Lee Po Keung Tommy. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1997-98, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Introduction / Chapter 1 --- Needs / Chapter 2 --- Client and Users / Chapter 3 --- Site Selection and Context / Chapter 4 --- Planning (statutory) constraints / Chapter 5 --- Design Objectives / Project Analysis / Chapter 1 --- Subject Analysis / Roles and Goals of Prisons / Typology Studies / Precedents / Chapter 2 --- Users Analysis / Schedule of Activities / Schedule of Accommodation / Chapter 3 --- Site/ Context Analysis / Design Development / Chapter 1 --- First Review / Chapter 2 --- Second Review / Chapter 3 --- Third review / Final Project / Chapter 1 --- Refinements for Final Project / Chapter 2 --- Final Drawings / Chapter 3 --- Special Studies / Evaluation / Appendix

This thesis explores the shifts and continuities in the construction of security in the post-communist period. The thesis provides an insight into the reasons and the ways in which the dominant discourse of security and foreign policy of the Albanian state shifted in 1997 from a an emphasis on the ‘nation’ and ‘national sovereignty’ into a liberal discourse which emphasized the ‘economy’ and the ‘region’. The overarching question of the thesis is why did the Euro-Atlantic orientation become the hegemonic discourse of Albanian foreign and security policy in the post-1997 period? In order to find the answer for this question I will concentrate on the meanings that the Albanian political elites—and more specifically the two main governing parties, the Democratic Party and the Socialist Party— have attached to the notions of ‘national question’ and ‘Euro-Atlantic orientation’. The argument of the thesis is that the different articulations of ‘Euro-Atlantic orientation’ and of the ‘national interest’ have relied upon the elites’ different conceptions of self, that is, what constituted Albanianism. In turn, the political actors translate the basic identity narratives of the nation through their ideological/interpretative repertoires. The thesis builds on Discourse Theory and particularly the approach developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe (1985) By incorporating notions of ‘identification strategies’, ‘interpretative repertoires’ and ‘myth’ into the framework of Lene Hansen and Ole Waever (2001), the thesis reveals the intricate interplay between the construction of state identity and of political identities in post-communist Albania.

Ce travail s’intéresse aux relations entre l’économie, la société et l’État au travers de la comparaison de trois institutions économiques – les chambres de commerce de Gênes, Bruges et Cologne – dans le contexte de la construction de l’Empire napoléonien. En s’appuyant sur une documentation issue des archives des chambres de commerce dans les trois villes étudiées, de fonds préfectoraux et des archives du ministère de l’Intérieur à Paris, il s’agit d’étudier les modalités du transfert culturel opéré à partir de 1802 avec la création des premières chambres de commerce dans les départements annexés de l’Empire français. Cette perspective, inscrite dans un questionnement global portant sur la rationalité du modèle institutionnel des chambres de commerce napoléoniennes, permet d’analyser les formes d’appropriations locales des institutions et pose la question de la spécificité de ces constructions institutionnelles dans les départements annexés. Ce travail montre que les règles, les ressources et les compétences des chambres sont en grande partie déterminés par les acteurs locaux, plutôt que par l’État. Il souligne également l’enracinement du fonctionnement de ces institutions dans un ensemble de réseaux sociaux et institutionnels construits sur l’initiative des négociants membres des chambres, sur lesquels reposent également les pouvoirs qui leur sont conférés par l’État et son administration dans la régulation des économies locales. Enfin, la localisation des chambres étudiées dans les départements annexés constitue plutôt une ressource dans la mesure où leur position d’intermédiaire auprès de l’État et des négociants locaux est renforcée / Comparing three economic institutions – the chambers of commerce of Genoa, Bruges and Cologne – this research focuses on the relationships between the economy, society and the State at the time of the expansion of Napoleon's Empire.Based on documents from the archives of these three chambers of commerce, as well as on archives from the Prefecture and the Ministry of the Interior in Paris, this research aims to study the process of cultural transfer from 1802 onwards, starting with the creation of the first chambers of commerce in departments annexed by the French Empire. This perspective, which is part of a broader reflection on the rationality of the model of the Napoleonic chambers of commerce, allows us to analyze the degrees of local ownership of the institutions and raises the question of the specific institutional construction of the chambers of commerce in the new French departments.This research intends to show that the rules, resources and competence of the chambers depend mostly on local actors, rather than on the State. It also highlights the fact that the workings of these institutions are rooted in social and institutional networks, established by merchants who are also members of the chambers of commerce. The power to regulate the local economy, vested in the chamber by the State, relies heavily on these valuable networks. Finally, the distant location of the three chambers, in newly annexed departments, proves to be an asset, by strenghtening their position as an intermediary between the State and local merchants

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009. / Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 425-458). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references.

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Fakultät der Geschichts-, Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften--Universität Stuttgart, 1995. / Résumé en anglais. Bibliogr. p. 313-335. Index.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de découvrir si l’environnement institutionnel affecte la performance agricole dans le cas du Cambodge et comment le premier influe sur la dernière. Pour répondre à cet objectif, trois hypothèses sont formulées : (1) l’environnement institutionnel joue un rôle important dans la protection des droits de propriété foncière ; (2) les droits de propriété foncière sécurisés augmentent la productivité agricole par la stimulation des incitations d’investissement des agriculteurs ; (3) les droits de propriété foncière sécurisés accroissent la productivité agricole par la facilitation de l’accès au crédit formel. Méthodologiquement, la recherche est basée sur les différentes théories de la Nouvelle Economie Institutionnelle, qui expliquent que les institutions déterminent la structure des incitations des acteurs économiques dans une société. Spécifiquement, les institutions politiques déterminent les institutions économiques, c’est-à-dire les droits de propriété, qui à leur tour affectent la performance économique en général et la performance agricole en particulier. La recherche est également basée sur les données venant de diverses sources, telles que des agences gouvernementales, des instituts de recherche locaux, des organisations non-gouvernementales et des organisations internationales, qui sont susceptibles de servir de base pour des analyses empiriques. En outre, le cas de l’Afrique subsaharienne est également étudié à titre de comparaison. Le résultat de la thèse confirme fortement les deux premières hypothèses, mais peu la dernière. Le résultat indique que l’impact de l’environnement institutionnel sur la productivité agricole via la protection des droits de propriété foncière est lié au contexte particulier parce qu’il devrait être complété par un environnement économique favorable, tel que l’infrastructure physique et la technologie agricole améliorées et les institutions du marché développées. De plus, on apprend que les résultats désirés ne sont pas obtenus si les institutions formelles (c’est-à-dire, l’enregistrement formel des terres) sont imposées via l’approche top-down dans les régions où les institutions informelles existantes sont fortement encastrées. / The purpose of this dissertation is to find out if the institutional environment affects agricultural performance in the case of Cambodia and how the former exerts an influence on the latter. To respond to this purpose, three hypotheses are formulated: (1) the institutional environment plays an important role in protecting property rights in land; (2) secure property rights in land increase agricultural productivity through the stimulation of farmers’ investment incentives; (3) secure property rights in land raise agricultural productivity through the facilitation of access to formal credit. Methodologically, the research is based on different theories of New Institutional Economics, which explain that institutions determine the incentive structure of economic actors in society. Specifically, political institutions shape economic institutions, i.e. property rights, which in turn affect economic performance in general and agricultural performance in particular. The research is also based on the data from various sources, such as government agencies, local research institutes, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations, which can serve as a basis for empirical analyses. In addition, the case of Sub-Saharan Africa is also studied for comparison. The result of the dissertation confirms strongly the first two hypotheses but slightly the last one. The result indicates that the impact of institutional environment on agricultural productivity through the protection of property rights in land is context-specific because it should be complemented by a favorable economic environment, such as improved physical infrastructure and agricultural technology and developed market institutions. Furthermore, it is learned that, in developing countries, the desired outcomes will not be obtained if formal institutions (i.e., formal land registration) are imposed through a top-down approach in areas where the existing informal institutions are strongly embedded.

This study explored the role of institutions in countries that have improved their competitiveness in a short time period, under the framework of institutional theory. This study investigated how informal and formal institutions have evolved and interacted. The purpose of the study was to build on institutional theory by exploring the role and interaction of institutions in nations that have undergone institutional changes. A literature review was done to provide a foundation for the study. Case studies of Singapore and Finland – countries that have improved their competitiveness in a short time period – were done in this study. A number of documents in the public domain were observed: internet resources, reports, and studies on Singapore and Finland. The study concluded that countries that have improved their competitiveness achieved their goals through their own institutional mix and through interactions among institutions. Active interactions among institutions were based on broad coalition among actors and the directions of interactions in each country differed. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management of the University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Laws in Labour Law, 2018 / This paper examines whether there is any role for financial education of the members of the public in the legal mandate of the Central Bank of Lesotho. The traditional functions of the central banks have been discussed to see first whether Central Bank of Lesotho performs functions similar to those of its sister banks. All the statutes that enshrine the functions of the central bank are analysed and interpreted in order to conclude whether and how financial education of the members of public forms part of the legal mandate. Conclusions and recommendations on how best to address financial education in Lesotho are made at the end of this report. / XL2019