Orientador: Luis Guillermo Bahamondes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-07T16:42:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliato_CassiaRaquelTeatin_D.pdf: 2310620 bytes, checksum: fd8518fdd702439cfec0703cbfc61af7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) em usuárias de dois tipos de contraceptivos injetáveis combinados (CIC) mensais e comparar com controles. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal com 97 mulheres de 20 a 45 anos, usuárias de CIC com 25mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona e 5mg de cipionato de estradiol (AMP/CypE2, Cyclofemina) por 12 a 82 meses (n=64) ou 50mg de enantato de norestisterona e 5mg de valerato de estradiol (NET-EN/ValE2, Mesigyna) por 12 a 60 meses (n=33), pareadas por idade (± 1ano) e índice de massa corpórea (IMC, kg/m2) (± 1) com usuárias de DIU TCu 380A como grupo de controle. A DMO foi avaliada nas regiões distal e ultradistal do rádio, no braço não dominante, utilizando a técnica de absorciometria óssea, com feixe duplo de raios-X (DXA). RESULTADOS: A DMO no midshaft da ulna foi de 0,457 ± 0,007 nas usuárias de Cyclofemina® e 0,465 ± 0,007 nos controles. Nas usuárias de Mesigyna® a DMO foi 0,463 ± 0,008 e 0,458 ± 0,009 nos controles. No rádio distal, a DMO foi 0,399 ± 0,011 e 0,401 ± 0,010 nas usuárias de Cyclofemina® e controles, e 0,400 ± 0,009 e 0,388 ± 0,10 nas usuárias de Mesigyna® e controles, respectivamente. Não houve diferença na DMO entre as usuárias de CIC e o grupo de controle. Não houve diferença entre as usuárias dos dois tipos de CIC e também não houve diferença entre as usuárias de CIC com relação ao tempo de uso menor ou igual e a partir de três anos. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres com idade entre 20 e 45 anos, usuárias de CIC com AMP/CypE2 ou NET-EN/ValE2, apresentaram DMO similar entre os dois tipos de CIC e controles (usuárias do DIU TCu 380A), quando pareadas por idade e IMC / Abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) between users of two kinds of once-a-month combined injectable contraceptives (CIC) and controls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This crosssectional study included 97 women of 20 to 45 years of age, using CIC containing either 25 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate and 5 mg of estradiol cypionate (MPA/E2Cyp, Cyclofemina) (for 12 to 82 months) or 50 mg of norethindrone enanthate and 5mg of estradiol valerate (NET-EN/E2Val, Mesigyna) (for 12 to 60 months) matched by age (± 1 year) and body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) (± 1) with users of the TCu 380A intrauterine device as controls. BMD was evaluated at the midshaft of the ulna and at the distal section of the radius of the nondominant forearm using double X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The BMD at the midshaft of the ulna was 0.457 ± 0.007 and 0.465 ± 0.007 in the MPA/oE2Cyp group and controls, respectively, and 0.463 ± 0.008 and 0.458 ± 0.009 in the NET-EN/oE2Val group and controls, respectively. At the distal radius, the BMD was 0.399 ± 0.011 and 0.401 ± 0.010 in users of MPA/oE2Cyp and controls, respectively and 0.400 ± 0.009 and 0.388 ± 0.010 in users of NET-EN/oE2Val and controls, respectively. There were no differences in BMD between users of either CIC and non-users at either section of the forearm studied. There were also no differences in BMD between users of the two CIC at either section of the forearm. CONCLUSIONS: Women aged 20 to 45 years old, currently using one of these two kinds of CIC, presented similar BMD to controls paired by age and BMI (kg/m2) and similar between both CIC / Doutorado / Tocoginecologia / Doutor em Tocoginecologia

Objectif : Étudier l'association entre l’utilisation de contraceptifs hormonaux et le risque d'acquisition du VIH-1 chez les femmes au Malawi, en Afrique du Sud, en Zambie et au Zimbabwe. Devis : Analyses secondaires de 2887 femmes âgées de 17-55 ans ayant participé à l’étude HPTN 035, une étude de phase II/IIb sur l’efficacité de deux gels microbicides pour prévenir la transmission du VIH chez les femmes à risque. Méthodes : L'association entre l'utilisation de contraceptifs hormonaux et le risque d'acquisition du VIH-1 a été évaluée en utilisant des modèles de Cox. Des risques relatifs sont estimés où le groupe de référence est celui des femmes qui n’utilisent pas de contraceptifs hormonaux. De plus, un modèle multivarié de Cox est utilisé afin de contrôler pour les facteurs potentiellement confondants. Résultats : Les contraceptifs injectables ont été utilisés par 52,1% des femmes, alors que les contraceptifs oraux ont été utilisés par 20,7% de celles-ci. Pendant l'étude, il y a eu 192 séroconversions. L'incidence observée du VIH était de 2,28; 4,19 et 4,69 pour 100 personne-années pour les contraceptifs oraux, injectables et non hormonaux, respectivement. Lors de l’analyse multivariée, nous n'avons trouvé aucune association significative entre l’usage des contraceptifs hormonaux et l’acquisition du VIH-1. Le risque relatif ajusté (RRa) pour les contraceptifs oraux est de 0,573 (IC de 95% : [0,31-1,06]) et 0,981 (IC de 95% : [0,69 ; 1,39]) pour les contraceptifs injectables. Conclusions : Bien que cette étude ne démontre pas d’association entre l’usage des contraceptifs hormonaux et le VIH-1, nous concluons toutefois que ces méthodes de contraception ne protègent pas contre le VIH-1, et il est ainsi recommandé aux femmes utilisant des hormones contraceptives de toujours utiliser le condom pour prévenir l'infection au VIH-1. / Objective: To investigate the association between the use of hormonal contraceptive and the risk of acquiring HIV-1 infection in women from Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Design: Secondary analyses of 2887 women aged 17-55 years who participated in the HPTN 035 trial, a Phase II/IIb trial on the efficacy of two microbicide gels to prevent HIV transmission in women at risk in Africa. Methods: The association between the use of hormonal contraceptive and the risk of acquiring HIV-1 was evaluated using Cox proportionnal models. Relative risks of exposed women were estimated using as a reference group the women who do not use hormonal contraceptives. In addition, a multivariate Cox model was used to control for potentially confounding factors. Results: Injectable contraceptives were used by 52.1 % of women, while oral contraceptives were used by 20.7% of them. During the study, there were 192 seroconversions. The observed HIV-1 incidence was 2.28, 4.19 and 4.69 per 100 woman-years for oral, injectable and non-hormonal contraceptive users, respectively. In multivariate analysis, we found no significant association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and HIV-1 acquisition. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) for oral contraceptives was 0.573 (95% CI: [0.31 to 1.06]) and 0.981 (95% CI: [0.69, 1.39]) for injectable contraceptives. Conclusions: Although this study did not demonstrate an association between hormonal contraceptive use and the risk of HIV-1 infection, we conclude, however, that these methods of contraception do not protect against HIV-1, and it is thus recommended that women using contraceptive hormones always use condoms to prevent HIV-1.