Thesis (Dr. phil.)--Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 2000. / Vol. 3 is a catalog of 55 selected concentration camp inmate uniforms from concentration camp memorials, German museums, Bet loḥame ha-geṭaʼot, and Yad Vashem. Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-324). Also available via the World Wide Web.

This study was concerned with the differences between two types of prisoners on a personality dimension and differences between these prison groups an a non-prison population. The impetus for this study stemmed from the development of a new test designed to scientifically measure the Freudian concept of the personality structures, the id, ego, and superego.

Background: Since inmates in Canada are excluded from household statistics, very little information is known about obesity prevalence or associated risks in this vulnerable population. This is a problem since obesity rates are high in Canada, and obesity is considered a public health crisis. Furthermore, the burden of obesity is disproportionately carried by low-income, vulnerable and marginalized populations (such as inmates). The goal of this study was to determine weight changes during incarceration in Canadian federal penitentiaries, and to determine which factors were influential at the socio-demographic, behavioral, institutional and policy level. Methods: This study was a retrospective cohort study that used a quantitative approach. The setting for this study was 12 correctional institutions in Ontario, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (or the “Atlantic region”). Administrative data were collected from 1420 inmates, with 754 of these participants also participating in a face to face interview to gather additional data on self-reported behavioral determinants and measured anthropometric data. Eligibility criteria for inmates to participate were: a recorded admission weight in their medical chart, housed in their current institution for at least 6 months, not acutely or terminally ill (and requiring hospitalization), and not pregnant or in a wheelchair. Results: We found that almost three quarters of inmates (73%) gained weight during incarceration. Obesity rates increased by 71%, going from 26.6% to 45.4%. The observed weight gain was associated with the tobacco ban (macrosystem level), the use of commissary store (or “canteen”) (at the microsystem level), and many determinants at the individual level (physical activity, diet, smoking status). The observed weight gain was also significantly associated with age, ethnicity, length of incarceration, duration of total sentence and region. It was however not associated with the national menu, food service/feeding system, sleep, screen time, mental health status or psychotropic medication use. Some inmates who gained excessive weight also developed obesity related illnesses. Interpretation: The observed weight gain was deemed to be unhealthy, since obesity rates increased significantly (and the proportion of inmates with normal weight decreased). These findings have potential repercussions on inmate health, since the observed weight gain was associated with the development of obesity related illnesses. Lastly, many of the factors associated with the observed weight gain were modifiable, which means it is possible to intervene to manage weight gain during incarceration.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--Universität Bonn, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-110).

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / Overcrowding in prisons is a global phenomenon that undermines efforts by prison or correctional system officials to rehabilitate offenders so that they can be successfully reintegrated into society. Overcrowding in South African correctional facilities has been identified as a key challenge, which negatively affects the ability of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (DOJ & CD) and the Department of Correctional Services (DCS) firstly, to guarantee the rights of inmates and secondly, to create an environment that is conducive for rehabilitation. The legislation and statutory framework outline the options available to both South African courts and Correctional Officers for imposing non-custodial sentencing. Non-custodial sentencing can be imposed on: (a) offenders found guilty by courts of law and given noncustodial sentencing; and (b) offenders already in custody who are eligible for parole or correctional community supervision, in accordance with the dictates of applicable legislation. However, despite the visible gains and benefits provided for within the South African legal framework and statutory books on alternative sentencing, South African prisons continue to be overcrowded. Studies show that in the last 15 years South African correctional facilities have not experienced a situation whereby its population was below 120%. This study aims to explore the role of leadership in the implementation of non-custodial sentencing and subsequent reduction in overcrowding within the correctional facilities. Following a qualitative research approach, the researcher conducted interviews with executive leaders and operational managers of the three Western Cape management areas to determine the role of leaders in the implementation of non-custodial sentencing. In total five (5) executive leaders and ten (10) operational managers were interviewed. The findings showed that there is a need for the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (DOJ & CD) and the Department of Correctional Services (DCS) to have a structured approach with regard to the implementation of non-custodial sentencing when dealing with problems that affect overcrowding, including the implementation of non-custodial sentences by the leadership of the DOJ & CD and the DCS.

Two types of variables which might be differentially associated with the performances of prison inmates while on furloughs were studied. They were, 1) demographic data in the central files of inmates known to have been successful or unsuccessful on furlough, and 2) personality test data taken on groups of inmates who could be expected to be either successful or unsuccessful on furlough, given the demographic data in the central files which is found to discriminate between the two groups. Demographic data was gathered from the files of adult male felons housed in correctional institutions in the following states: Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York. The selection of subjects was limited to those inmates who were eligible for furlough between 1974 and 1977, and who had been approved and left the institution on at least one occasion. Personality test data was obtained from the administration of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the California Psychological Inventory, and the S-0 Rorschach Test to 70 minimum security adult male felons, potentially eligible for furlough in the Virginia Department of Corrections. The SPSS Subprogram Discriminant, a linear discriminant analysis, run on the total number of known furlough success and failure cases, produced a discriminant function containing the following variables in order of their contributions to the total equation: Length of Term, To Whom Furloughed, Relationship to Parole Eligibility, Months Served Prior to Furlough, Emotional Maturity, Number of Parole Violations, Number of Prior Furloughs, and Marital Status. These variables correctly classified the furlough success and failure cases 73% of the time. Another linear discriminant analysis run on only those cases from the Virginia Department of Corrections produced a discriminant function containing the following variables in order of their contributions to the total equation: To Whom Furloughed, Marital Status, Number of Prior Furloughs, Months to Discharge Date, Total Number of Convictions, and Emotional Maturity. These variables correctly classified the furlough success and failure cases 71% of the time. The following personality test scales and/or factors showed significant differences in means between the potential furlough success and failure groups: Panton's special MMPI scales - Habitual Criminal Scale (HC), Prison Adjustment Scale (Ap), and Escapism Scale (Es); the CPI Factor II Scales - Responsibility (Re), Socialization (So), Tolerance (To), Good Impression (Gi), and the Factor III Scale - Achievement via Conformity (Ac); five S-0 Rorschach factors - F-, M, H, P, and Fch. The generalized conclusions drawn from these results suggest that it is possible to develop a discriminative function which can correctly classify inmates into furlough success and failure groups at least 70% of the time, on the basis of demographic variables found in inmate central files. Secondly, personality test data suggest that there are measurable differences in personality characteristics between inmates likely to succeed on furlough and those most likely to fail.

This study examined the influence of two sets of variables (individual and institutional variables) on trainees' perceptions of the correctional program. The correctional institutional environment scale developed by Moos (1975) was completed by 115 juvenile offenders at DeWitt Nelson School in California Youth Authority at Stockton. Results indicated that intra institutional variables were the significant factors in explaining most of the variability on trainees' scores on the questionnaire.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to examine the retrospective perceptions of parent-child relations as measured by the Roe-Siegelman Parent-Child Relations Questionnaire (PCR), personality characteristics as they appear on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and types of crimes of prison inmates, specifically divided into aggressive and non-aggressive crimes.