce qui dans chaque société représente une menace forte pour la famille, c’est l’individualisme exagéré et les familles désunies. L’individualisme extrême peut être analysé comme une cause de dérobade pour les individus ce qui a pour effet de rendre les protagonistes inattentifs au concept social de la famille et ne lui permet plus de jouer son rôle de vecteur des valeurs sociales telles que l’éducation des enfants, la transmission de la culture et de la morale sociale de la famille. Dans notre thèse nous expliquons quelle est la place sociale du mariage en Iran et la place de la religion au sujet du mariage, nous faisons une comparaison entre les deux droits, nous parlons de la loi Chiite qui, grâce à sa flexibilité, peut être un outil pour faire avancer les réformes du droit de la famille et du mariage et nous aider à résoudre les problématiques actuelles de la société dues au cadre religieux.En Iran, pour protéger la famille, des réformes sont nécessaires. Avec les évolutions sociales la famille a changé, il est donc indispensable pour le bon fonctionnement de la société que la loi se mette en harmonie avec ces évolutions. Ces changements de forme de société sont en marche depuis plus de 30 ans mais la loi, elle, n’a presque pas évoluée. Notre étude approfondie des deux systèmes juridiques, notre comparaison et notre regard croisé peuvent être une aide précieuse à une évolution, respectueuse de nos valeurs, aujourd’hui nécessaire. / The sociological evolution in both countries over the past 50 years has been fast. The concept of family has evolved through time and place, based on different periods and different societies along with the development of nuclear family. For a long time marriage has been considered as a way for men and women to build a family. Today in France, marriage is not the only way to build up a relationship between men and women and especially to start a family or sexual relationships. There exist various family life styles. Contemporary societies are characterized by pluralism: marriage-based families, non marriage-based families. According to the law in Iran, the custom of marriage is the only way for men and women to be on a relationship.In fact, what is considered as a great menace to the family in each society is the exaggerated individualism and split families. Extreme individualism can be analyzed as a factor for individuals to evade responsibilities. Consequently people become indifferent to the social concept of family and do not play their role as vectors of the social values anymore, like educating the children, the transmission of the culture and of the social morals of the family.In our thesis we will talk about the social status of marriage in Iran and the standing of religion regarding marriage, we will make a comparison between Iranian and French Law, talk about the Shiite law which, thanks to its flexibility, can be a tool for advancing the reforms of family and marriage rights and for helping solve the current problems of Iranian society based on a religious framework.In Iran reforms are necessary to protect families. The family has been changed throughout social evolutions; therefore for society to function properly, it is absolutely necessary for the law to be in keeping with these evolutions. These changes of society structure started more than 30 years ago but the law has barely evolved. This detailed and thorough study of the two legal systems, their comparative analysis can be a great help towards promoting today necessary but reverent evolution of our values.

Fideicommissum Abstract The diploma thesis addresses the institute of fideicommissum or fideicommissary substitution which was reintroduced in the legal order of the Czech Republic by the new Civil Code No. 89/2012 Coll. The institute of fideicommissum is part of private law, in particular of inheritance law, which can be found in Chapter 3, Part 3 of the Civil Code. Fideicommissum assists to adjust property and family relations, in particular by preserving and transferring family assets for private purposes in accordance with the current needs of today's society. The institute is nowadays very practical as it enables a testator to dispose of his/her property in a better way in the event of his/her death as it allows the testator in predictable situations to appoint any persons who are to take the position of the original heir specified in the last will and testament in the event of heir's death. The first part of the thesis focuses on the creation of the institute of fideicommissum, its development and its various forms in which the institute occurred throughout the history. The second part of the thesis introduces institutes of private law, in particular inheritance law which is linked with the institute of fideicommissum or has some common features. This part deals with the essence and significance of...

[pt] As obras poéticas de duas autoras portuguesas, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (1919-2004) e Adília Lopes (n. 1960), refletem sobre o que é a poesia e, ao fazê-lo, procuram uma solução para um problema legado pela modernidade: como conciliar a liberdade da arte com uma função social? No esforço de superar o abismo que vem dos modernos, as suas obras apresentam surpreendentes pontos de contato. A tese estuda os pontos de aproximação entre as duas autoras, mas não deixa de examinar as significativas diferenças entre elas, em geral associadas à própria história da poesia no século XX. Ambas mantêm com a tradição da modernidade uma relação de proximidade e afastamento simultâneos. / [en] The works of Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (1919-2004) and Adília Lopes (born in 1960), two Portuguese poets, are constantly investigating about the nature of poetry and searching a social function for it. They both seem to try to find an answer for a question Modernity has left: is it possible to combine the freedom of poetry with a social role for it? On trying to find a solution for this problem, their works reveal surprising similarities. This thesis studies the connections between this two writers, as well as the significant differences between their works, which are usually associated to the history of poetry in the 20th century. Sophia and Adília have a relationship with the tradition of modernity that is simultaneously close and distant.

As idéias cotidianas influenciam a aprendizagem de conceitos científicos e afetam a educação científica da população, de maneira que é imprescindível compreender sua origem e dinâmica de transmissão para o planejamento de políticas educacionais. As teorias de evolução cultural contribuem para o entendimento da origem, fixação e distorções das idéias cotidianas em um grupo social, esclarecendo a dinâmica de propagação das idéias cotidianas. Verificar e documentar a transmissão cultural de conhecimento cotidiano exige a identificação e comparação das idéias cotidianas empregadas pelas pessoas para explicar os fenômenos naturais com os quais entram em contato, de modo a permitir a descrição de padrões. Essa comparação é viabilizada pela codificação das idéias em modelos explicativos delimitados pela descrição de determinados atributos e características da explicação. Esse procedimento torna possível a quantificação e permite o teste de hipóteses de transmissão cultural. Sabendo-se obter e comparar as concepções de uma pessoa é possível investigar toda uma comunidade, rastreando a disseminação dessas idéias, possibilitando assim o estudo da transmissão do conhecimento cotidiano através das gerações. Essa dissertação propõe um protocolo de pesquisa a ser empregado no estudo de transmissão cultural de idéias cotidianas sobre os fenômenos patológicos hereditários a ser realizado em Serrinha dos Pintos e municípios vizinhos (RN), contribuindo para a descrição da diversidade de idéias cotidianas e investigação os processos de transmissão e fixação dessas idéias ao longo das gerações. / The learning of scientific concepts is largely influenced by everyday knowledge. It is therefore necessary to understand its origins and transmission dynamics for the proper planning of educational policies. The theories of cultural evolution contribute to understanding the origin, fixation and distortions of everyday ideas within a social group, explaining the spread dynamics of everyday knowledge. Checking and documenting the cultural transmission of everyday knowledge requires the identification and comparison of ideas used by people to explain natural phenomena with which they come in contact, in order to allow the description of patterns. This comparison is possible by the consolidation of the ideas in explanatory models defined by the description of certain explanation attributes and characteristics. This procedure makes it possible to quantify and allows testing of hypotheses of cultural transmission. The proper collection and comparison of a single person\'s ideas and thoughts enables us to form an idea of the community as a whole and to track the spread of these ideas. Consequently, enables us to study the transmission of everyday knowledge through the generations. This work proposes a research protocol to be used in the study of cultural transmission of ideas on the everyday phenomena of hereditary diseases to be held in Serrinha dos Pintos and neighboring counties (RN), thus contributing to the description of the diversity of everyday ideas and research processes related to the transmission and fixation of these ideas through the generations.

Cette thèse traite des langages à objets en héritage multiple et typage statique exécutés avec des machines virtuelles. Des analogies sont à faire avec Java bien que ce langage ne soit pas en héritage multiple.Une machine virtuelle est un système d'exécution d'un programme qui se différencie des classiques compilateurs et interpréteurs par une caractéristique fondamentale : le chargement dynamique. Les classes sont alors découvertes au fil de l'exécution.Le but de la thèse est d'étudier et de spécifier une machine virtuelle pour un langage à objets en héritage multiple, pour ensuite spécifier et implémenter des protocoles de compilation/recompilation. Ces derniers devront mettre en place les optimisations et les inévitables mécanismes de réparations associés.Nous présenterons d'abord l'architecture et les choix réalisés pour implémenter la machine virtuelle : ceux-ci utilisent le langage Nit en tant que langage source ainsi que le hachage parfait, une technique d'implémentation de l'héritage multiple.Ensuite nous présenterons les spécifications pour implémenter des protocoles de compilation/recompilation ainsi que les expérimentations associées.Dans ce cadre, nous avons présenté une extension des analyses de préexistence et de types concrets, pour augmenter les opportunités d'optimisations sans risque. Cette contribution dépasse la problématique de l'héritage multiple. / This thesis is about object-oriented languages in multiple inheritance and static typing executed by virtual machines.We are in the context of a Java-like language and system but in multiple inheritance.A virtual machine is an execution system which is different from static compilers and interpreters since they are in dynamic loading.This characteristic makes classes to be discovered during the execution.The thesis' goal is to study, specify and implement a virtual machine for an object-oriented language in multiple inheritance and then in a second step to specify and implement compilation/recompilation protocols.These protocols are in charge of optimizations and unavoidable repairing.We will present the architecture of the virtual machine : the used language is Nit, and perfect hashing as the multiple inheritance implementation technique. Then we will present the protocols and the experiments.In this thesis, we have presented an extension of preexistence and concrete types analysis to increase optimization opportunities. This contribution is not limited to multiple inheritance object-oriented languages.