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Pour répondre à la question : Comment une expérience éducative incertaine, à son origine, a pu se pérenniser? Nous avons formulé l’hypothèse que, dès sa création, un « processus d’institutionnalisation » amène progressivement les acteurs à construire un univers au nom duquel ou pour lequel ils transforment l'utopie éducative d'une communauté de familles en une institution à la fois plastique et paradoxale. L’approche historique nous conduit à définir des périodes et à identifier des facteurs d’évolution du Rucher qui sont autant d’étapes et de mouvements d’un processus qui vise à institutionnaliser des fonctions parentales en éducation spécialisée.La matrice originelle d’une utopie éducative inscrite dans le personnalisme chrétien et le modèle familial, l’époque des pionniers. (1943 - 1960) Début de la segmentation de la matrice et mise en œuvre d’un modèle institutionnel de référence pour les M.E.C.S. (1960 – 1969) Le champ de l'éducation spécialisée se différencie de celui de la famille par la professionnalité et création d’un centre de formation d’éducateurs. (1969 – 1976) Mise en place d’un nouveau modèle, implantation du salariat et de la professionnalisation qui change le rapport à l’enfant placé, mais aussi transmission de savoirs faire et de valeurs. (1976 – 1983) Succéder au fondateur et sauvegarder sa place sur le nouvel échiquier institutionnel de la protection de l’enfance. Garder son identité et structurer son action. Syndicalisation et réorganisation visant la conformité et la créativité. (1983 – 1995) Aujourd’hui, le processus d'institutionnalisation du Rucher maintient la continuité temporelle de l'œuvre dans une dynamique et un esprit de « fidélité inventive » garants de sa démarche historique tout en proposant des modes d’action actualisés. / To answer the question : How an educational experience that was uncertain at its beginning, has been able to perpetuate ? We assume that from the start, an " institutionalization process " progressively leads the people involved to build a world on behalf of which or for which they transform the educational utopia of a community of families in an institution which is both plastic and paradoxical. The history of the Rucher consists of periods and evolution factors which are as many stages and movements of a process which aim at institutionalizing parenting duties in special education. The original matrix of an educational utopia inscribed in christian personalism and family model, pioneers era. (1943-1960 )Beginning of the segmentation of the matrix and the setting-up of a reference institutional model for children's home. ( 1960-1969 )The special education field differs from that of the family by professionalism and the creation of a school for workers caring for children with special needs. ( 1969-1976 )The introduction of a new model, the establishment of wage-earning and professionalism which change the relationship with the children in care, but also the know-how and values transmission. (1976-1983 )Taking over from the founder and saving one's place on the new institutional scene of child welffare. Keeping one's identity and structuring one's action. Unionization and reorganization aiming at conformity and creativity. ( 1983-1995 )Today, the institutionalization process of the Rucher maintains across the time, continuity of the task with a dynamic spirit full of faithfulness and invention, guaranteeing its historical move and updating ways for action.

Restorative justice emerged in the western world as an alternative to the existing retributive penal system. An alternative that no longer relied on lawyers and judges to resolve criminal matters and community disputes, but rather empowered victims, offenders, and community members to do justice themselves. Throughout the past thirty years restorative justice has distanced itself from the traditional criminal justice system by focusing on repairing the harm caused by an offence rather than charging an offender for committing a crime against the state. This study focuses on the institutionalization of restorative justice. Specifically, this thesis conducts a content analysis of five Canada institutionalized restorative justice programs with the purpose of answering one primary research question. This question asks: are institutionalized restorative justice programs within Canada structured to reflect the core values of restorative justice? In order to answer this question, this thesis analyzes all the available textual documents pertaining to the five selected restorative justice programs for evidence of core restorative justice values and values associated with the co-opting institution, the retributive criminal justice system. This thesis concludes that yes, the five analyzed restorative programs are structured to reflect the core values of restorative justice. Although, the programs are also structured to reflect the core values of the current political ideology of neo-liberalism.

This thesis examines issues surrounding access to records relating to people labelled with intellectual disability who have been institutionalized in Manitoba. It argues that the devaluation of people labelled with intellectual disabilities, together with the failures and difficulties in acquiring, preserving, describing and accessing records that describe the historical experiences of people labelled with intellectual disability who have been institutionalized, allows society to continue to seem like it does not know “the wrong they are doing with institutions.” In conclusion, this thesis advocates for means by which the experiences of people who have been institutionalized could be created, archived and more broadly available to the public. / February 2017

Restorative justice emerged in the western world as an alternative to the existing retributive penal system. An alternative that no longer relied on lawyers and judges to resolve criminal matters and community disputes, but rather empowered victims, offenders, and community members to do justice themselves. Throughout the past thirty years restorative justice has distanced itself from the traditional criminal justice system by focusing on repairing the harm caused by an offence rather than charging an offender for committing a crime against the state. This study focuses on the institutionalization of restorative justice. Specifically, this thesis conducts a content analysis of five Canada institutionalized restorative justice programs with the purpose of answering one primary research question. This question asks: are institutionalized restorative justice programs within Canada structured to reflect the core values of restorative justice? In order to answer this question, this thesis analyzes all the available textual documents pertaining to the five selected restorative justice programs for evidence of core restorative justice values and values associated with the co-opting institution, the retributive criminal justice system. This thesis concludes that yes, the five analyzed restorative programs are structured to reflect the core values of restorative justice. Although, the programs are also structured to reflect the core values of the current political ideology of neo-liberalism.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of York, 1979. / Limited cataloging.

240f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-11T17:32:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Gismario Nobreseg.pdf: 3937433 bytes, checksum: d545e7cbe85944b62fadf4d958d1ecde (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-11T17:14:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Gismario Nobreseg.pdf: 3937433 bytes, checksum: d545e7cbe85944b62fadf4d958d1ecde (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-11T17:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Gismario Nobreseg.pdf: 3937433 bytes, checksum: d545e7cbe85944b62fadf4d958d1ecde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Essa tese analisa as relações entre o Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) e o Estado (conflito, diálogo e parcerias), explorando a relação contraditória entre a autonomia do sujeito social e a institucionalidade democrática. Objetiva essa investigação compreender a formação desse movimento social como sujeito coletivo em meio às suas complexas relações com o Estado, ou seja, em que medida sua participação em distintos contextos de confrontos institucionalizados alterou o seu sentido de liberdade e autonomia condicionado pela vivência institucional; identificar elementos da democratização da relação base/direção, em oposição à cultura predominante na sociedade na qual prevalecem relações autoritárias hierárquicas, o clientelismo e mecanismos abertos e/ou velados de cooptação que se reatualizam. Portanto, com base em estudos e pesquisas, dividiu-se essa tese em quatro capítulos, além das considerações finais. O primeiro capítulo enfoca as origens das concepções do MST. Procurou-se identificar as matrizes ideológicas nas quais se referencia o MST. Também recupera o processo de discussão e redefinição da natureza do Estado pari passu à afirmação da sociedade civil. O segundo capítulo versa sobre o duro caminho do MST em Sergipe na busca da autonomia. Nesse processo procurou-se compreender sua relação com setores da igreja, da CUT e do PT bem como os mecanismos tradicionais de institucionalização dos movimentos sociais no campo adotado, tanto pela igreja católica quanto pelo estado. O terceiro capítulo refere-se à caminhada ascendente do MST na busca da afirmação da sua identidade, procurando identificar sua participação nos novos canais de mediação institucional. O último capítulo objetiva contextualizar a luta dos sem-terra no complexo quadro de polarização ideológica entre o PT e o PFL e de cooptação dos movimentos sociais. E por fim as considerações finais onde procuramos estabelecer o grau de correspondência entre a hipótese e os resultados da pesquisa. / Salvador

Restorative justice emerged in the western world as an alternative to the existing retributive penal system. An alternative that no longer relied on lawyers and judges to resolve criminal matters and community disputes, but rather empowered victims, offenders, and community members to do justice themselves. Throughout the past thirty years restorative justice has distanced itself from the traditional criminal justice system by focusing on repairing the harm caused by an offence rather than charging an offender for committing a crime against the state. This study focuses on the institutionalization of restorative justice. Specifically, this thesis conducts a content analysis of five Canada institutionalized restorative justice programs with the purpose of answering one primary research question. This question asks: are institutionalized restorative justice programs within Canada structured to reflect the core values of restorative justice? In order to answer this question, this thesis analyzes all the available textual documents pertaining to the five selected restorative justice programs for evidence of core restorative justice values and values associated with the co-opting institution, the retributive criminal justice system. This thesis concludes that yes, the five analyzed restorative programs are structured to reflect the core values of restorative justice. Although, the programs are also structured to reflect the core values of the current political ideology of neo-liberalism.

The Sandinista Revolution is arguably the most significant event in Nicaraguan history. Because of its historical importance and distinctive socio-cultural context, the Sandinista Revolution offers significant opportunities for scholarly inquiry. The literature on the Sandinista Revolution is substantial. However, little is known about the organization Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) and how it evolved into the leader of the movement which sought to overthrow the 45-year Somoza dictatorship. In revolutionary literature, the concept of revolutionary vanguard or vanguard party is common. However, the notion of vanguardism as a process and what constitutes a vanguardist organization is yet to be explored. This study aims to provide such an investigation, through an examination of the insurrectional period (1974-1979) leading up to the Sandinista Revolutionary Victory in 1979. Grounded in Scott's (2008) institutional framework, this study describes the evolution of the FSLN into the vanguard of the anti-Somoza movement, identifying relationships between institutional elements involved in the FSLN's institutionalization process and progression into "leader" of the movement. Data from interviews, newspaper articles, and video documentaries were scrutinized in search of answers to the question: How do mechanisms, carriers, and agency as elements of institutions explain vanguardism in the case study of the FSLN? This research reveals critical mechanisms, carriers and agency in the vanguardism of the FSLN, and explains how these elements supported this process. In this sense, this research reveals distinctive characteristics in vanguardism as an institutional process, which differentiate vanguardism from other processes. This research presents an opportunity to learn about the FSLN-a vastly unique politico-military organization. Additionally, there is an opportunity to broaden our observational lens, taking a neoinstitutional approach, to illustrate new ways in which organizations evolve, change and adapt to their environments. Lastly, this study hopes to pave the way for future studies in organizational vanguardism. / Ph. D.