Les circuits neuronaux des noyaux de la base sont impliqués dans la planification et la sélection des mouvements, dans des processus motivationnels et de renforcement, mais aussi dans des fonctions plus cognitives telles que les processus d’apprentissages instrumentaux. Le dysfonctionnement de ces noyaux entraîne des troubles moteurs graves, telles les maladies de Parkinson et Huntington, et des pathologies plus psychiatriques, comme les phénomènes de dépendances aux drogues, le syndrome Gilles de la Tourette ou encore les troubles déficitaires de l’attention avec hyperactivité. Le striatum, structure d’entrée du système des noyaux de la base, est composé en large majorité de neurones de projections GABAergiques épineux de taille moyenne (medium spiny neuron, MSN), qui sont subdivisés en deux populations: les neurones striatonigraux et les neurones striatopallidaux. Ces neurones forment des voies fonctionnelles parallèles et distinctes :celles ci prennent naissance au niveau du striatum après réception de l’information émanant du cortex, puis traversent les autres ganglions de la base (Globus Pallidus, Noyau sous-thalamique, Substance noire), qui ensuite aboutissent sur le thalamus qui retourne l’information traitée aux différentes aires corticales concernées. Ces neurones de projections sont morphologiquement identiques et distribués de manière homogène dans l’ensemble du striatum, rendant difficile leur étude spécifique sans outils génétiques.Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié les rôles respectifs de ces deux populations neuronales dans l’apprentissage instrumental séquentiel par une approche optogénétique. Cette technique permet de contrôler optiquement, à une échelle de temps physiologique et de façon réversible, l’activité d’une population de neurones génétiquement ciblée pendant un comportement. Dans un premier temps, nous avons développé des modèles de souris dans lesquelles chacune de ces deux populations est spécifiquement ciblée au moyen du système Cre/LoxP et à l’aide d’injection stéréotaxique de vecteurs viraux permettant l’expression de canaux photosensibles, comme la Channelrhodopsine-2 (ChR2). Une validation de la fonctionnalité de cette protéine dans ces modèles a d’abord été établie ex vivo par des moyens électrophysiologiques (enregistrement de l’activité des neurones sur tranche de cerveau en survie), puis in vivo, par induction d’un comportement rotatoire caractéristique de l’activation unilatérale de ces populations neuronales.Dans un second temps, ces souris ont été étudiées dans un paradigme comportemental lié au striatum dorsal :l’apprentissage instrumental séquentiel. En effet, l’exécution d’une séquence d’actions dans un ordre bien déterminé est fondamentale pour adopter un comportement adapté. Au cours de l’acquisition d’une nouvelle séquence, chacune de ces deux populations de neurones est activée par optogénétique afin de déterminer leur effet dans cet apprentissage. Nous nous sommes particulièrement intéressés à ces neurones dans le striatum dorsolatéral (DLS), car cette région joue un rôle fondamental dans la formation d’une habitude, et plus particulièrement lors d’un apprentissage séquentiel. Ce travail a pu mettre en évidence l’importante implication respective de ces neurones du DLS lors de l’acquisition d’une séquence puisque nous avons montré que l’activation des neurones striatonigraux facilitait l’apprentissage d’une nouvelle séquence, alors que l’activation des neurones striatopallidaux perturbe cet apprentissage. De plus, nos résultats indiquent que la stimulation optogénétique des neurones striatopallidaux entraîne un déficit à différencier et à associer des actions pour former une unité performante, tandis que l’activation des neurones striatonigraux semble fondamentale pour initier et terminer correctement une séquence. Ces résultats contribuent ainsi à la compréhension du rôle des deux voies principales du striatum dorsolatéral lors d’un apprentissage instrumental séquentiel. / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Master of Music / School of Music, Theatre, and Dance / Frederick Burrack / Finding a systematic process for teaching rhythms in the instrumental setting has presented its own set of challenges. Numerous factors such as time constraints, engagement, motivation, and various degrees of proficiency amongst the students can all play a part in the overall success of the group. This video presentation includes a teaching demonstration utilizing techniques acquired from MU680-A (Advanced Rehearsal Techniques). Using rhythm readiness sheets modeled by Dr. Jay Gilbert and specific rehearsal techniques taught by Dr. Frank Tracz, this presentation exhibits a process for teaching rhythms that increases retention of rhythmic patterns in a way that enables all students to engage in the learning process simultaneously. The lesson plan is explained in detail and the routine was repeated daily and eventually implemented into the twelve-minute warmup portion of the rehearsal. After three weeks the students were recorded and asked to reflect on their progression. A noticeable change was observed after the lesson was completed and applied to the piece. In addition, the method also revealed several hidden learning outcomes, such as facilitating independence as musicians, utilizing listening skills to distinguish how various patterns fit within an established pulse, and increasing student motivation by creating positive rehearsals with attainable goals. The result was a performance showcasing the growth of the ensemble’s overall musicianship. The rhythm readiness sheet and concept that was utilized in the teaching demonstration is credited to Dr. Jay Gilbert. The rhythm readiness sheet is not copyrighted or published, however expressed written consent was granted by Dr. Gilbert and can be found in the Appendix.

An instrument is described which is capable of measuring the action spectrum of the removal of CO inhibition of respiration by light. In the method employed here, a cell suspension in a CO-O₂ atmosphere is alternately exposed to two wavelengths of light. Their photochemical effects are balanced using an 0₂ electrode as the null detector. The light intensities at the balance points from a series of wavelength pairs are used to determine the ratios of the extinction coefficients of the CO - oxidase complex, at the various wavelengths, to the extinction coefficient at a standard wavelength. An action spectrum for Bakers yeast is shown. / Science, Faculty of / Physics and Astronomy, Department of / Graduate

The aim of this study is to examine the correspondences of style, technique and aesthetic in poetry and music as it pertains to the musical thought and works of composers centered in Berlin 1740-1760. With the trend toward rational enquiry, the re-affirmation of the Aristotelian theory of imitation, and a return to the ideal of a union of the arts, 18th-century theorists and composers were once again preoccupied with the consanguinity of the "sister" arts of poetry and music. In particular, analogies were made between their materials of expression and the methods by which they achieved their ultimate goal of the imitation of human passions. The "problem" of textless music--i.e., its lack of semantic content--became a primary issue for aesthetic discussion and led to a re-evaluation of music's intrinsic qualities as a medium of expression. Berlin composers working in mid-century were especially susceptible to such aesthetic developments. Led by writer/critics Lessing, Nicolai, and Mendelssohn, a unique literary renaissance characterizing the city was generating wide-spread critical debate on matters concerning the significance and meaning of art. Two major points of discussion among the literati were 1) that since classical times the arts of poetry and music had strayed too far apart, and 2) that music especially needed the support and cognitive power of a poetic text to remain a viable artistic medium. The consequences of these ideas on Berlin composers is immediately apparent in the development of the lied. In this new musical genre which achieved great popularity in Berlin, expression through text and music were considered synonymous as composers worked to close the gap between the two in their technique and methodry. However, the impact of these aesthetic beliefs is not as easily discernible in the instrumental music of mid-eighteenth century Berlin. While it was undisputed that musical tones in themselves contained some indeterminate expressive force, the rationalists' demand for concrete meaning in art led composers to develop and assess their music in terms of poetic criteria. An analysis of their works will illustrate that poetic structure, technique, and materials of expression assumed a primary role in the creation of their art. This study hopes to clarify the relationship between poetry and music through an examination of mid-eighteenth century Berlin's lied aesthetic, and selected instrumental works by J.J. Quantz and C.P.E. Bach composed in Berlin during this period. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Graduate

The purpose of this study is to determine the general style characteristics of the works for solo trumpet by Alan Hovhaness, viz., Khrimian Hairig, Overture to Avak, Prayer of Saint Gregory, and Haroutiun. The musical elements of form, melody, harmony, tonality, rhythm, texture, and counterpoint are examined objectively in order to determine the essential features of the music. Further consideration is given to the idiomatic use of the solo trumpet in these compositions. Each composition is examined separately, the conclusions and generalizations of the style features being reserved for the final chapter.

Experiments were designed for an undergraduate instrumental analysis laboratory course, two in X-ray diffraction and two in electrochemistry. Those techniques were chosen due their underrepresentation in the Journal of Chemical Education. Paint samples (experiment 1) and pennies (experiment 2) were characterized using x-ray diffraction to teach students how to identify different metals and compounds in a sample. in the third experiment, copper from a penny was used to perform stripping analyses at different deposition times. As the deposition time increases, the current of the stripping peak also increases. the area under the stripping peak gives the number of coulombs passed, which allows students to calculate the mass of copper deposited on the electrode surface. the fourth experiment was on the effects of variable scan rates on a chemical system. This type of experiment gives valuable mechanistic information about the chemical system being studied.

Aggression has traditionally been subdivided into two correlated, but distinct, subtypes: reactive and instrumental. Reactive aggression (RA) is considered impulsive, emotionally driven behavior, whereas instrumental aggression (IA) is planned and incentive-motivated. This thesis examines the relationships between RA, IA, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder (APD) symptoms in male and female offenders recruited from a jail in north Texas. Contrary to predictions, psychopathic traits did not account for more variance in aggression than did APD symptoms. Impulsivity demonstrated slight incremental validity over psychopathy for RA, and to a lesser degree, IA. the continued utility of the reactive-instrumental distinction and implications for professional practice in relation to the current study are examined. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

The modern music educator is constantly working to improve his methods of teaching in the public schools. Whatever his principal interest may be or wherever his principal ability may lie he desires to remain cognizant of the activities of those who are working alongside him in the system of public education. This same teacher is as much interested in the choral program if he is an instrumentalist as would the choral teacher be in the band or orchestra program of the school in which he is teaching. / Typescript. / "August, 1955." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Education." / Advisor: Robert L. Briggs, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-29).

Thesis advisor: Paul Cichello / Migration is becoming increasingly common in the developing world. A growing body of literature seeks to address the effects of migration on the families of migrants; namely, the effects of migration on the children of migrants. This study uses the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) panel dataset to quantify the long-term impacts of experiencing parental migration as a child (aged 5 to 18) on the income of working Indonesian adults. To address the issue of endogenous migration, the out migration rate of an individual’s birth Kabupaten (Regency) is used as an instrumental variable. The results of this study indicate that the proposed instrumental variable strongly predicts an individual’s parental migration status. However, the wide standard errors on the coefficients of interests prohibit any conclusive remarks to be made on the effects of parental migration on future income. This study illustrates how extensive panel datasets, such as the IFLS, can facilitate analyses on the long-term effects of parental migration. The author recommends further research on the topic of parental migration be performed on other outcome variables such as education, measures of health, and subjective wellbeing. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Economics.

Syftet med mitt examensarbete är att ge ett bidrag till analysen av ungdomars grundläggande värderingar, genom att undersöka hur elever rangordnar och diskuterar tio instrumentella värden. Undersökningen är utförd med flermetodsforskning, där både en kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod använts, enkät och fokusgrupp. En pilotstudie används för att säkerställa god validitet och reliabilitet. Undersökningen gjordes på 20 ungdomar, tio pojkar och tio flickor, fördelade i tre åttondeklasser i samma skola. Resultatet i undersökningen visar att ungdomar mellan 14 till 15 år anser att familjen, tillsammans med frihet och rättvisa är viktigast av de tio värdena jag undersökt och att det skett vissa förändringar i jämförelse vilka värden som är viktiga idag hos ungdomar jämfört med från SOM undersökningsserie (1986-2000)