Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

La thèse porte sur l'intervention d'artistes dans les ateliers d'insertion sociale. Un ancrage théorique interactionniste permet de montrer en quoi le modèle traditionnel de l'insertion est déstabilisé par la présence d'artistes. Le matériau recueilli est d'ordre qualitatif. Les acteurs interrogés rassemblent des tribunitiens (porteurs de changement), des ambivalents (oscillant entre tradition et innovation) et des conservateurs (s'opposant au changement). La première partie montre en quoi les tribunitiens perturbent les valeurs et les normes de l'insertion traditionnelle. La seconde partie montre en quoi ils perturbent les pratiques et les modes de conduite. La troisième partie se centre sur le type d'innovation proposé par les porteurs du changement. Tandis que les ambivalents proposent le développement d'une insertion culturelle perçue comme un nouveau sas, les tribunitiens proposent l'émergence d'une insertion citoyenne. Mais si cette dernière proposition ouvre des alternatives à la statique du système, elle est aussi porteuse d'une forme utopique qui, si elle passait à l'état de pratique sociale légitime, pourrait renforcer le processus de marginalisation des bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale. / The thesis relates to the intervention of artists in the workshops of social integration. A theoretical anchoring interactionnist makes it possible to show in what the traditional model of insertion is destabilized by the presence of artists. The material collected is of a qualitative nature. The questioned actors gather tribunitiens (carrying change), the ambivalents (oscillating between tradition and innovation) and of the conservatives (being opposed to the change). The first part shows in what the tribunitiens disturb the values and the standards of traditional insertion. The second part shows in what they disturb the practices and the modes of control. The third part is centered on the type of innovation proposed by the carriers of the change. While the ambivalent ones propose the development of a cultural insertion perceived like a new hopper, the tribunitiens propose the emergence of a citizen insertion. But if this last proposal opens alternatives to the statics of the system, it is also carrying a utopian form which, if it passed in a state of social practice legitimate, could reinforce the process of marginalisation of the recipients of the social assistance.

ABSTRACT The Chloride Intracellular Channel (CLIC) proteins are a family of amphitropic proteins that can convert from soluble to integral membrane forms. CLIC1 is a member of this family that functions as a chloride channel in the plasma and nuclear membranes of cells. Although high-resolution structural data exists for the soluble form of monomeric CLIC1, not much is known about the integral membrane forms’ structure. The exact mechanism and signals involved in the conversion of the soluble form to membrane-inserted form are also not clear. Studies were undertaken in the absence and presence of membrane models. Analysis of the structure and stability of CLIC1 in the absence of membrane investigated the effect of possible signals or triggers that may play a crucial role in the conversion of the soluble form to integral membrane form. Exposing CLIC1 to oxidizing conditions results in the formation of a dimeric form. The CLIC1 dimer was found to be less stable than the monomeric form based on unfolding kinetic studies. The stability of the dimer was also less influenced by salt concentration, compared with the monomer. The effect of pH on the structure of CLIC1 is of physiological relevance since the movement of soluble CLIC1 in the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm toward the membrane will involve the protein being exposed to a lower pH micro-environment. Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry was used to study the structural dynamics of CLIC1 at pH 7.0 and pH 5.5. At neutral pH, domain II is more stable than the more flexible thioredoxin domain I. The thioredoxin-fold therefore is more likely to unfold and rearrange to insert into membranes. Because of the high stability of domain II this region is probably where the folding nucleus of the protein is. At pH 5.5 it was found that the a1, a3 and a6 helices, which are spatially adjacent to one another across the domain interface, were destabilized. This destabilization may be the trigger for CLIC1 to unfold and rearrange into a membrane insertion-competent form. The role of the primary sequence and unique three-dimensional structure of CLIC1 in membrane insertion was investigated in a bioinformatics-based study that looked at conserved residue features such as hydropathy and charge. Hidden helical propensities and Ncapping motifs in the a1-b2 region were found, which may have important implications for locating putative transmembrane regions. Analysis of the structure and thermodynamics of CLIC1 interacting with membranes investigated changes in secondary structure, tertiary structure, hydrodynamic volume and thermodynamics when CLIC1 is exposed to membrane-mimicking models. The effect of a variety of conditions such as pH and redox, cysteine-modifiying agents (NEM), ligands (GSH), and inhibitors (IAA) on CLIC1 membrane interaction were studied. It was found that CLIC1 interacted with membranes more favourably at lower pH and that NEM completely inhibited CLIC1 interaction with micelles.

Le but de cette recherche est dapporter des éléments de compréhension à un aspect du processus de construction identitaire en lien avec la relation pédagogique, tel quun groupe denseignants en insertion professionnelle le perçoit. Pour ce faire, une recherche qualitative longitudinale et exploratoire a été menée. Les résultats sont doubles. Un schéma descripteur de la relation pédagogique a été construit. Il caractérise des images identitaires relatives à la relation pédagogique véhiculées par un groupe de trente enseignants en formation initiale. Tout en constituant un référent conceptuel, il offre un cadre pour observer des modifications de ces images identitaires. Ainsi, ce schéma a soutenu à létude de sept cheminements identitaires singuliers. Chacun deux montre comment un enseignant débutant envisage et vit la construction dune relation avec ses élèves, avec les adaptations et les renoncements que cela implique. Une approche compréhensive, donnant une place à la parole des sujets, caractérise le dispositif méthodologique de cette étude. Une analyse inductive menée à partir de microrécits biographiques a dabord permis la construction du schéma descripteur de la relation pédagogique. Par la suite, vingt-quatre sujets ont fait part de leurs images identitaires relatives à la relation pédagogique à trois reprises dans leur phase dinsertion professionnelle, via un écrit et deux entretiens. Les modalités dentrée dans le métier étant différentes, sept sujets, entrés dans le métier après la formation initiale, ont été sélectionnés. Leurs propos ont fait lobjet dune analyse approfondie. Le matériau rapporté par chacun deux a été condensé et organisé au sein de cartes conceptuelles avant dêtre analysé dans une perspective non déficitaire. La description de confrontations, dajustements et de tensions identitaires et leur situation dans les facettes du schéma descripteur de la relation pédagogique ont soutenu lexplicitation du travail identitaire de chaque sujet. Le dispositif de recherche présente des spécificités comme la place importante accordée à la parole des sujets et le fait de prendre appui sur des données subjectives ; le développement de méthodologies inductives ; la mise en place dune démarche de triangulation pour interroger la fiabilité des savoirs construits ; ou lélaboration de cartes conceptuelles pour organiser des données complexes. En définitive, cette étude menée dans une double visée compréhensive et pragmatique apporte des instruments pour la recherche en sciences humaines et pour la formation des enseignants. Elle met en lumière des stratégies identitaires spécifiques à la construction dune relation pédagogique lors de lentrée dans le métier, à travers un travail de conciliation entre le fait de prendre sa place denseignant au sein de la relation tout en en donnant aux élèves. Ce cheminement nest jamais achevé. Il est au cur du métier et mérite dêtre explicité et accompagné.

Metal-containing polymers (MCPs) are emerging as a class of interesting materials with promising properties and functions. Although many techniques are available for their synthesis, the range of main-chain MCPs available for material applications is limited. Most well-defined main-chain MCP syntheses rely only on the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of metallocene monomers, thereby new synthetic approaches for novel MCPs are in high demand. In this study a new polymerization technique, migratory insertion polymerization (MIP), was explored and used to produce novel types of MCPs with asymmetric iron repeat-units connected by phosphine-iron (Ph2P-Fe) and iron-acyl (Fe-CO) bonds in the backbone. This research work involved the synthesis, characterization and polymerization of cyclopentadienyl(dicarbonyl)(diphenylphosphinopropyl)iron (FpP). FpP consists of an Fp functional group capable of undergoing a migratory insertion reaction (MIR) and a phosphine group to assist the MIR. FpP was prepared via the reaction between cyclopentadienyl dicarbonyl iron metalate (Fp anion) and (3-chloropropyl)diphenylphosphine, and was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H NMR, 31P NMR, 13C NMR, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopies. The molecules undergo intramolecular cyclization reactions at low concentrations in organic solvents, while polymerization occurs in bulk at 70°C, leading to polymers with number-average molecular weights (Mn) up to 12,000 g/mol and narrow molecular weight distributions (PDI=1.08-1.33). These polymers are soluble in a wide range of organic solvents and have a Tg of 100°C.

Reproduction de : Thèse doctorat : Sciences économiques : Lyon 2 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

Thèse de doctorat : Sociologie : Nancy 2 : 2003. / Bibliographie.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de l'Education : Strasbourg 1 : 2006. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 7 p.

The aim of this research is to improve the understanding of the impact on the cochlear dynamics corresponding to surgical tools, processes and hearing implants such that these can be designed more appropriately in the future. The results suggest that enhanced performance of implants can be achieved by optimisation of the location with respect to the cochlea and have shown that robotic surgical tools used to enable precise, simplified processes can reduce harm and offer other benefits. With an ageing population, and where exposure to noise on daily basis is increased rather than industrial settings, at least two factors of age and noise, will contribute to a greater incidence of hearing loss in the population in the future. In the research a mathematical model of the passive cochlea was produced to increase understanding of the sensitivity and behaviour of the fluid, structure and pressure transients within the cochlea. The investigation has been complemented by an innovative experimental technique developed to evaluate the dynamics in the cochlear fluids while maintaining the integrity of the cochlear structure. This technique builds on the success of the state-of-the-art surgical robotic micro-drill. The micro-drill enables removal of bone tissue to prepare a consistent aperture onto the endosteal membrane within the cochlea. This is known as preparing a ‘Third window’. In this technique the motion of the exposed endosteal membrane is treated as the diaphragm element of a pressure transducer and is measured using a Micro- Scanning Laser Vibrometer operating through a microscope. There are two principal outcomes of the research: First, the approach has enabled disturbances in the cochlea to be contrasted for different surgical techniques, which it is expected to allude preferential methods in future surgery in otology. In particular it was shown that when using the robotic micro-drill to create a cochleostomy that the disturbance amplitude reduces to 1% of that experienced when using conventional drilling. Secondly, an empirically derived frequency map of the cochlea has been produced to understand how the location of implants affects maximum power transmission over the required frequency band. This has also shown the feasibility of exciting the cochlea at a third window in order to amplify cochlear response.

No description available.