Background: The Missed Opportunities for Maternal and Infant Health (MOMI) project, which aimed at upgrading maternal and infant postpartum care (PPC), implemented a package of interventions including the integration of maternal PPC in infant immunization services in 12 health facilities in Kaya Health district in Burkina Faso from 2013 to 2015. This paper assesses the coverage and the quality of combined mother-infant PPC in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health services (RMNCH). Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study with cross-sectional surveys before and after the intervention in the Kaya health and demographic surveillance system. On the quantitative side, two household surveys were performed in 2012 ( N = 757) and in 2014 ( N = 754) among mothers within one year postpartum. The analysis examines the result of the intervention by the date of delivery at three key time points in the PPC schedule: the first 48 h, days 6 - 10 and during weeks 6 - 8 and beyond. On the qualitative side, in depth interviews, focus group discussions and observations were conducted in four health facilities in 2012 and 2015. They involved mothers in the postpartum period, facility and community health workers, and other stakeholders. We performed a descriptive analysis and a two-sample test of proportions of the quantitative data. The qualitative data were recorded, transcribed and analysed along the themes relevant for the intervention. Results: The findings show that the WHO guidelines, in terms of content and improvement of maternal PPC, were followed for physical examinations and consultations. They also show a significant increase in the coverage of maternal PPC services from 50% (372/752) before the intervention to 81% (544/672) one year after the start of the intervention. However, more women were assessed at days 6 - 10 than at later visits. Integration of maternal PPC was low, with little improvements in history taking and physical examination of mothers in immunization services. While health workers are polyvalent, difficulties in restructuring and organizing services hindered the integration. Conclusion: Unless a comprehensive strategy of integration within RMNCH services is implemented to address the primary health care challenges within the health system, integration will not yield the desired results.

Changes to the technological landscape of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK have often raised debates on information privacy and patient confidentiality. This has been especially pertinent in the context of HIV health services, where patient records have been historically segregated from hospital notes to protect confidentiality and account for the nature of the condition as a stigmatised terminal illness. However, as current anti-retroviral treatment extends life expectancy, HIV is increasingly managed in ways similar to other chronic conditions and integrated patient management has been proposed as best practice. This shift offers a unique opportunity to study reconfigurations of privacy and confidentiality practices from the perspective of data users. This thesis focuses on a technological integration project between the stand-alone systems used in two HIV specialist outpatient centres and the centralised Electronic Patient Records (EPR) of their respective NHS Hospital Trusts. The case study methodology draws on 46 semi-structured interviews with health and IT professionals, supplemented by an analysis of organisational documents and observation of work practices over a period of six months in the two clinics. In weaving together different theoretical concepts, this thesis contributes to an in-depth, empirically informed understanding of privacy and confidentiality practices in healthcare. Firstly, by looking at how HIV practitioners cultivate their professional identities at the intersection of general medical and HIV-specific confidentiality, this thesis argues that identity work is an important component in the reconfiguration of privacy practices. Secondly, this research draws attention to the role of political negotiations for privacy change, as HIV professionals and EPR developers came in conflict over the ethics of the technological integration project in the hospitals studied here. Thirdly, this thesis illustrates how confidentiality practices are shaped within the co-construction of information infrastructures and medical work, especially in relation to HIV normalisation. A number of implications for practice and policy also emerge from this study.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2015 / The study investigated the management of the social reintegration programme in the Department of Correctional Services in Mbombela Municipality, Mpumalanga Province. The role played by the stake holders in the programme and the department in rehabilitating and reintegrating the offenders. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme; social acceptance and the application of skills obtained in the correctional facility as a deterrent to committing a further crime. Section 50 of the Correctional Services Act, 1998 (Act No. 111 of 1998); provide the following mandates; the objectives of the study is amongst others to afford sentenced offenders an opportunity to serve their sentences in a non- custodial manner, to enable persons subject to the programme to lead a specially responsible and crime free life during the period of their sentence and in future, to enable offenders to be rehabilitated in a manner that best keeps them as integral part of society and to enable them to be fully reintegrated into society when they have completed their sentences. The investigation is both qualitative and quantitative whereby; it would be descriptive; analytical, interpretive and evaluative. The findings of this study have shown that the majority of offenders do not lead a crime free life after imprisonment. However, Correctional programmes rendered are designed to equip offenders with skills to lead a responsible life on reintegration and also the level at which other stake-holders are involving themselves in the reintegration of offenders in order to reduce reoffending. The recommendations suggest the following as research findings: • Offenders should be equipped with skills that can make them employable and self-sufficient in the outside world. • Offenders should also be monitored even after hours; there must be no specific time of monitoring. • More resources should be channelled to the programme. • Correctional Services should employ the aid of external service providers in order to equip offenders with skills in the community and reduces the chances of reoffending. • External stake-holders should continue rendering programmes to ex-offenders who exited the system.

In dieser Arbeit wird die Konzeption und Umsetzung einer digitalen Echtzeit-Lagedarstellung für Mittel der nichtpolizeilichen Gefahrenabwehr im Umfeld der Integrierten Regionalleitstelle Leipzig beschrieben. Das Ziel besteht darin, eine automatische, selbstfüllende Lösung zur Datenintegration und -darstellung zu konzipieren, die eine umfassende und bedarfsgerechte Informationsversorgung ohne direkte Zuarbeiten des Leitstellenpersonals ermöglicht. Die in der Leitstelle vorhandenen Daten sollen genutzt werden, um unter anderem die Auslastung und Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen sowie Einsatzschwerpunkte zu visualisieren und diese Informationen den Nutzergruppen bedarfsgerecht zur Verfügung zu stellen, um basierend darauf taktische Entscheidungen treffen zu können. Um den Bedarf und die Anforderungen zu ermitteln, wurde eine qualitative und quantitative Umfrage durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse haben den grundlegenden Bedarf mit verschiedenen Bedürfnissen und Prioritäten der unterschiedlichen Nutzergruppen bestätigt. In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene Lösungsansätze verglichen und die Entwicklung eines Prototypen für eine Echtzeit-Lagedarstellung vorgestellt. Die Anwendbarkeit und Grenzen des entwickelten Prototypen wurden durch praktische Untersuchungen mit direktem Feedback und einer Überprüfung der Korrektheit der Daten bewertet. Die Evaluation ergab, dass der Prototyp bereits in seiner derzeitigen Form ein sehr genaues Lagebild liefert und die Erwartungen der Nutzer erfüllt.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Übersicht 1.1 Zielstellung 1.2 Methodisches Vorgehen 2 Betrachtung der Ausgangssituation 2.1 Die Integrierte Regionalleitstelle Leipzig 2.2 Technischer Aufbau der IRLS 2.3 Lagedarstellung 2.3.1 Lagedarstellung im Kontext der nichtpolizeilichen Gefahrenabwehr 2.3.2 Lagedarstellung im Kontext der Leitstelle 2.3.3 Einordnung der Lagedarstellung in einen allgemeinen Kontext 3 Anforderungen 3.1 Ermittlung des optimalen Informationsbedarfs 3.2 Durchführung einer Umfrage 3.2.1 Im Bereich Feuerwehr 3.2.2 Im Bereich Rettungsdienst 3.2.3 Im Bereich Katastrophenschutz 3.2.4 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 3.3 Vergleich von Lösungsansätzen 3.3.1 Anruf in der Leitstelle 3.3.2 Bereitstellung des Einsatzleitsystems für Anwender 3.3.3 Gang in die Leitstelle 3.3.4 LvS Display 3.3.5 MobiKat 4 Entwicklung eines Prototypen zur Echtzeit-Lagedarstellung 4.1 Lösungsansatz 4.2 Implementierung 4.2.1 Werkzeuge 4.2.2 Daten und Datenquellen 4.2.3 Herangehensweise 4.3 Datenschutzkriterien 4.4 Plausibilität 5 Untersuchung des Prototypen im Leitstellenumfeld und der Gefahrenabwehr 5.1 Im Einsatzfeld der Stabsarbeit 5.2 Ressourcenbetrachtung 5.2.1 HLF 5.2.2 RTW 5.3 Schlussfolgerung 5.4 Grenzfälle 5.5 Kritik des Modells 6 Fazit und Ausblick Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Quellcodeverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Anhang / This paper describes the design and implementation of a digital real-time management display for resources of emergency services in the vicinity of the Leipzig Regional Dispatch Center. The objective is to create an automated and self-populating system for data integration and display, facilitating the extensive and tailored supply of information without the need for direct human involvement within the control center. The data available in the control center provides visualization of resource utilization and availability, operational priorities, and other key information that can be made available to user groups on demand for tactical decision making. A qualitative and quantitative survey was conducted to identify needs and requirements. The results confirmed the demand with different demands and priorities of the various user groups. The paper compares different approaches and presents the development of a prototype for a real-time management display. Practical tests with direct feedback and a verification of accuracy were used to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the developed prototype. The evaluation demonstrated that the prototype currently offers a fairly accurate picture of the situation and meets the expectations of the users.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Übersicht 1.1 Zielstellung 1.2 Methodisches Vorgehen 2 Betrachtung der Ausgangssituation 2.1 Die Integrierte Regionalleitstelle Leipzig 2.2 Technischer Aufbau der IRLS 2.3 Lagedarstellung 2.3.1 Lagedarstellung im Kontext der nichtpolizeilichen Gefahrenabwehr 2.3.2 Lagedarstellung im Kontext der Leitstelle 2.3.3 Einordnung der Lagedarstellung in einen allgemeinen Kontext 3 Anforderungen 3.1 Ermittlung des optimalen Informationsbedarfs 3.2 Durchführung einer Umfrage 3.2.1 Im Bereich Feuerwehr 3.2.2 Im Bereich Rettungsdienst 3.2.3 Im Bereich Katastrophenschutz 3.2.4 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 3.3 Vergleich von Lösungsansätzen 3.3.1 Anruf in der Leitstelle 3.3.2 Bereitstellung des Einsatzleitsystems für Anwender 3.3.3 Gang in die Leitstelle 3.3.4 LvS Display 3.3.5 MobiKat 4 Entwicklung eines Prototypen zur Echtzeit-Lagedarstellung 4.1 Lösungsansatz 4.2 Implementierung 4.2.1 Werkzeuge 4.2.2 Daten und Datenquellen 4.2.3 Herangehensweise 4.3 Datenschutzkriterien 4.4 Plausibilität 5 Untersuchung des Prototypen im Leitstellenumfeld und der Gefahrenabwehr 5.1 Im Einsatzfeld der Stabsarbeit 5.2 Ressourcenbetrachtung 5.2.1 HLF 5.2.2 RTW 5.3 Schlussfolgerung 5.4 Grenzfälle 5.5 Kritik des Modells 6 Fazit und Ausblick Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Quellcodeverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

A estratégia da regionalização da atenção à saúde aconteceu em consonância com as reformas promovidas pelos estados nacionais ocidentais, de cunho neoliberalista, a partir do final da década de 70, pautada tanto pela lógica do esgotamento do estado de bem-estar social quanto pela racionalização de recursos, na área social, incluindo a saúde. No Brasil, ambas iniciativas fazem parte da agenda política do setor saúde de modo concomitante a partir da primeira década do século XXI, propiciando um espaço promissor para explorar as relações entre as características regionais, a oferta de serviços de saúde e o componente relativo à atenção à saúde bucal. Objetivou-se caracterizar, a partir de um estudo de caso, a estrutura e o desempenho de efetividade e eficiência das assistências médica e odontológica em duas regiões de saúde distintas socioeconomicamente e na oferta de serviços, Norte-Barretos e Juazeiro, a fim de elaborar proposições que possam orientam futuros estudos. Os resultados apontaram que os aspectos estruturais e de desempenho da assistência médica e odontológica não assumiram um padrão diretamente favorável à região com melhores indicadores socioeconômicos e de oferta de serviços de saúde. Enquanto a região Norte-Barretos se sobressaiu em relação aos indicadores de estrutura (exceto para cobertura potencial da ESB na ESF) e efetividade, a região Juazeiro se destacou em relação à eficiência, ou seja, embora com menos recursos, a utilização dos serviços foi relativamente mais expressiva. Os aspectos qualitativos apontaram que a regionalização aconteceu em ambos os locais, e foi reconhecida de forma positiva (dimensão política); a distribuição dos serviços não atende à demanda populacional (dimensão organizacional); a capacidade instalada das RAS não estava adequada às necessidades de saúde da população (dimensão estrutural). Os achados permitiram um diálogo entre a realidade atual da regionalização, bem como os seus impasses, e entre o desempenho da assistência odontológica e as forças específicas que buscam romper com o isolamento entre as práticas de saúde (efeito silos). / The strategy of the regionalization of health care happened along with the changes promoted by neo-liberalist west national states, since the end of the 70s, thought by the logic of the well fare exhaustion as much as the rationalization of the resources on the social field, including health. In Brazil, both actions are part of the political agenda on health section since the first decade of the 21th century, providing a promissing space to explore the relations between regional characters, the health service offers and the element of the oral health care. This research aims to organize the structure and performance of efficacy and efficiency, the medical and dental care in two socioeconomic different health regions and the provision of services, Norte-Barretos and Juazeiro, for the clarification and explanatory hypotheses that may guide future studies. The case study was a methodology adopted. The results pointed out that the structural and performance aspects of medical and dental care were not considered compatible with both socioeconomic aand health indicators. While the North-Barretos region excelled in relation to the structure indicators (except for potential ESB coverage in the ESF) and effectiveness, the Juazeiro region stood out in relation to efficiency, that is, although with less resources, the use of the services was relatively more expressive. The qualitative aspects pointed out that regionalization occurred in both places and was positively recognized (political dimension); the distribution of services doesn\'t meet the population demand (organizational dimension); the installed capacity of RAS was not appropriate to the health needs of the population (structural dimension). The objectives allow a dialogue between the current performance of regionalization, as well as its impasses, and between the performance of dental care and the specific forces they seek, to break with the separation of health practices (silos effect).

Support of independent housing is a field service of social care. Support of independent housing is provided to people with a health handicap or a chronic disease including a mental disease. The diploma thesis is focused on provision of this service to mentally handicapped people. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis summarizes the most important topics relating to mentally handicapped people. The theoretical part also describes the social service consisting in support of independent housing, and other additional and consequential integration tools. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the current state of providing the service consisting in support of independent housing to mentally handicapped people in the Czech Republic in respect of the conditions set by the service providers for the service provision, the methods of the service provision and the structure of the service users. The research was conducted quantitatively, using an interrogation method (a questionnaire technique) and a method of the current state analysis, in particular through the register of social services providers.

Diploma thesis "The influence of the activities of non-profit sector on the quality of life of people with mental retardation" is concerned with the analysis of the area of social services for people with mental retardation. The thesis aims at characterising the current position of the non-profit sector in meeting the needs of people with mental retardation, identifying problem areas and proposing recommendations, which could support the activities of the non-profit sector in this area. Methods such as institutional framework analysis, stakeholder analysis, interview with experts and stakeholders and questionnaire survey in NGOs are used. The issue of mental retardation is based on the theory of needs, the quality of life concept and the concept of human rights. The role of the non-profit sector is analysed in a broader institutional and social context. The availability of social services provided by NGOs for people with mental retardation in the Czech Republic is investigated and the main spheres of activities of NGOs according to the services provided are indentified. The description of examples of good practice follows. In the next part the relations between non-profit sector and state are analysed. Recommendations leading to improving the system of social services for people with mental retardation are...

South Africa is called "the rainbow nation" because it has so many different cultures. These have an impact on the provision of primary health care. The purpose of this research is to foster good relationships between community health nurses and traditional healers and to explore, identify and describe the attitude of community health nurses towards the integration of traditional healers into primary health care. A non-experimental, explorative and descriptive research strategy was designed to explore the working relationship between community health nurses and traditional healers. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Quantitative as well as qualitative data analysis techniques were adopted to interpret the findings. The results indicated that respondents demonstrated positive attitudes towards working with traditional healers, especially in the provision of primary health care. Positive opinions, ideas and views were provided about the integration of traditional healers into primary health care. Respect, recognition and sensitivity were emphasized by respondents. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

South Africa is called "the rainbow nation" because it has so many different cultures. These have an impact on the provision of primary health care. The purpose of this research is to foster good relationships between community health nurses and traditional healers and to explore, identify and describe the attitude of community health nurses towards the integration of traditional healers into primary health care. A non-experimental, explorative and descriptive research strategy was designed to explore the working relationship between community health nurses and traditional healers. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Quantitative as well as qualitative data analysis techniques were adopted to interpret the findings. The results indicated that respondents demonstrated positive attitudes towards working with traditional healers, especially in the provision of primary health care. Positive opinions, ideas and views were provided about the integration of traditional healers into primary health care. Respect, recognition and sensitivity were emphasized by respondents. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

A quantitative approach was used to investigate the stigmatization of HIV positive clients in the Leribe District of Lesotho. The study population included 5200 HIV positive patients who enrolled for ARV in government clinics. A randomly selected sample of 520 clients responded through a questionnaire and interviews. The statistical package (STATA version 9) was used to analyze data. The objectives of the study were to explore the type and level of stigmatization of HIV-positive clients and to describe ways in which health workers in the PHC can reduce the stigmatization of HIV-positive clients at the clinics. The findings revealed that types of stigmatization included separation, isolation, labeling and discrimination. Ways to reduce the stigma within a community based primary health care facility included educating people living with HIV on how to protect themselves from multiple infection, providing effective counselling to clients and families maintaining confidentiality, and using change strategies to change attitudes of health care providers. The integration of HIV-related activities is a strong recommendation and the importance of the consistent availability of ARV treatment was emphasized. / Public Health / M.A. (Public Health)