The developing knowledge economy affects organizations within the innovation system where higher education institutions (HEI) are regarded as a significant part. There is a large amount of research that focus on different aspects of collaboration such as the outcome, the process and its infrastructure. To emphasize HEIs role in the national and regional innovation systems concepts such as Mode 2 and Triple helix, and the Knowledge triangle, have developed. These concepts have also heavily influenced Swedish innovation policy.   This thesis is set to analyze collaboration work between Swedish HEIs and the public and private sectors, and to understand how collaboration: i) occurs in practice in research and undergraduate education; ii) is influenced by policy efforts, and; iii) influence HEI’s internal and external social capital building. Firstly, research and teaching links is analyzed to highlight the integration of collaboration, research and education within specific research profiles. This is because previous research has neglected collaboration and its effect on undergraduate education. Secondly, social capital theory is used as a framework for the analysis. Social capital theory is used to obtain a thorough understanding of individual researchers’ attitude to collaboration and participation in collaboration activities.   The results indicate that short term projects had long-term effects since it established new education programs and projects. Collaboration also effects undergraduate education through research profiles with their integration of research and education in groups within as well as outside the HEI. The results also show that social capital building through top steered initiatives is complex. In the HEIs there was no relation between researchers expressing a positive attitude towards different forms of collaboration and a high participation level in collaboration activities. This suggests that building of external social capital within HEIs is not related to the nature of the internal social capital. There was interfaculty differences in both the researchers’ attitude to collaboration activities and participation in collaboration activities. As expected, professors had more opportunities and ability for collaboration. They also indicated a resistance to use a central infrastructure for collaboration to build external social capital. The opposite was demonstrated for professors from the humanities who had little experience of collaboration. They still did not to use the infrastructure to a large extent. Suggestively policy makers should encourage a more efficient external social capital building through earmarked funding for collaboration on a department level rather than on the HEIs’ central level.

Atualmente diferentes iniciativas são levadas a efeito pelo governo e o meio acadêmico, que visam à identificação de um Sistema Nacional de Inovação em Saúde e também a formação de Sistemas Locais de Inovação em Saúde. Todos os setores econômicos procuram estudar e entender os processos que integram a geração de conhecimento e de inovações. O setor da saúde também busca este conhecimento. Esta pesquisa através da análise da literatura de gestão sobre sistemas de saúde e sistemas de inovação e de um estudo de caso, do tipo multicaso e intracaso, com atores da saúde no município de Caxias do Sul, investigou como os atores interagem, se houveram inovações em suas organizações impulsionadas pelas interações e se o Sistema de Saúde de Caxias do Sul (SSCX) apresenta características de um sistema local de saúde. Em uma primeira fase da pesquisa foram entrevistados atores importantes do sistema de saúde identificados na literatura da área. Os entrevistados foram os representantes indicados pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, pela 5ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, pelo Conselho Municipal de Saúde, pelo Hospital Geral e pela Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Em uma segunda fase da pesquisa, foram selecionados atores entre os indicados na primeira fase, que fossem representativos dos principais atores do SSCX. A seguir foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade visando obter informações sobre as interações entre estes atores e o relacionamento das mesmas com as inovações realizadas pelas suas organizações. Realizada a fase de coleta dos dados, os relatos das entrevistas foram transcritos e constituíram o corpus da pesquisa. A análise e interpretação dos dados da pesquisa, através da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, permitiram estudar as relações entre o grupo de atores selecionados para este estudo e apontou que os atores selecionados inovaram no período de estudo, sendo que algumas destas inovações foram impulsionadas pelas interações com os outros atores. Utilizando-se as características gerais dos sistemas locais de saúde, apontadas por Mendes (1993), realizou-se uma comparação entre o SSCX e estes sistemas, apontando que várias das características apontadas estão presentes no SSCX, através dos atores selecionados para este estudo, o que pode caracterizá-lo como um SILOS. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-29T17:29:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luis Paulo S Munhoz.pdf: 1601719 bytes, checksum: 921b53f769abb3272bdd2baed31b27c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-29T17:29:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Luis Paulo S Munhoz.pdf: 1601719 bytes, checksum: 921b53f769abb3272bdd2baed31b27c1 (MD5) / Currently various initiatives are implemented by government and academy, to the identification of a National Health Innovation and also the formation of Local Systems of Health. All economic sectors seek to study and understand the processes that make up the generation of knowledge and innovations. The health sector is also seeking this knowledge. This research by examining the management literature on innovation systems and a case study, the type and multicase uncase, with actors of health in the municipality of Caxias do Sul, investigated how these actors interacts, these interactions are stimulated innovations in their organizations and the Health System of Caxias do Sul (SSCX) has characteristics of a local system of health. In a first phase of the study were interviewed key players in the health system identified in the literature. The interviewees were the representatives appointed by the Municipal Secretariat of Health, the 5th Regional Health, the Municipal Health Council, the General Hospital and the University of Caxias do Sul in a second phase of the study were selected among the actors listed in first phase, which were representative of the main actors of SSCX. The following was interviewed in depth to obtain information about the interactions between these actors and the relationship between them with the innovations made by their organizations. Held phase of data collection, the reports of the interviews were transcribed and formed the corpus of research. The analysis and interpretation of research data, through analysis of the interviews, allowed to study the relationship between the group of players selected for this study and found that all the players selected innovated during the study period and a significant number of these innovations were driven by interactions with other actors. Using the general characteristics of local systems of health, as reported by Mendes (1993), there was a comparison between the SSCX and these systems, noting that several of the features listed are present in SSCX by the actors selected for this study, which can characterize it as an SILOS.

Atualmente diferentes iniciativas são levadas a efeito pelo governo e o meio acadêmico, que visam à identificação de um Sistema Nacional de Inovação em Saúde e também a formação de Sistemas Locais de Inovação em Saúde. Todos os setores econômicos procuram estudar e entender os processos que integram a geração de conhecimento e de inovações. O setor da saúde também busca este conhecimento. Esta pesquisa através da análise da literatura de gestão sobre sistemas de saúde e sistemas de inovação e de um estudo de caso, do tipo multicaso e intracaso, com atores da saúde no município de Caxias do Sul, investigou como os atores interagem, se houveram inovações em suas organizações impulsionadas pelas interações e se o Sistema de Saúde de Caxias do Sul (SSCX) apresenta características de um sistema local de saúde. Em uma primeira fase da pesquisa foram entrevistados atores importantes do sistema de saúde identificados na literatura da área. Os entrevistados foram os representantes indicados pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, pela 5ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, pelo Conselho Municipal de Saúde, pelo Hospital Geral e pela Universidade de Caxias do Sul. Em uma segunda fase da pesquisa, foram selecionados atores entre os indicados na primeira fase, que fossem representativos dos principais atores do SSCX. A seguir foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade visando obter informações sobre as interações entre estes atores e o relacionamento das mesmas com as inovações realizadas pelas suas organizações. Realizada a fase de coleta dos dados, os relatos das entrevistas foram transcritos e constituíram o corpus da pesquisa. A análise e interpretação dos dados da pesquisa, através da análise de conteúdo das entrevistas, permitiram estudar as relações entre o grupo de atores selecionados para este estudo e apontou que os atores selecionados inovaram no período de estudo, sendo que algumas destas inovações foram impulsionadas pelas interações com os outros atores. Utilizando-se as características gerais dos sistemas locais de saúde, apontadas por Mendes (1993), realizou-se uma comparação entre o SSCX e estes sistemas, apontando que várias das características apontadas estão presentes no SSCX, através dos atores selecionados para este estudo, o que pode caracterizá-lo como um SILOS. / Currently various initiatives are implemented by government and academy, to the identification of a National Health Innovation and also the formation of Local Systems of Health. All economic sectors seek to study and understand the processes that make up the generation of knowledge and innovations. The health sector is also seeking this knowledge. This research by examining the management literature on innovation systems and a case study, the type and multicase uncase, with actors of health in the municipality of Caxias do Sul, investigated how these actors interacts, these interactions are stimulated innovations in their organizations and the Health System of Caxias do Sul (SSCX) has characteristics of a local system of health. In a first phase of the study were interviewed key players in the health system identified in the literature. The interviewees were the representatives appointed by the Municipal Secretariat of Health, the 5th Regional Health, the Municipal Health Council, the General Hospital and the University of Caxias do Sul in a second phase of the study were selected among the actors listed in first phase, which were representative of the main actors of SSCX. The following was interviewed in depth to obtain information about the interactions between these actors and the relationship between them with the innovations made by their organizations. Held phase of data collection, the reports of the interviews were transcribed and formed the corpus of research. The analysis and interpretation of research data, through analysis of the interviews, allowed to study the relationship between the group of players selected for this study and found that all the players selected innovated during the study period and a significant number of these innovations were driven by interactions with other actors. Using the general characteristics of local systems of health, as reported by Mendes (1993), there was a comparison between the SSCX and these systems, noting that several of the features listed are present in SSCX by the actors selected for this study, which can characterize it as an SILOS.

Innovation in healthcare is a central way of coping with the changes affecting the healthcare system through the megatrends of demographic change, digitalization as well as the opportunities in the life-sciences sector and the “-omics” subjects. Due to the multiple facets of the topic, research on innovation in healthcare is diverse and draws insights from systems theory, management theory, human resources, innovation and change management. While the literature on innovation in healthcare has grown steadily in the last 20 years and publications on pharmaceutical and medical device innovation, health technology assessment strategies, or digital innovations have increased significantly, other areas such as sectoral health innovation systems, the creation and implementation of innovation in hospitals still remain fairly uncharted. Applying established concepts such as systems of innovation theory, mass customization theory or management of employee involvement in innovation activities to the healthcare sector provides new insights into a field that is often considered a “blackbox”. This thesis adds to the topic in three essays, each focusing on a different aspect and depth level ranging from a macro perspective on healthcare innovation on a global scale to a meso level perspective on the implementation of personalized medicine in one country and putting a micro lens on innovation activities of hospital staff. The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview for researchers, policy makers and healthcare stakeholders about current developments, propose tools for measuring innovation and allow for benchmarking the current status quo in healthcare in order to foster new and innovative developments.