This thesis investigates the utility of using the Compound Remote Associate (CRA) problem, developed by Bowden and Jung-Beeman (2003), in investigating the neural correlates insight. It is uncertain to what extent CRA problems are insight problems. In Experiment 1, I performed a protocol analysis of people solving CRA problems and found that CRA problems can and should be used to investigate insight. However, certain considerations should be taken. Particularly, researchers should separate problems solved with insight when the solution is the first thing considered (immediate-insight) from problems solved with insight when the solution is obtained after at least some deliberation (delayed-insight). Parsing insight solutions into separate categories, I performed a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiment. The results suggest a distinct difference in processing between delayed and immediate insight solutions. The results shed light into possible irregularities in prior studies and provide important considerations for future research on insight problem solving.

La compréhension de la formation du Système Solaire et de son Evolution est profondément connectée aux connaissances que nous pouvons avoir sur les structures internes des planètes. Des études sismiques in-situ sont donc cruciales pour sonder la structure (répartition et Épaisseur des couches) et la composition interne des planètes telluriques. L'instrument SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) se posera sur Mars en 2018 (mission InSight de la NASA). Il contient deux types de capteurs sismiques: les VBB (Very Broad Band) et SP (Short Period), montés sur le LVL (système de nivellement mécanique) qui a un double objectif: assurer le placement horizontal des capteurs sur le sol de Mars dans des conditions locales inconnues et fournir le couplage mécanique des sismomètres au sol. Dans cette thèse, un modèle analytique simple du LVL est développé afin de reproduire son comportement mécanique grâce au calcul de ses résonnances et de sa fonction de transfert. Ce modèle permettra d'étudier l'effet du LVL sur les données sismiques des VBB et SP enregistrées sur Mars. Celui-ci est d'abord implémenté numériquement puis sa validation est garantie grâce ˆ l'observation de grandes similitudes entre nos résultats et ceux des expériences réalisées en laboratoire avec le modèle de vol. Ces comparaisons prouvent ainsi la fidélité du modèle ˆ la réalité. Après quelques simulations, on remarque également une influence importante du couplage mécanique entre les pieds du LVL et le sol dans les résonnances trouvées. Une étude d'inversion est alors réalisée afin d'observer si le modèle pourrait permettre d'estimer les propriétés du sol au niveau du site d'atterrissage InSight. Un autre travail consiste ˆ modéliser les 6 capteurs VBB et SP sur le LVL et observer la réponse de l'instrument global en translation et en rotation. En effet, des effets de rotation du LVL ˆ courte période peuvent perturber les mesures sismiques. Cette étude peut aussi permettre d'estimer les performances en rotation de SEIS, qui peut être une information clé pour déterminer la vitesse de phase des ondes sismiques de surface, fortement dépendante de la composition du sol. Cette vitesse sera calculée sur Mars en réalisant une expérience sismique active grâce ˆ l'autre instrument principal d'InSight: HP3. Aujourd'hui, de nouveaux projets sont étudiés pour un retour sismique sur la Lune. En effet, les sismomètres Apollo bien qu'ayant une bonne résolution en terme de déplacement du sol étaient cependant incapables de détecter le bruit sismique du sol lunaire, appelé "meteoritic hum". Ce bruit, du aux chutes continues de micrométéorites, a une amplitude estimée ˆ 1/100e de la résolution des sismomètres Apollo ˆ une certaine fréquence. Les phases sismiques du noyau, même si estimées grâce au "stacking" des données, n'ont pas non plus été directement enregistrées. Une nouvelle génération de sismomètres, 100 ˆ 1000 fois plus sensibles que ceux d'Apollo, est donc désirée pour atteindre le plancher du bruit sismique lunaire. Cette sensibilité pourrait permettre de tirer bénéfice de l'intégralité des ondes sismiques générées par l'activité sismique lunaire. La structure d'un tel sismomètre serait un capteur de déplacement, toujours lié ˆ une masse d'épreuve, mais présentant de grosses améliorations en termes de performance, linéarité, et niveau de bruit. Pendant cette thèse, un prototype de système de lecture optique du déplacement de la future masse d'épreuve de ce sismomètre lunaire ultra-sensible est développé, basé sur l'utilisation de la technologie des détecteurs d'ondes gravitationnelles. En effet, ceux-ci sont une référence en termes de mesures interférométriques ˆ basse fréquence et très bas niveau de bruit. Le prototype construit est ainsi basé sur la technique de stabilisation laser appelée "Pound-Drever-Hall". / The understanding of the Solar System formation and its evolution is deeply connected to the knowledge on the planet interior structures. In situ studies with seismometers are therefore crucial to probe the internal structure (distribution and thickness of layers) and composition of the telluric planets. Indeed, SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) will land on Mars in 2018 (NASA InSight mission). Both types of sensors of the SEIS instrument, the VBB (Very Broad Band) and SP (Short Period), are mounted on the LVL (a mechanical levelling system) for which the purpose is twofold: ensure a level placement of the sensors on the Martian ground under yet unknown local conditions and provide the mechanical coupling of the seismometers to the ground. In this thesis, we developed a simplified analytical model of the LVL structure in order to reproduce its mechanical behaviour by predicting its resonances and transfer function. This model will allow to estimate the LVL effect on the VBB and SP data recorded on Mars. It is first implemented numerically and its validation is then guaranteed thanks to the observation of a lot of similarities between our results and those of the laboratory experiments with the LVL flight model. These comparisons prove the model fidelity with reality. After some simulations, we noticed a clear influence of the mechanical coupling between the LVL feet and the ground in the resonances found. For this reason, an inversion study has been realized in order to study if this model could allow to estimate the ground properties of the InSight site. Another work consists in modeling the 3 VBB sensors and the 3 SP sensors on the LVL and to observe the response of the global SEIS instrument in translation and rotation. Indeed, some rotation effects at short period can disturb the seismic measurements. This study can also allows to estimate the performances of SEIS, especially in rotation that can be one important information to recover the phase velocity of the surface seismic waves, highly dependent of the ground composition. This can be realized on Mars with an active seismic experiment thanks to the other main instrument of InSight mission: HP3. Today, new projects are also considered for a seismic return on the Moon. Indeed, the Apollo seismometers had a good resolution in ground displacement but were however unable to detect the Lunar ground seismic noise, named "meteoritic hum". This noise is possibly due to the continuous fall of micro-meteorites and its amplitude has been estimated to be about 1/100 of the resolution of the Apollo sensors at a certain frequency. Core seismic phases, although detected through stacking, have not also been individually recorded. A new generation of broadband seismometers, 100 to 1000 times more sensitive than the Apollo ones are therefore requested in order to reach the lunar seismic noise floor. This sensitivity will allow to take benefit of all the seismic waves generated by the Moon seismic activity. The core of such seismometer will be the proof mass displacement sensors, with extreme improvement in performances, linearity and noise level. During this thesis, we developed an optical readout prototype, based on the use of gravitational waves detectorsÕ technology which is the reference in term of interferometric measurements at low frequency and very low noise levels. This prototype is based on the "Pound-Drever-Hall" laser frequency stabilization technique. The objective is to improve the sensitivity by 2 orders of magnitude compared to the current seismometers performances

This research study explores the experience and effects of long-term practice by six student practitioners of secular mindfulness, compassion and insight forming the Mindfulness-Based Living model incorporated into the MSc in Mindfulness Studies at the University of Aberdeen. A review of existing literature on the topic of mindfulness highlights that research is predominantly postpositivist and quantitative in approach, only recently incorporating limited qualitative studies, and is focused chiefly on mindfulness as a treatment for a range of mental and physical disorders. However, the nature of mindfulness particularly when practised in conjunction with compassion and insight suggests that it is a more intense, complex, nuanced and pervasive experience than is reflected in the literature. An exploration of Buddhist and Western phenomenology highlights important parallels with contemporary secular mindfulness studies indicating, firstly, the value of an in-depth qualitative study capable of surfacing potentially transformative effects of the practice of mindfulness and related disciplines, and, secondly, the potential relevance of mindfulness to the praxis of phenomenological research. Towards these aims, this study utilises an hermeneutic phenomenological approach incorporating mindfulness approaches in its execution. The study takes a dialogical approach, intentionally surfacing the inherent dynamic between researcher and participant. Interview data were collected from participants on multiple occasions over durations of between seven and twelve months and are presented as rich narrative texts organised around emergent themes. Analysis indicates the occurrence of intense, embodied, authentic transcendental experiences that pervade day-to-day life and extend beyond a remedial effect. Researcher data indicate the usefulness of mindfulness to the practice of phenomenological research, supporting embodied interview and phenomenological reduction. The study highlights findings useful to the design of secular programmes and to further research, notably the incorporation of compassion and insight approaches, the centrality of embodiment, and the effects of long term practice on social cohesion.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Philosophy. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 234-241). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99135

Field theory of Lewin was used to analyze the experience of insight problem solving. It was proposed that insight is characterized by the intensity of the experience at the moment of solution. It was argued that the intensity of the insight experience depends on the experienced degree of difficulty of the problem for an individual. The experienced degree of difficulty was conceptualized as a two-fold notion: It was defined by the interdependence of the degree of restructuring involved in the problem and the dynamics of the solution process, which causes the change in the state of tension experienced by the problem solver. Two hypotheses were formulated outlining the relationship between the intensity of the insight experience and both the degree of restructuring required to solve the problem and the amount of tension released in the system with the solution. The developed theoretical framework was investigated in the domain of matchstick arithmetic problems. A measure of the degree of restructuring for this domain was developed, and a preliminary test of the measure was carried out. Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the degree of restructuring and the amount of tension on the intensity of the insight experience. The results showed that the solution of a problem that required higher degree of restructuring resulted in a more intense experience of insight. Moreover, when the same problem was solved with higher level of tension, it led to a more intense experience of insight. Thus, it was empirically shown that the intensity of the insight experience was affected by both structural and dynamic properties of the solution process. The theoretical framework, the design of the experiments, and the results are discussed.

Field theory of Lewin was used to analyze the experience of insight problem solving. It was proposed that insight is characterized by the intensity of the experience at the moment of solution. It was argued that the intensity of the insight experience depends on the experienced degree of difficulty of the problem for an individual. The experienced degree of difficulty was conceptualized as a two-fold notion: It was defined by the interdependence of the degree of restructuring involved in the problem and the dynamics of the solution process, which causes the change in the state of tension experienced by the problem solver. Two hypotheses were formulated outlining the relationship between the intensity of the insight experience and both the degree of restructuring required to solve the problem and the amount of tension released in the system with the solution. The developed theoretical framework was investigated in the domain of matchstick arithmetic problems. A measure of the degree of restructuring for this domain was developed, and a preliminary test of the measure was carried out. Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the degree of restructuring and the amount of tension on the intensity of the insight experience. The results showed that the solution of a problem that required higher degree of restructuring resulted in a more intense experience of insight. Moreover, when the same problem was solved with higher level of tension, it led to a more intense experience of insight. Thus, it was empirically shown that the intensity of the insight experience was affected by both structural and dynamic properties of the solution process. The theoretical framework, the design of the experiments, and the results are discussed.

Thèse (M.A.)--Université Laval, 1998. / Bibliogr.: f. 130-138. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:41:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_9544_Leal, CKN_2017_Dissertacao_Autoconsciencia_Consumo-alcool.pdf: 754537 bytes, checksum: 2af3d6d3a0b3ce3c99112f4ef5224e12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 / O álcool é a droga lícita mais consumida no Brasil, cujo abuso, principalmente entre jovens, tem potencializado a ocorrência de danos e prejuízos para indivíduos e sociedade, configurando um problema social. Fatores ambientais e individuais podem agir nos indivíduos de forma protetiva ou tornando-os mais vulneráveis ao consumo prejudicial e às consequências, direta ou indiretamente, a ele associadas. Entre os fatores individuais, a autoconsciência privada enquanto tendência ou disposição humana de focar a atenção nos próprios pensamentos, sentimentos e comportamentos pode constituir uma capacidade metacognitiva relevante no processo de regulação comportamental. Com o intuito de mensurar essa capacidade, a Escala de Autorreflexão e Insight (EAI), instrumento de avaliação psicológica, afere duas dimensões da autoconsciência privada, a autorreflexão e o insight. Enquanto a primeira dimensão avalia a habilidade reflexiva e de automonitoramento dos indivíduos, a segunda explora o entendimento claro do que se sente e vivencia e das razões para comportar-se de determinado modo. No contexto brasileiro, apesar de o consumo de álcool ser um fenômeno sociocultural importante e extensamente investigado, ainda não se encontravam dados publicados que explorassem a sua relação com a autorreflexão e o insight. Considerando essa janela investigativa, esta dissertação se organizou e apresenta seus principais resultados em dois artigos científicos. O primeiro deles refere uma revisão sistemática de estudos empíricos que aplicaram a EAI, publicados entre 2002 e 2017, recuperados a partir das bases de dados disponíveis no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). De modo prevalente, os estudos verificaram que o insight associou-se a reações emocionais, cognitivas e comportamentais saudáveis e adaptativas, e a autorreflexão mostrou-se inconstante, relacionando-se a reações ora benéficas, ora prejudiciais ao desempenho cognitivo, ao bem-estar físico e psicológico, e às interações sociais dos indivíduos. Os dados levantados indicaram que a autorreflexividade dispara o ciclo de autorregulação, mas o insight é fundamental para o seu progresso equilibrado. O segundo artigo reporta os resultados de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa conduzido com jovens e adultos de 20 a 39 anos, escolhidos como população-alvo por integrarem as faixas etárias mais propensas ao consumo abusivo e à adoção de comportamentos de risco, segundo estatísticas. Participaram 523 brasileiros, com cursos de graduação e/ou pós-graduação, que responderam, além da EAI, o teste AUDIT para verificação de padrões de ingestão de bebida alcoólica. Os resultados mostraram que mulheres apresentam níveis mais elevados de autorreflexão, enquanto homens, de insight. No que se refere ao consumo de álcool, homens relataram beber mais frequentemente e de maneira mais intensa do que mulheres. A autorreflexão e o insight apresentaram correlação negativa estatisticamente significativa com o consumo de álcool indicando que, também nesse contexto, podem atuar como reguladores do comportamento. Diferenças quanto à intensidade da correlação entre as variáveis investigadas nos participantes agrupados por gênero e faixas etárias e a possível influência de fatores ambientais que enfraqueceriam ou modificariam essa correlação foram discutidas.

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När konkurrensen mellan produktutvecklingsföretag växer, blir det allt viktigare att öka ansträngningen för att erhålla bättre kundinsikt (CI). Kundinsikt är essentiellt för att försäkra att företagets produkter utvecklas i linje med kundens behov och samtidigt minimera risken för att utveckla egenskaper hos produkten som saknar värde för kunden. Trots att kundinsikt är en grundläggande del i produktutveckling så har företag ofta svårt att implementera ett effektivt sätt att samla information ifrån kunden och öka sin kundinsikt. Syftet med detta arbete har därför varit att sammanställa och analysera befintliga metoder och verktyg som används i kundinsiktsprocesser samt att sammanställa rekommendationer kring vad som bör tas hänsyn till vid design av en kundinsikts process. Vidare ämnar studien att designa samt applicera en CI process på vindkraftsindustrin, med inriktning mot turbinbladsinspektion (WTBI), för att dels testa rekommendationerna samt att leverera kundinsikt till Case-företaget FLIR Systems. Metoden för detta masterarbete består dels av en fallstudie åt FLIR Systems i Täby vilket innefattar intervjuer med anställda och en fördjupad litteraturstudie. Detta denoteras i rapporten som steg ett. Baserat på rekommendationerna ifrån steg ett så designas och appliceras en CI process på WTBI industrin vilket utgör steg 2. Studien resulterade i att ett antal barriärer relaterade till företagets CI process identifierades. Vidare presenterades rekommendationer gällande vad som bör tas hänsyn till vid skapandet av en kundinsiktsprocess för att bemästra de identifierade barriärerna. Initialt rekommenderas tydliga mål och avgränsningar kring ett företags CI projekt. Vidare rekommenderas ett ramverk för att skapa kundvärdekedjor vilket möjliggöra ett strukturerat sätt prioritera kunder. För att underlätta valet av lämpliga kundinsiktsverktyg för olika projekt utvecklades också vad som i studien har denoteras som en "Design guide". Det kan ses som ett ramverk ämnat för att ge en överblick av vilka verktyg som finns samt dess olika styrkor och svagheter. Vidare resulterade den praktiska kundinsiktsprocessen som applicerades på WTBI industrin dels i värdefull kundinsikt för det givna segmentet. Resultaten tyder också på att sociala nätverk, så som LinkedIn, med fördel kan användas som verktyg i CI processen för att överkomma ett flertal barriärer. / As the competition is getting tougher it becomes important for product development companies to increase their efforts of collecting customer insight (CI). This is essential to ensure that products are developed in coherence with the customer’s needs in order to decrease the risk of developing products that does not add value to the customer. However, despite customer insight being crucial for product development, companies appear to struggle with implementing a suitable way to collect customer insight. The purpose of this master thesis has been to compile and analyse existing methods and tools used in the CI process in order to provide recommendations on what to consider when designing such a process. Further, the study aims to design and apply a CI process, targeting the wind turbine blade inspection (WTBI) industry, both in order to test the recommendations as well as deliver customer insight requested by the case company FLIR Systems. The methodology of this master thesis was partly the case study at FLIR, consisting of interviews with the employees and an extensive literature review. This has been denoted as stage one. Based on the recommendations derived from stage one, a CI process was designed and applied targeting the WTBI industry, denoted staged two. The result was a set of identified barriers related to the company’s CI process. Further, recommendations of what to consider when designing the CI process was derived, aiming to help the company overcome the barriers. It was proposed that the company needed to clearly state the scope for their CI projects. Also, it was recommended to adopt the customer value chain framework in order to gain a more structured approach when assessing which customers to target. Further, what have been denoted as the design guide was provided to the company in order to encourage an active evaluation of which tools to include in their CI process. An additional outcome from the test was that the use of a social network channel, such as LinkedIn, seems to reduce several of the barriers. In terms of customer insight for the WTBI industry, the study managed to derive valuable information for the case company which was perceived as useful for further research