nÃo hà / A manutenÃÃo e o desenvolvimento da competitividade organizacional tÃm motivado diversas pesquisas no intuito de detectar, na inovaÃÃo, determinantes para o desempenho empresarial. Abordagens como a teoria da firma e a RBV atribuem à empresa o papel de gerar, contÃnua e endogenamente, melhores desempenhos para manutenÃÃo de sua vantagem competitiva no mercado. O presente estudo tem por objetivo principal analisar a relaÃÃo entre a capacidade inovativa, assim como de seus antecedentes, e o desempenho de empresas brasileiras inovadoras. As trÃs hipÃteses de pesquisa buscam confirmar a relaÃÃo entre os antecedentes da capacidade inovativa, a capacidade inovativa e o desempenho das empresas. A metodologia da pesquisa caracteriza-se como exploratÃria, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando-se das tÃcnicas estatÃsticas de correlaÃÃo e regressÃo linear. A populaÃÃo da pesquisa, escolhida dentre as empresas de capital aberto, classificadas nos setores abrangidos pelos critÃrios do IBI, totalizou em 174 empresas devidamente analisadas e listadas para envio ao IBGE, onde se constatou haver o nÃmero de 73 que participaram das ediÃÃes de 2005 e 2008 da PINTEC, constituindo a amostra da pesquisa. Para mensuraÃÃo da capacidade inovativa e de seus antecedentes foram utilizados dados da PINTEC. As variÃveis componentes da capacidade inovativa foram compostas por inovaÃÃo de produto, processo, organizacional e de marketing. As variÃveis dos antecedentes da capacidade inovativa compreenderam os investimentos realizados pelas empresas em prol de aquisiÃÃo de conhecimentos externos, atividades com P&D (interna e externa), aquisiÃÃo de equipamentos e mÃquinas, treinamento, introduÃÃes de inovaÃÃes e novos projetos. O desempenho empresarial, mensurado a partir das dimensÃes econÃmica, operacional e de valor, teve como variÃveis o ROA, EBITDA e o MVAÂ, respectivamente, cujos valores foram obtidos por meio de variÃveis do EconomÃticaÂ. As relaÃÃes efetuadas consideraram a defasagem temporal de um ano entre as variÃveis de inovaÃÃo e as de desempenho, sob a perspectiva da maturaÃÃo dos investimentos e da capacidade inovativa nesse intervalo de tempo. Os resultados de H1 indicaram a existÃncia de uma relaÃÃo positiva entre os antecedentes da capacidade inovativa e a capacidade inovativa, sugerindo, contudo, investimentos expressivos nos antecedentes para a geraÃÃo de capacidade inovativa. Os resultados de H2 revelaram uma relaÃÃo positiva entre os antecedentes da inovaÃÃo e os desempenhos econÃmico e operacional, nÃo sendo significante na relaÃÃo com o MVAÂ. Sobre H3, nenhuma evidÃncia pode ser inferida sobre a relaÃÃo entre a capacidade inovativa e os desempenhos econÃmico e operacional, sendo possÃvel observar a sua relaÃÃo com o MVAÂ. Conclui-se que os desempenhos operacional e econÃmico das empresas analisadas sÃo ampliados quando hà investimentos em software e se inova em produtos completamente novos para a empresa e para o mercado nacional, direcionando aos preceitos da teoria da firma por se relacionarem com investimentos estratÃgicos para geraÃÃo de capacidade inovativa. A geraÃÃo de valor ao acionista à maximizada com investimentos que impulsionem as inovaÃÃes de processo e marketing, pois a capacidade inovativa medida por esses tipos de inovaÃÃo contribuem para a manutenÃÃo da diferenciaÃÃo estratÃgica das empresas, conforme propÃe a RBV. / The maintenance and development of organizational competitiveness have motivated several research in order to detect, innovation, crucial to business performance. Approaches such as the theory of the firm and RBV give the company the role of generating, continuous and endogenously best performances to maintain its competitive edge in Marketplace. This study is meant to examine the relationship between capacity Innovative as well as their background, and the performance of Brazilian companies innovative. The three research hypotheses seek to confirm the relationship between the background the innovative capacity, innovative capacity and the performance of companies. THE research methodology is characterized as exploratory, with a quantitative approach, using the techniques of correlation and linear regression statistics. The population research, chosen among public companies classified in the covered sectors the criteria of IBI, totaled in 174 companies properly analyzed and listed for dispatch IBGE, where it was found there the number 73 who participated in the 2005 and editions 2008 PINTEC, making the research sample. For measurement of capacity Innovative and its antecedents have been used data from PINTEC. The variables components of the innovative capacity were composed by product innovation, process, organizational and marketing. The variables of history of innovative capacity realized investments by companies in favor of purchasing external knowledge, R & D activities (internal and external), acquisition of equipment and machinery, training, innovations and introductions of new projects. Performance business, measured from the economic, operational and value, had as variables ROA, EBITDA and MVAÂ, respectively, whose values ​​were obtained means EconomÃtica variables. Relations made considered the gap time a year between innovation variables and performance, from the perspective of maturity investments and innovative capacity in the interval. The H1 results indicated the existence of a positive relationship between the background of the innovative ability and the innovative ability, suggesting, however, significant investments the antecedents for the generation of innovative capability. The results revealed an H2 positive relationship between the history of innovation and economic performance and operational, not significant in relation to the MVAÂ. About H3, no evidence It can be inferred on the relationship between the innovative capacity and economic performances and operational and are recording their relationship with MVAÂ. It is concluded that the operational and economic performance of the companies analyzed are magnified when there investments in software and innovation in completely new products for the company and for the domestic market, directing the precepts of the theory of the firm because it relates with strategic investments to generate innovative capacity. The generation of value to shareholder is maximized with investments that drive the process of innovation and marketing, because the innovative capacity measured by these types of innovation contribute to maintenance of strategic differentiation of companies, as proposed by the RBV.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the impact of various channels of technology spillovers on local innovative capacity at national and firm level. At national level, the thesis investigates the drivers of Malaysia‟s innovative capacity and the effect of international external sources on innovative capacity. At firm level, this thesis examines the impact of FDI on the innovation progress and studies whether multinational corporations (MNCs) can act as catalysts to stimulate local firms‟ innovation activities in Malaysia. Via a case study analysis at firm level, this thesis focuses on knowledge transfer through backward linkages established between MNCs and their local suppliers. Time series data analysis is conducted to provide empirical evidence of the effect of FDI spillovers on Malaysia‟s innovative capacity at national level. Additionally, a case-study approach is adopted to investigate the impact of vertical FDI spillovers on the innovation performance of local Malaysian firms. The key findings of the study reveal that export-related spillovers are positively associated with Malaysia‟s innovative capacity, whereas importrelated spillovers play a minor role in local innovation. The findings also indicate that there is no significant correlation between economic development and local innovation, which suggests that strong economic growth is not a necessary condition in order for Malaysia to enhance its local innovative capacity. The results suggest that there is strong evidence of the importance of foreign innovation activities to local innovative capacity at national level. In contrast, knowledge spillovers measured by FDI inflows have no significant impact on local innovative capacity. The results showed that FDI might be constrained by the fact that spillovers are more likely to take place through vertical relationships than horizontal relationships. At firm level, the study suggests that knowledge and technology can be diffused through high-quality and standard requirements imposed by MNCs, the assessment and feedback and training programmes offered by MNCs to local suppliers, as well as the production process itself. These results extend ii the existing literature on national innovative capacity and validate earlier theoretical and empirical research on vertical spillovers. The findings from the thesis also have important policy and managerial implications with regard to the impact of FDI on host developing countries.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-17T13:47:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 benedet.pdf: 643858 bytes, checksum: f62b45da07b45bed13922419f5df3991 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T13:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 benedet.pdf: 643858 bytes, checksum: f62b45da07b45bed13922419f5df3991 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-20 / Nenhuma / Sendo inovação um tema complexo, que merece destaque, busca-se compreender o processo inovativo da firma que é um agente dinâmico, formado por um conjunto de recursos produtivos que se adaptam ao ambiente competitivo ao qual pertence, por meio da identificação da sua capacidade de inovação. O objetivo da presente dissertação é compreender as características da capacidade inovativa de firmas que incorporam inovações tecnológicas, por meio de quatro capacidades entendidas como formadoras da capacidade de inovação. Descreve-se a capacidade de inovação como uma metacapacidade que engloba quatro outras capacidades, a tecnológica, a operacional, a transacional e a gerencial, estas serão estudadas conforme modelo proposto por Zawislak (2012b).Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórico-empírica, com a realização de estudos de caso, com vistas a melhor compreender a temática proposta. As investigações foram feitas com base em um roteiro de perguntas abertas, de forma presencial e pelo pesquisador. Os estudos de caso foram realizados em duas empresas do setor agroindustrial de pequenas frutas localizadas na região dos Campos de Cima da Serra. Os resultados obtidos mostram que as duas empresas analisadas apresentam as quatro capacidades, porém no primeiro estudo de caso a capacidade que se destaca é a transacional, e no segundo estudo de caso se destacam a capacidade operacional e transacional. A capacidade transacional como destaque nos dois estudos de caso, reafirma o resultado obtido por Gamarra (2013), que destaca a capacidade transacional como elemento chave da natureza da firma, esta capacidade é o que uma firma faz na prática para reduzir seus custos de marketing, de negociação, de logística e distribuição, entre outros. / Innovation being a complex issue that deserves attention, we seek to understand the innovation process of the firm is a dynamic agent, formed by a set of productive resources that adapt to the competitive environment to which it belongs, through the identification of its ability to innovation. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the characteristics of the innovative capacity of firms that incorporate technological innovations through four capacities construed as forming the innovation capacity. Describes the ability to innovate as a meta- capability that encompasses four other capabilities, technological, operational, transactional and management, these will be studied as proposed by Zawislak (2012b) model. This is a theoretical and empirical research, with the completion of case studies, in order to better understand the proposed theme. The investigations were based on a schedule of open questions, in person and by the researcher. The case studies were conducted in agribusiness fruit located in the Campos de Cima da Serra. The results show that the two agribusinesses have analyzed the four capacities, however in the first case study the capacity that stands out is transactional, and in the second case study to highlight the operational and transactional capabilities . The transactional capability as highlighted in two case studies, confirms the result obtained by Gamarra (2013), which highlights the transactional capability as a key element of the nature of the firm, this capability is what a company does in practice to reduce your marketing costs, trading, logistics and distribution, among others.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 114696.pdf: 2537983 bytes, checksum: 9283e7f14aebf7ded753a67634823387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Innovation in the public sector is now recognized as an effective way to increasing the efficiency and capacity of public organizations to respond to the collective aspirations, enabling better quality in service delivery and compliance with social demands. However, the literature reveals that the methods and research manuals for innovation are targeted primarily at businesses and industrial sector, with a lack of studies in public institutions. This study purposed to deepen and better understand the nature of innovation in public organizations and which aspects may influence its ability to generate innovations and, on that basis, to build an analytical model that meets the characteristics of existence and purpose of these organizations. To understand the concept of innovation, a survey was conducted involving several theoretical approaches - from a neoclassical economic perspective to public innovation approach - in which we sought to combine the concepts that were most relevant to the purpose of this study, namely the approaches: Systems of Innovation, Social Innovation, Sociology of Innovation, and Public Innovation. Innovation is understood, based on this research, to be a process that is relational, social and technological, dependent on the multiple capabilities of participants involved (economic, social and political), of co-produce knowledge and which generates outcomes of social, economic, and political benefit. Innovation capabilities in public organizations are understood as the potential of the organization to generate innovations. The determinants for its innovation capacity are the organizational, technical, relational, and finalistic capacities. The survey consisted of a theoretical and bibliographical study, combined with an exploratory study in a public organization in order to better understand the nature and characteristics that influence the development of innovations on these organizations. The case study was conducted at the Technological Incubator of Popular Cooperatives of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in order to apply the analytical model developed. Data analysis was conducted based on primary and secondary data provided during the investigation. The results showed that many innovation capabilities can be improved and developed in order to increase the outcome of the activities with its target group and to improve organizational performance. But for that to happen there is a need of more support and interaction from the state and from stakeholders. There is also a need for more inclusive public policies, financial and technological investments, and above all, the recognition of these activities by the local innovation system. / A inovação no setor público é hoje reconhecida como um meio eficaz de aumento da eficiência e da capacidade das organizações públicas de responderem aos anseios coletivos, possibilitando uma melhor qualidade na entrega de serviços e de atendimento às demandas sociais. Contudo, a literatura revela que os métodos e manuais de pesquisa em inovação são direcionados principalmente para o setor privado, faltando estudos em instituições públicas. Desta maneira, este estudo intencionou aprofundar e entender melhor a natureza das inovações em organizações públicas e quais os aspectos podem influenciar em sua capacidade de gerar inovações e, com base nisso, construir um modelo analítico que atenda às características que estruturam a existência e finalidade dessas organizações. A pesquisa partiu das seguintes indagações: qual a natureza da inovação nas organizações públicas? Quais os aspectos que influenciam em sua capacidade de inovação? Quais categorias devem ser consideradas na análise de sua capacidade para inovação? A compreensão do conceito de inovação passou por um resgate conceitual a diversas abordagens teóricas ¿ desde uma perspectiva econômica neoclássica até uma abordagem pública da inovação ¿ em que se buscou unir as concepções que fossem mais relevantes ao intuito deste estudo, a saber, as abordagens: dos Sistemas de Inovação; da Inovação Social; da Sociologia da Inovação; e da Inovação Pública. Além disso, foi realizado o levantamento das metodologias e manuais hoje disponibilizados para mensuração da inovação no setor público, assim como, a literatura pertinente ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de inovação no âmbito da organização. A inovação é aqui compreendida como um processo relacional, social e tecnológico dependente das múltiplas capacidades dos atores envolvidos (econômicos, sociais e políticos) de coproduzirem conhecimentos e gerar resultados de uso social, econômico e político. As capacidades de inovação em organizações públicas são compreendidas como o potencial que essa organização tem de gerar inovações. Os fatores determinantes para sua capacidade de inovação são suas capacidades organizacionais, técnicas, relacionais, e finalísticas. A pesquisa consistiu num estudo teórico-bibliográfico, combinado ao estudo exploratório numa organização pública, a fim de entender melhor qual a natureza e características que influenciam o desenvolvimento de inovações nessas organizações. O estudo de caso foi realizado na Incubadora Tecnológica de Cooperativas Populares da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro sendo aplicado o modelo de análise desenvolvido. A análise dos dados foi feita a partir de dados primários e secundários reunidos durante o período da investigação. Os resultados mostraram que muitas capacidades de inovação podem ser melhoradas e desenvolvidas a fim de aumentar o impacto das atividades com seu público-alvo e seu desempenho organizacional. Mas para que isso aconteça é preciso que haja um maior apoio e interação estatal e de agentes relevantes. São necessárias políticas públicas mais inclusivas, investimentos financeiros e tecnológicos e, principalmente, o reconhecimento dessas atividades pelo sistema de inovação local

National innovative capacity, a central driver of countries’ long-term economic growth, has been one of the focal points in innovation research for roughly thirty years. Initially proposed as an index to measure technologic invention over time, this concept has become the widely accepted standard for measuring the performance of (sub) national and sectoral innovation systems toward being an analytic tool attributed to innovation systems theory. Country comparison, knowledge flows, and R&D forecasting are in the center of analysis feeding the concrete practical use of innovation policy optimization. In this regard, a rich body of studies has contributed indispensable knowledge about the determinants of innovative capacity. However, the multi-dimensional interconnections have not been covered in depth. Thus, to gain a holistic understanding of the “DNA” behind national innovative capacity a new “comparative” view of these determinants is necessary. To this end, this dissertation proposes revisiting the focus, unit and parameters of analysis that predominate within current national innovative capacity studies and sets forth three interlinked academic articles that focus on different layers of innovative capacity in countries. Besides furthering academic discourse on the determinants of innovational outcome, this conceptual revision leads to a new approach on national innovation capacity research. Its intention is to make policy makers aware of certain pathways leading to the same outcome. This knowledge will enable them to pursue a dynamic approach of supporting the innovative processes in countries by defining appropriate innovation strategies that consider both the countries’ specific preconditions and the sub-systems perspective.:1. Introduction 2. The purpose of revisiting the NIC concept for innovation policy 3. The scientific contribution of this doctoral thesis 3.1 Article 1: Increasing the national innovative capacity: Identifying the pathways to success using a comparative method 3.2 Article 2: National Health Innovation Systems: Clustering the OECD countries by innovative output in healthcare using a multi-indicator approach 3.3 Article 3: Increasing the innovative capacity of European cities: Making use of proven concepts from the national level 4. References