<p>The local wind band in Lilla Edet, <em>Lilla Edets Musikförening</em>, springs from work and activities in the late 19:th century. Since then, the band has developed from a brass sextet to mixed wind band. It has been an appreciated contribution to the society on festive occasions. Yet, it seems like the band more and more has lost it´s useful purpose. Also, the recruiting of new members has ceased, as the music school has trouble with attracting pupils to learn to play wind instruments.</p><p>The reasons for this reduced interest are more then one. One aspect can be lack of atten-tion to the genre in music education, both in the music school and in the regular school. It may also be due to the media not showing enough of the wind music. That this genre, in many purposes, has been replaced by today´s popular music also makes the average Swede unaware of it´s qualities.</p><p>There are, however, places where the wind music tradition is stronger. This can, for example, come from special wind instrument education at an early age. It can also be due to the local band playing a prominent part in the society.</p><p>To help a languishing band activity, the band itself must cooperate with the music school and the society. All parts must do what they can to make sure the business stays alive.</p> / <p>Lilla Edets Musikförening har sitt ursprung ur föreningslivet i slutet av 1800-talet. Musik-kåren har sedan dess utvecklats från mässingssextett till blandad blåsorkester. Den har uppskattats och haft sin givna plats vid högtider i, och i många fall utanför, kommunen. Dock har musikföreningens funktion i samhället med åren successivt blivit mindre befintlig. Därtill har rekryteringen av nya medlemmar avstannat, i takt med att musikskolan lockar färre och färre elever till att spela blåsinstrument.</p><p>Anledningarna till detta minskande blåsmusikintresse kan dels vara brist på uppmärksamhet på genren i musikundervisningen, både i musikskolan och i den vanliga skolan, dels kan det vara att blåsmusiken syns för lite i media. Att blåsmusiken, som underhållnings- och funktionsmusik, ersatts av dagens populärmusik, gör också att kunskapen om blåsmusiken är liten hos medelsvensken.</p><p>Dock finns platser där blåsmusiktraditionen är starkare. Detta kan t.ex. komma sig av att man satsar på särskild blåsundervisning i tidig ålder, eller att musikkårsverksamheten har en väldigt framträdande och självklar roll i samhället.</p><p>För att en tynande musikkårsverksamhet ska överleva krävs insatser från både musikkåren själv, musikskolan och kommunen. Alla parter måste samverka och vara beredda att satsa för att trygga verksamhetens framtid.</p>

The local wind band in Lilla Edet, Lilla Edets Musikförening, springs from work and activities in the late 19:th century. Since then, the band has developed from a brass sextet to mixed wind band. It has been an appreciated contribution to the society on festive occasions. Yet, it seems like the band more and more has lost it´s useful purpose. Also, the recruiting of new members has ceased, as the music school has trouble with attracting pupils to learn to play wind instruments. The reasons for this reduced interest are more then one. One aspect can be lack of atten-tion to the genre in music education, both in the music school and in the regular school. It may also be due to the media not showing enough of the wind music. That this genre, in many purposes, has been replaced by today´s popular music also makes the average Swede unaware of it´s qualities. There are, however, places where the wind music tradition is stronger. This can, for example, come from special wind instrument education at an early age. It can also be due to the local band playing a prominent part in the society. To help a languishing band activity, the band itself must cooperate with the music school and the society. All parts must do what they can to make sure the business stays alive. / Lilla Edets Musikförening har sitt ursprung ur föreningslivet i slutet av 1800-talet. Musik-kåren har sedan dess utvecklats från mässingssextett till blandad blåsorkester. Den har uppskattats och haft sin givna plats vid högtider i, och i många fall utanför, kommunen. Dock har musikföreningens funktion i samhället med åren successivt blivit mindre befintlig. Därtill har rekryteringen av nya medlemmar avstannat, i takt med att musikskolan lockar färre och färre elever till att spela blåsinstrument. Anledningarna till detta minskande blåsmusikintresse kan dels vara brist på uppmärksamhet på genren i musikundervisningen, både i musikskolan och i den vanliga skolan, dels kan det vara att blåsmusiken syns för lite i media. Att blåsmusiken, som underhållnings- och funktionsmusik, ersatts av dagens populärmusik, gör också att kunskapen om blåsmusiken är liten hos medelsvensken. Dock finns platser där blåsmusiktraditionen är starkare. Detta kan t.ex. komma sig av att man satsar på särskild blåsundervisning i tidig ålder, eller att musikkårsverksamheten har en väldigt framträdande och självklar roll i samhället. För att en tynande musikkårsverksamhet ska överleva krävs insatser från både musikkåren själv, musikskolan och kommunen. Alla parter måste samverka och vara beredda att satsa för att trygga verksamhetens framtid.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 3367733 bytes, checksum: 6bf04a4853c4b58bb74f3893826aba70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Playing an instrument is turning on muscular, affective and mental mechanisms that are closely related. Therefore, in a performance preparation, it is expected from the instrumentalist not just the understanding of the musical speech, but the assimilation and perfection of the motor patterns that will be part of the needed corporal action for the technical accomplishment of this speech as well. In this process, one of the goals of the instrumentalist is to become aware of tension points in their body that can potentially prevent a more free technical execution, looking for ways to minimize or eliminate them. According to the Bioenergetics Analysis, a psychotherapy approach created by Alexander Lowe in 1956, the muscle tensions are the result of emotional blocks, being created most of the times since childhood and developed throughout life. These tensions work as armours , which protect the individuals from experiences that could be painful and threatening, turning into an obstacle to the human being capacity to relate to their sensations and emotions and, consequently, of feeling free, whole and in contact with the world around them. Going beyond the investigation about human psyche that, before the middle of last century, focused mainly on mind exploration, the Bioenergetics takes the patients, through exercises, to reunite with their body, acquiring a sense of well-being and inner peace. Based on this knowledge and understanding that the violin student starts his instrument learning having already some muscle tensions due to emotional matters and that these tensions could hinder their musical expressivity on the same way they can interrupt his spontaneity in life, this work presents, analyses and discusses the contributions of Bioenergetics exercises to the development of the technical-expressive capacity of violin students, based on the application of exercises of this field to violinists during their formation process and performance. In order to do so, initially, questionnaires were applied and interviews with the participants of this research were conducted, collecting information about their physical condition and, more specifically, about their muscle tensions. Having this information, Biogenetics exercises, both in their original format or specifically adapted to violin learners, were applied to these participants throughout several meetings. The results of these exercises have been verified through participant observation and constant reports from the participants containing their own perceptions and sensations throughout this work. An interview was conducted two months after the research, according to which it was possible to conclude that most of the participants became more aware of their own body, emotions and sensations, both on their daily life and in the act of performance. Having also been effective in raising awareness and reducing several of the muscle tensions in the participants, the Bioenergetics exercises gave these individuals a looser body that is connected to the instrument, besides a deeper body-mind integration in the act of performance. And that has naturally facilitated their technical and expressive capacity. / Tocar um instrumento é acionar mecanismos musculares, afetivos e mentais, estando eles intimamente relacionados. Na preparação de uma performance, portanto, espera-se do instrumentista não apenas o entendimento do significado do discurso musical, mas também a assimilação e aperfeiçoamento de padrões motores que irão se constituir na ação corporal necessária para a realização técnica deste discurso. Nesse processo, uma das metas do instrumentista é se conscientizar dos pontos de tensão em seu corpo que potencialmente lhe impedem uma execução técnica mais livre, buscando então meios para minimizá-los ou mesmo eliminá-los. Segundo a Análise Bioenergética, abordagem psicoterápica criada por Alexander Lowen em 1956, as tensões musculares são decorrentes de bloqueios emocionais, sendo criadas na maioria das vezes desde a própria infância e desenvolvidas ao longo da vida. Essas tensões funcionam como couraças , que servem para proteger o indivíduo de experiências que possam vir a ser dolorosas e ameaçadoras, tornando-se um obstáculo à capacidade do ser humano de se entregar às sensações e emoções e conseqüentemente de se sentir livre, inteiro e em contato com o mundo à sua volta. Ultrapassando as investigações sobre a psique humana que, antes de meados do século passado, concentravam-se principalmente nas explorações da mente, a Bioenergética leva o paciente, através de exercícios, a reencontrar-se com seu corpo, adquirindo então, uma sensação de bem-estar e paz interior. Baseado nesse conhecimento e entendendo que o aluno de violino inicia o aprendizado de seu instrumento tendo já presentes algumas tensões musculares advindas de questões emocionais e que tais tensões poderiam dificultar sua expressividade na música da mesma forma que impedem sua espontaneidade na vida, este trabalho apresenta, analisa e discute contribuições da Bioenergética para o desenvolvimento da capacidade técnico-expressiva dos estudantes de violino, tendo como base a aplicação de exercícios desse campo no processo de formação e performance do violinista. Para isso, foram, inicialmente, aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas com os participantes da pesquisa, coletando informações principalmente sobre seu estado físico, mais especificamente no que se referia às suas tensões musculares. De posse destas informações, foram aplicados nesses participantes, durante vários encontros, exercícios da Bioenergética, tanto em seu formato original, como adaptados às especificidades do aprendizado violinístico. Os resultados desses exercícios foram sendo verificados através de observação participante e de constantes relatórios dos próprios participantes contendo suas percepções e sensações ao longo do trabalho. Uma entrevista final foi realizada após dois meses de pesquisa, onde foi possível concluir que a grande maioria dos participantes se encontrava mais consciente de seu corpo e de suas sensações e emoções, tanto em seu cotidiano, como no ato da performance. Tendo também sido eficazes na conscientização e diminuição de várias das tensões musculares dos participantes, os exercícios da Bioenergética possibilitaram a esses indivíduos um corpo mais solto e conectado ao instrumento, além de uma maior integração corpo-mente no ato da performance. E isso, naturalmente, facilitou sua capacidade tanto técnica quanto expressiva.

The aim of the study was to find out how working conditions in different music schools and schools of arts are, or has been, for teachers on oboe and bassoon, and how the conditions may affect the regrowth of these instruments. The interviews were performed with teachers on bassoon and oboe; two active teachers and one former teacher. Experience shows that it can be difficult to recruit these instruments to orchestra courses for young people. An assumption was made in the study that the conditions for these instruments in the schools of music and arts are not the best, which was indicative of the survey. The results of the study show that the interviewed teachers on these instruments struggle with a whole series of problems such as poor facilities, too short teaching time, few students that require many hourly based employments and many time consuming journeys. It also shows that adaption has occurred to different conditions on different schools where also the recruiting of students works differently. The problem can be traced to scarce financial resources, absence of a national structure for music development or principals with indifference, ignorance or lack of mandate from the politics to take responsibility for a good qualitative development that leads to diversity and a vibrant music scene. / Syftet med studien har varit att ta reda på hur arbetsförhållanden på olika musik- och kulturskolor, där några pedagoger verkar eller ha verkat, påverkar återväxten för instrumenten oboe och fagott. Intervjuer har genomförts med två aktiva pedagoger och en före detta pedagog. Erfarenheter visar att det kan vara svårt att rektytera dessa instrument till orkesterkurser för unga. Ett antagande gjordes i studien att förutsättningarna på musik- och kulturskolorna för dessa instrument inte är det bästa vilket var vägledande för undersökningen. Resultatet av studien visar att intervjuade pedagoger på dessa instrument brottas med en hel rad problem såsom dåliga lokaler, för kort undervisningstid, få elever som kräver många olika timanställningar och många tidskrävande resor. Den visar också att anpassning har skett till olika förhållanden på olika skolor där även rekryteringen ser olika ut. Problematiken kan härledas till för knappa ekonomiska resurser, avsaknaden av en nationell struktur för musikens utveckling, eller chefers ointresse, okunskap eller avsaknad av uppdrag från politiskt håll att ta ansvar för en god kvalitativ utveckling som leder till mångfald och ett levande musikliv.