Spelling suggestions: "subject:"insolation"" "subject:"consolation""
1 |
Flächendeckende Erfassung und Beschreibung der solaren Strahlung zum Zweck einer kurzfristigen und räumlich kleinskaligen Einstrahlungsprognose /Heisterkamp, Norbert. January 1999 (has links) (PDF)
Univ., Diss--Paderborn. / Literaturverz. S. 156 - 163. Nebent.: Prognose der Solarstrahlung.
|
2 |
Solar radiation assessment in PakistanRaja, Iftikhar Ahmed January 1992 (has links)
No description available.
|
3 |
An Interactive Menu-Driven Design Tool For Stand-Alone Photovoltaic SystemsWolete, Joseph N. 19 February 1998 (has links)
The use of Photovoltaic (PV) systems to meet energy demand in rural or remote regions of the world is growing at a very fast pace. Rural electrification projects in developing countries have relied primarily on subsidies from both the government and the national utility. Since using the national grid to meet energy demand in these areas has been found to be quite expensive over time, governments in developing countries have turned to photovoltaic technology as a means of providing electricity needs to their rural population.
To facilitate the use of PV systems in developing countries, the author has developed an interactive menu-driven design tool called PVONE that may serve as a guide to engineers and government officials to decide whether a stand-alone photovoltaic system is feasible at a location. PVONE consists of three parts - insolation, system design and economic analysis. In order to predict insolation, PVONE first utilizes the clear sky insolation model that is based on latitude, longitude and altitude of a location. Then it incorporates the standard classification criteria to classify the days of a month according to day types. Based on how the days are classified, a new set of insolation is predicted. For system design, the PVONE program is used to determine the array characteristics based on the chosen photovoltaic module, the system design load and the daily insolation at the location. To determine whether the proposed system is feasible at the location, the PVONE program performs an energy output analysis and economic analysis. The system designed is considered feasible at the location only if it satisfies the load demand and has a positive net present value. / Master of Science
|
4 |
Why do bats fly at night? : the role of hyperthermia in constraining diurnal flight in batsThomson, Susan C. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
|
5 |
Examining the Role of Latitude and Differential Insolation in Asymmetrical Valley DevelopmentCurran, Lorna L. 08 1900 (has links)
Valley development through erosional processes typically tends to create symmetrical valleys. Over time, water cuts through the substrate to create valleys, gorges, and canyons for which the sides are the valley are evenly sloped. However, there are anomalies to this process. Asymmetrical valleys have been well-documented even in areas of uniform substrate or little tectonic uplift. One proposed explanation for the asymmetry of these valleys is differential insolation. This may lead to different microclimates from one slope to another which alter the rate and extent of erosion. Since the differences in received insolation vary with latitude (especially in streams that flow along an east/west axis), it follows that the degree of asymmetry should also vary with latitude if differential insolation is a primary driving factor in the development of these valleys. To evaluate if insolation plays a role in the development of asymmetrical valleys, this study examines variability in asymmetry across 447 valleys in nine study areas located at different latitudes. The degree of asymmetry for each valley was measured by using 30 meter resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) to determine the slope angle of each side of the valley. Asymmetry was measured by computing a ratio of the average slope angle for each side of the valley (larger value divided by smaller). If the resulting value is one, the valley is deemed symmetrical. As the value increases, the degree of asymmetry increases. This investigation found that contrary to expectations, valleys at lower latitudes tend to have a higher degree of asymmetry than those at higher latitudes, which suggests that differential insolation does not play a major role in the development of these valleys. Instead, this study found that high altitudes and low latitudes are more frequently associated with a higher degree of asymmetry. These unexpected findings open the door to new avenues of investigation into the causes of asymmetrical valley development.
|
6 |
Optical considerations in solar concentrating systemsBuie, Damien Charles William January 2003 (has links)
To optimise the performance of concentrating solar power systems, a detailed knowledge of the resultant flux distribution in the imaging plane is required. To achieve this, an accurate model of the direct solar beam impinging on the concentrator is essential. This thesis presents an empirical model of the terrestrial solar distribution that has both a high-correlation to observed data and an invariance to a change in location. The model is based on the amount of circumsolar radiation in the direct beam and takes into account the small variations that are due to atmospheric scattering. A modelling framework is developed to simulate the flux distribution in the imaging plane of a generic solar concentrating system. Algorithms are developed to include the following: the spatial solar energy distribution; the systemic effect of reflecting that distribution off a non-ideal mirrored surface; the spectral energy distribution; the transmission, absorption and reflection characteristics of optical thin films; and the coordinates of the solar vector. The framework is then used to investigate the performance of anti-reflection coatings on silicon substrates and the performance of linear Fresnel systems. Combined, these algorithms and simulation tools can be applied to create comprehensive optical models of solar concentrating systems.
|
7 |
Optical considerations in solar concentrating systemsBuie, Damien Charles William January 2003 (has links)
To optimise the performance of concentrating solar power systems, a detailed knowledge of the resultant flux distribution in the imaging plane is required. To achieve this, an accurate model of the direct solar beam impinging on the concentrator is essential. This thesis presents an empirical model of the terrestrial solar distribution that has both a high-correlation to observed data and an invariance to a change in location. The model is based on the amount of circumsolar radiation in the direct beam and takes into account the small variations that are due to atmospheric scattering. A modelling framework is developed to simulate the flux distribution in the imaging plane of a generic solar concentrating system. Algorithms are developed to include the following: the spatial solar energy distribution; the systemic effect of reflecting that distribution off a non-ideal mirrored surface; the spectral energy distribution; the transmission, absorption and reflection characteristics of optical thin films; and the coordinates of the solar vector. The framework is then used to investigate the performance of anti-reflection coatings on silicon substrates and the performance of linear Fresnel systems. Combined, these algorithms and simulation tools can be applied to create comprehensive optical models of solar concentrating systems.
|
8 |
Study of building solar insolation with 3D GIS¡VAnalysis of shadow shading and solar radiationTao, Cheng-keng 07 December 2005 (has links)
Sunshine, air and water are the vital elements to the human. This study investigated the insolation and solar radiation in Kaohsiung city. Solar radiation on the horizontal and declined plane was calculated. Sun shadow model for urban buildings was constructed for computing accumulated sunshining hours. Horizontal and vertical building shadows were displayed in ArcGIS ¡V the GIS software.
Raster-based data model was used to analyze the effect of sun shadow shading by neighbour buildings. And the effect of shadow shading for solar water heater was also investigated.
According to the results, minor installation error of orientation and decline angles of solar panel will not cause major energy loss. And the distance between the buildings¡Bthe height difference and the orientation between buildings are most important factors which affect optimal installation location of the solar water heater. If there are buildings located to the south, southeast and southwest, and the stories difference between buildings is over three, the installing location should be moved toward north. If buildings are next to each others and the variation of height is large, the efficient of receiving solar radiation will be deteriorated. The larger is the distance between buildings, the better the energy received.
|
9 |
O envelope solar e o direito ao sol / The solar envelope and the right to the sunCastro Perez, Denis Roberto, 1946- 30 August 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Edison Favero / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T08:54:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
CastroPerez_DenisRoberto_M.pdf: 10998353 bytes, checksum: 0e04f9184b6982b9301f851aa3849138 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo que investiga formas de regulamentação de acesso ao sol e da sua qualificação, nos processos de planejamento urbano e projeto do edifício. Pela grande disponibilidade de sol e luz natural no país, torna-se recomendável esta regulamentação. Com o aprofundamento do conhecimento do envelope solar e a introdução do seu conceito nas legislações urbanísticas, é possível garantir o direito, em legislação específica, do acesso ao sol conforme determinantes climáticas. Esta pesquisa visa a proposição de subsídios para a reformulação e adequação, ou criação de novas legislações, bem como conscientizar o Poder Público para o uso do envelope solar e de outras condicionantes na emissão de diretrizes que servirão para dar início ao projeto arquitetônico. A pesquisa foi norteada pela construção dos envelopes solares, por latitude, orientação, em determinadas horas no solstício de inverno, em zonas urbanas do município de Campinas com distintas densidades. Com o auxílio de ferramentas CAD e de outros programas de computação, foram construídos os envelopes solares que serviram de base para a obtenção de dados e análises das relações entre os índices urbanísticos com as características físicas dos terrenos, edifícios, vizinhança, densidades, insolação e sombreamento, com a verificação da legislação local. Finalmente, são apresentados os resultados obtidos - conclusões que poderão contribuir para o crescimento urbano organizado e sustentável, abrindo novas possibilidades de projetos para o desenho urbano e a arquitetura / Abstract: This work presents a study that investigates forms of regulation of access to the sun and its qualification, in the processes of urban planning and project of the building. Given the great availability of sun and natural light in the country, this regulation becomes recommendable. With the spread of the knowledge about the solar envelope and the introduction of its concept in the urbanistic legislations, it is possible to guarantee the right to the sun access according to specific climatic conditions. This research aims at the proposal of subsidies for the reformularization and adequacy, or creation of new legislations, as well as to acquire knowledge the Public Power for the use of the solar envelope and other directivies to the architectural project. The research was guided by the construction of the solar envelopes, by latitude, orientation, in determined hours in the winter solstice, in urban zones of the city of Campinas with distinct densities. With the aid of CAD tools and other programs of computation, the constructed solar envelopes that had served as basis for the attainment of data and analyses of the relations between the urbanistic indexes and the physical characteristics of lands, buildings, neighborhood, densities, insolation and shadowing, with the verification of the local legislation. Finally, conclusions are presented the gotten results - that will be able to contribute for the organized and sustainable urban growth, opening new possibilities of projects for the urban drawing and architecture / Mestrado / Arquitetura e Construção / Mestre em Engenharia Civil
|
10 |
A influência das condições climáticas na durabilidade dos revestimentos de fachada: estudo de caso na cidade de Goiânia GO / The influence of climatic conditions on the durability of facade coatings: a case study in the city of Goiânia-GOFREITAS, Juliana Gomes de 29 August 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao_Juliana Gomes de Freitas - parte 1.pdf: 1986084 bytes, checksum: 775092561e5ebbcb68aef7acbe0f2a91 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / The climatic elements are related to the deterioration of the facades of buildings.
Understanding the joint action of rain, wind and sunshine is important for prevention of
pathological manifestations, thus ensuring the durability of coatings. Then, it becomes
essential to know about the mechanisms of heat and moisture in porous materials. The
problems related to this phenomenon are many, including the dimensional variation, which
can cause cracks. The solar orientation and the presence of architectural details on the facades
can cause the existence of the wettest spots, which favors the deposition of pollutants and
microorganisms, causing stains. Thus, this paper aims at analyzing and understanding of
issues that address the durability of facade coatings based on the understanding of the
influence of climatic factors in buildings of the School of Engineering of the Federal
University of Goiás (UFG), in Goiânia. Methodologically, the study aimed to: conducting a
survey in order to quantify and map the pathological manifestations present, measurements of
surface temperature and humidity in the dry and rainy seasons, trying to relate them to the
cardinal orientations, creation of maps of wind-driven rain using data from the meteorological
station of UFG, and conducting thermographic images, also in the rainy and dry seasons. The
main results, it was found that the facades are exposed to different levels of humidity and
temperature, which may favor the further deterioration of these. It was found that the north
façade is the one that receives more sunlight in both the rainy and dry season, contributing to
a high rate of fissuration. The same orientation is also one of the most humid and with higher
levels of staining, consolidated information through wind-driven rain, that in the months of
January and February 2012 reached one of the highest values. It was also observed that
among the sites chosen for the measurements of surface moisture and temperature, the more
prone to deterioration are the architectural details, as reached the highest values. In relation to
infrared thermography, it was found that the best time of year for inspections was in the dry
season and in the afternoon. In these periods, it was possible to identify pathological
manifestations in the facades, such as stains, cracks and fantômes. An example is the case of
the cracks which had a temperature 1°C lower than the part of the masonry without defects. It
was also possible to visualize moist spots, as well as the lining of the points that were on the
masonry and structure. / A deterioração das fachadas dos edifícios está relacionada com os elementos climáticos. A
compreensão da ação conjunta da chuva, vento e insolação é importante para prevenção de
manifestações patológicas, garantindo, assim, a durabilidade dos revestimentos. Para tanto,
torna-se essencial o conhecimento a respeito dos mecanismos de transporte de calor e
umidade em materiais porosos. Os problemas relacionados a estes fenômenos são diversos,
dentre eles a variação dimensional, que pode ocasionar fissuras. A orientação solar e a
presença de detalhes arquitetônicos nas fachadas podem provocar a existência de pontos mais
úmidos, o que favorece a deposição de poluentes e a proliferação de microorganismos,
causando manchamentos. Deste modo, o presente trabalho objetiva a análise e entendimento
de aspectos que visem à durabilidade dos revestimentos de fachadas a partir da compreensão
da influência dos fatores climáticos em edifícios da Escola de Engenharia da Universidade
Federal de Goiás (UFG), na cidade de Goiânia - GO. Metodologicamente, o estudo propôs-se
à: realização de uma vistoria, com o intuito de quantificar e mapear as manifestações
patológicas presentes; medições de temperatura e umidade superficiais nas estações seca e
chuvosa, buscando relacioná-las com as orientações cardeais; cálculo do índice de chuva
dirigida direcional mensal utilizando os dados da estação meteorológica da UFG; e realização
de imagens termográficas, também nos períodos seco e chuvoso. Como principais resultados,
verificou-se que as fachadas estão expostas a diferentes níveis de umidade e temperatura, o
que pode favorecer a maior deterioração destas. Constatou-se que a fachada Norte é a que
recebe mais insolação tanto no período seco quanto no chuvoso, contribuindo para um alto
índice de fissuração. A mesma orientação também é uma das mais úmidas e com maiores
níveis de manchamento, informação consolidada por meio do índice de chuva dirigida
direcional que, nos meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2012, atingiu um dos valores mais altos.
Observou-se também que, dentre os locais escolhidos para as medições de umidade e
temperatura superficiais, o mais propício à deterioração são os detalhes arquitetônicos, pois
atingiram os mais altos valores. Em relação à termografia infravermelha, constatou-se que o
melhor período do ano para as inspeções era na época seca e no horário da tarde. Nestes
períodos, foi possível a identificação de manifestações patológicas nas fachadas, como
manchas, fissuras e fantômes. Um exemplo é o caso das fissuras que possuíam temperatura
1°C menor que a parte da alvenaria sem defeitos. Foi possível a também a visualização de
pontos úmidos, bem como dos pontos do revestimento que estavam sobre a alvenaria e a
estrutura.
|
Page generated in 0.0841 seconds