Innovation and new technologies are daily changing the characteristics of facilities as building owners are requiring more automated services, increased security is becoming more prevalent, and budget constraints are affecting facility operations. Therefore, additional avenues should be evaluated to reduce long-term costs by improving facility maintainability. The conclusions of these quarries should be incorporated into the design and preplanning phases as early as possible, as this is when the most impact can be made at the least expense. As it relates to this effort, preplanning refers to the project concept development and includes some initial aspects of the design. Preplanning for maintainability is one aspect that has historically not received much industry attention. This study considered the preplanning process as it pertains to maintainability, particularly for intelligent buildings, as this is the current trend in which building construction is heading. It limitedly considered the historic aspects of construction and automation, assessed the current situation and considered the projected future needs. Based on the expectations as to where future building intelligence will lead, it was ascertained that better preplanning should be incorporated into the construction process, especially as it pertains to maintainability.

published_or_final_version / Real Estate and Construction / Master / Master of Science in Construction Project Management

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 63 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2004. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 65 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

La notion de confort dans les habitats est une problématique majeure pour résoudre des problèmes écologiques (consommation et émissions des bâtiments), économiques (réduction de coûts d'exploitation) et sociaux (maintien et assistance à domicile) qui définissent le développement durable. Cependant, cette notion de confort est complexe, par le nombre de paramètres qu'elle intègre, paramètres à la fois humains (perception) et physiques (mesure). Notre étude vise à modéliser cette notion de confort dans un contexte d'habitat intelligent. L'habitat intelligent émerge depuis le début des années 2000, et se positionne en héritier de la domotique, bénéficiant des progrès technologiques illustrés par l'informatique ubiquitaire et l'intelligence artificielle, concepts formants l'intelligence ambiante. La première partie de notre étude consiste à définir l'habitat intelligent, en formalisant les acquis (domotique) et les problématiques de recherche, sous l'angle de la représentation de connaissances par les modèles. Notre approche du bâtiment intelligent nous à permis de définir un cadre d'interopérabilité : un intergiciel capable de concentrer les paramètres et commandes d'un environnement. Cette interopérabilité est nécessaire de par l'hétérogénéité des objets communicants qui composent un habitat : hétérogénéité des applications, des protocoles de communication, de savoir-faire et d'usages. Les travaux réalisés dans cette première partie de l'étude nous ont permis d'instrumenter une plate-forme d'expérimentation : la plateforme Domus. Ainsi, en reconstituant un appartement, et en le dotant d'objets communicants, nous avons pu mettre en œuvre, par le biais de l'interopérabilité, un environnement intelligent, environnement qui se caractérise par une forte densité d'information et une capacité de réaction. La réalisation de cette plate-forme est nécessaire pour aborder des thématiques diverses liées à l'habitat, comme le confort. En effet, l'intelligence ambiante apporte une nouvelle dimension dans ce cadre de recherche : l'ubiquité. La densité croissante de capteurs nous permet de collecter plus d'informations, non seulement sur l'environnement mais également sur l'utilisateur et son comportement, définissant ainsi une nouvelle approche du confort : le confort adaptatif. Les travaux sur l'étude du confort dans les bâtiments se focalisent sur le confort thermique. Dans nos travaux, nous avons voulu nous intéresser au confort multi-sensoriel. Celui-ci permet d'une part de prendre en compte l'ensemble des paramètres qui agrémentent un environnement (l'air, le son, la vue) mais permet également de nous intéresser aux effets sensoriels croisés que peuvent induire ces modalités sur l'occupant. Par exemple, on soupçonne la température d'éclairage (éclairage rouge/chaud, éclairage bleu/froid) d'avoir une incidence sur la perception thermique. Des expérimentations ont en effet démontré l'approche pratique et l'approche théorique de ces effets multi-sensoriels. La mise en place de notre cadre d'interopérabilité, en première partie, dans la plateforme Domus et les résultats de nos évaluations expérimentales, en seconde partie, sur le confort réalisés dans cette même plateforme, nous permettent de participer à la définition d'un « confort-mètre », qui s'appuie à la fois sur les capteurs, les objets de l'habitat et la perception des habitants. / The notion of comfort in homes is a major problem to solve environmental problems (consumption and emissions of buildings), economic (reduction of operating costs) and social (maintenance and home care) that define sustainable development. However, this notion of comfort is complicated by the number of parameters that integrates both human (perception) and physical (measurement) parameters. Our study aims to model the concept of comfort in a smart home. Smart homes emerged in the early 2000s, and are positioned as heir to home automation, benefiting from technological advances illustrated by ubiquitous computing and artificial intelligence, ambient intelligence concepts formants. The first part of this study was to define habitat intelligent, formalizing the gains (home automation) and research issues, in terms of knowledge representation by the models. Our approach to intelligent building allowed us to define a framework for interoperability: a middleware able to focus and control the parameters of an environment. This interoperability is required by the heterogeneity of communicating objects that make up a habitat: heterogeneity of applications, communication protocols, know-how and practices. This first part of the study allowed us to instrument an experimental platform: the platform Domus. Thus, by restoring an apartment, and by providing it with smart objects, we could implement, through interoperability, an intelligent environment, environment characterized by high information density and capacity reaction. The realization of this platform is needed to address various topics related to housing, such as comfort. Indeed, ambient intelligence brings a new dimension in this research framework: ubiquity. The increasing density of sensors allows us to collect more information, not only the environment but also on the user and its behavior, thus defining a new approach to comfort: Adaptive comfort. Most of the work focusing on thermal comfort, we are interested in multi-sensory comfort. This allows one hand to take into account all the parameters that enhances an environment (air, sound, sight) but also allows our attention to cross-sensory effects that can induce these terms on the occupier. For example, it is suspected the temperature light (red light / heat, light blue / cold) to affect the perception of heat. Experiments have shown the practical approach and the theoretical approach of multi-sensory effects. The results of this study will be led to participate in the definition of "comfortmeter", a tool to sense comfort for both habitat and the inhabitant.

Orientador: Fernando Jose Von Zuben / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T03:50:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Castro_PabloAlbertoDalbemde_D.pdf: 3372739 bytes, checksum: 137d410adffc7c418667750c4e3326de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Sistemas imunológicos artificiais (SIAs) e modelos gráficos probabilísticos são duas importantes técnicas para a construção de sistemas inteligentes e tem sido amplamente exploradas por pesquisadores das mais diversas áreas, tanto no aspecto teórico quanto pratico. Entretanto, geralmente o potencial de cada técnica é explorado isoladamente, sem levar em consideração a possível cooperação entre elas. Como uma primeira contribuição deste trabalho, é proposta uma metodologia que explora as principais vantagens dos SIAs como ferramentas de otimização voltadas para aprendizado de redes bayesianas a partir de conjuntos de dados. Por outro lado, os SIAs já propostos para otimização em espaços discretos e contínuos correspondem a meta-heurísticas populacionais sem mecanismos para lidarem eficientemente com blocos construtivos, e também com poucos recursos para se beneficiarem do conhecimento já adquirido acerca do espaço de busca. A segunda contribuição desta tese é a proposição de quatro algoritmos que procuram superar estas limitações, em contextos mono-objetivo e multiobjetivo. São substituídos os operadores de clonagem e mutação por um modelo probabilístico representando a distribuição de probabilidades das melhores soluções. Em seguida, este modelo é empregado para gerar novas soluções. Os modelos probabilísticos utilizados são a rede bayesiana, para espaços discretos, e a rede gaussiana, para espaços contínuos. A escolha de ambas se deve às suas capacidades de capturar adequadamente as interações mais relevantes das variáveis do problema. Resultados promissores foram obtidos nos experimentos de otimização realizados, os quais trataram, em espaços discretos, de seleção de atributos e de ensembles para classificação de padrões, e em espaços contínuos, de funções multimodais de elevada dimensão. Palavras-chave: sistemas imunológicos artificiais, redes bayesianas, redes gaussianas, otimização em espaços discretos e contínuos, otimização mono-objetivo e multiobjetivo / Abstract: Artificial immune systems (AISs) and probabilistic graphical models are two important techniques for the design of intelligent systems, and they have been widely explored by researchers from diverse areas, in both theoretical and practical aspects. However, the potential of each technique is usually explored in isolation, without considering the possible cooperation between them. As a first contribution of this work, it is proposed an approach that explores the main advantages of AISs as optimization tools applied to the learning of Bayesian networks from data sets. On the other hand, the AISs already proposed to perform optimization in discrete and continuous spaces correspond to population-based meta-heuristics without mechanisms to deal effectively with building blocks, and also having few resources to benefit from the knowledge already acquired from the search space. The second contribution of this thesis is the proposition of four algorithms devoted to overcoming these limitations, both in single-objective and multi-objective contexts. The cloning and mutation operators are replaced by a probabilistic model representing the probability distribution of the best solutions. After that, this model is employed to generate new solutions. The probabilistic models adopted are the Bayesian network, for discrete spaces, and the Gaussian network, for continuous spaces. These choices are supported by their ability to properly capture the most relevant interactions among the variables of the problem. Promising results were obtained in the optimization experiments carried out, which have treated, in discrete spaces, feature selection and ensembles for pattern classification, and, in continuous spaces, multimodal functions of high dimension. Keywords: artificial immune systems, Bayesian networks, Gaussian networks, optimization in discrete and continuous domains, single-objective and multi-objective optimization / Doutorado / Engenharia de Computação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Adriana Maria Bernardes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T15:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_GeronimoSantos_M.pdf: 3900497 bytes, checksum: 0904079a65c1f017110bfd31770a67d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A cidade de São Paulo vivencia hoje uma nova etapa no seu processo de urbanização e uma nova fase relativa ao seu papel na formação sócio-espacial brasileira. Novos conteúdos técnicos e normativos garantem à cidade o papel de metrópole onipresente no território nacional, pois a cidade assenta as bases de um centro produtor e irradiador de informação para todo o país. Nesse contexto, São Paulo permanece estruturando-se para abrigar sedes de grandes corporações nacionais e internacionais que tem na cidade um importante nó de suas redes. Destacam-se, na organização de um mercado imobiliário para atender as demandas destas grandes corporações, três empresas transnacionais de consultoria imobiliária: a Jones Lang LaSalle, a Cushman & Wakefield e a CB Richard Ellis. A partir da produção de informação sobre e para o mercado de imóveis corporativos, estas empresas concorrem para a conformação de um "Novo Centro de Negócios" na cidade. A produção de informação e os serviços prestados por essas empresas se posicionam no sentido de induzir um novo arranjo de objetos técnicos, representados pelos "edifícios inteligentes". Esses edifícios apresentam características técnicas bastante distintas de gerações de edifícios comerciais precedentes, privilegiando, por exemplo, grandes lajes e componentes relacionados a transmissão de dados e informações a partir de uma rede de telecomunicações neles instalada. O arranjo espacial desses edifícios na cidade de São Paulo nos revelou uma elevada concentração em seu "Novo Centro de Negócios". Atualmente, essa área, localizada no quadrante sudoeste do município, renova sua estrutura viária e comunicacional para atender as demandas de grandes empresas ali localizadas, por meio de coalizões público-privadas. Esses pactos se evidenciam, dentre outras maneiras, a partir de duas Operações Urbanas Consorciadas em curso na área: a Operação Urbana Consorciada Faria Lima e a Água Espraiada. Esses instrumentos de intervenção urbana evidenciaram a atualização do uso corporativo e da fragmentação do território na cidade de São Paulo em favor do mercado imobiliário / Abstract: The city of São Paulo experiences today a new step in its process of urbanization and a new stage concerning its role in the Brazil's socio-spatial shapping. Furthermore, new technical and regulatory content ensures the city the role of ubiquitous metropolis in the national territory, as the city builds the foundation of a manufacturing center and information radiator for the whole country. In this context, São Paulo remains structuring itself to carry on the headquarters of large national and international corporations that have in the city an important node of their networks. In the organization of a real estate market to meet the demands of these large corporations stand out three transnational companies of real estate consulting: Jones Lang LaSalle, Cushman & Wakefield and CB Richard Ellis. From the production of information on and for the corporate real estate market, these companies compete for the conformation of a new business centre in the city. Also the production of information and the services provided by these companies position themselves in order to induce a new arrangement of technical objects, represented by "intelligent buildings". These buildings have been using feature technical characteristics quite distinct from early generations of commercial buildings, focusing, for example, large slabs and components related to transmission of data and information from a telecommunications network installed in them. On the other hand, the spatial arrangement of buildings in the city of São Paulo revealed a high concentration in its new business center. Currently, this area, located in the southwest quadrant of the city, renew your road and communicational structure to meet the demands of large enterprises there located, through coalitions between the private sector and the public sector. These pacts turn out remarkable, among other ways, by two urban operations ongoing in the area: the Urban Operation Intercropped Faria Lima and Água Espraiada. The implementations of these new instruments of urban intervention have marked a process of updating the corporate use and fragmentation of the territory in São Paulo city, favoring real estate market / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

Diploma thesis deals with Ambient intelligence issue. Represents its basic characteristic and demands for its realization. Describes actual stadium in this concept development and shows some present projects. Next focuses on Intelligent buildings issue. In connection with this addresses to so-called human behaviour patterns. Various methods of human behaviour patterns measurement are discussed there. Thesis then focuses on people counting system design, which is based on camera record. Such system represents way of human behaviour patterns measurement. Lastly, the using of this way obtained data is discussed.

De senaste åren har det talats mer och mer om smarta byggnader och byggnadsautomatisering. Även miljö, hållbarhet och energieffektivitet är ämnen som diskuteras frekvent. För att uppnå lönsamhet och hållbarhet är smarta byggnader ett aktuellt alternativ. Studien kommer ta avstamp ifrån en definition av vad smarta byggnader är och ha den som grund i studien som genomförs. Studien är en komparativ fallstudie med induktiv ansats. Syftet med studien är att undersöka ifall det finns någon skillnad i driftsäkerhet mellan en smart byggnad och en icke smart byggnad. Hur dessa skillnaderna utmärker sig och vart de i så fall finns. Studien görs med en induktiv ansats och slutsatsen mynnar ut i en teori som lyder att det inte finns någon skillnad i driftsäkerheten mellan en smart byggnad och en icke-smart byggnad. Trianguleringsmodellen används för att analysera den insamlade data. Både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data undersöks och analyseras genom komparation. För att få fram relevanta data kommer byggnadernas felanmälningar att analyseras, därtill kommer semistrukturerade intervjuer med personal som arbetar med byggnaderna dagligen genomföras. För att kunna göra detta förklaras begrepp och analysverktyg som driftsäkerhet, RCM, RAMS och feltolerans i teorikapitlet. / The last few years intelligent buildings and building automation have been increasingly discussed. The environment, sustainability and energy efficiency are subjects that are frequently discussed. Intelligent buildings could be a means to achieve profitability and sustainability. This study will begin with a review of different definitions of what an intelligent building is and arrive at a decision on what definition to use. From there a comparative case study with an inductive reasoning will be implemented. The purpose of the study is to find out if there is a difference in reliability between an intelligent building and a non-intelligent building. How these differences present themselves and where they can be found. The conclusion results in a theory formulated as there is no difference in reliability between an intelligent and a non-intelligent building. The triangulation model will be used to analyze the collected data. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be analyzed by comparison. To find relevant data fault reports from both buildings will be processed and analyzed, beyond that semistructured interviews will be conducted with employees that work with the buildings every day. To be able to implement a meaningful and reproducible study the report contains explanations of concepts as reliability, RCM, RAMS and fault tolerance.

Dentro do conceito de "Edifício Inteligente", que tem como objetivo a otimização da infra-estrutura física e do ambiente em relação a aspectos de produtividade e comportamentais, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para modelagem e simulação de estratégias de gerenciamento de sistemas de ar condicionado onde focaliza-se a integração do ar condicionado com os demais sistemas de um edifício. Para tanto introduz-se uma abordagem híbrida onde são considerados aspectos de Sistemas a Eventos Discretos e de Sistemas de Variáveis Contínuas. Como estudo de caso apresenta-se a modelagem do sistema de ar condicionado do Prédio dos Ambulatórios do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, para o qual se aplica o método proposto para análise do tratamento de perturbações no sistema de ar condicionado resultantes de variações da carga térmica. / Considering "Intelligent Buildings", which have as one of its purpose to improve its structure and environment in order maximise the effectiveness of its occupants, this work introduce a methodology for modelling and simulation of HVAC systems. The focus is on the integration of the HVAC system with other building systems. A hybrid approach is introduced to consider both discrete and continuous aspects. As case study, we present the models for the Ambulatory Building of Hospital of the Medical School of São Paulo University. Particularly, the proposed methodology is used to analyse if the response of the HVAC system to thermal load variations can be enhanced, improving the thermal comfort, when integration between systems is considered.