Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad självmedkänsla har för inverkan på utbrändhet, arbetstillfredsställelse och uppsägningsintention i organisatorisk kontext. Där självmedkänsla i korthet innebär att möta sitt eget lidande med kärlek, vördnad och respekt. Tidigare forskning om självmedkänsla har primärt fokuserat på psykiskt välbefinnande och välmående i generella termer. Emellertid råder brist på studier genomförda i organisationssammanhang, trots att självmedkännande förhållningssätt antyds ha gynnsam effekt avseende psykiskt välbefinnande och välmående även inom denna kontext. Särskilt vad gäller sambanden mellan självmedkänsla och en lägre grad av utbrändhet, medan ytterligare studier för att bland annat utforska relationen mellan självmedkänsla, arbetstillfredsställelse och uppsägningsintention erfordras. Metod: Med en kvantitativ ansats har digitaliserade enkätundersökningar genomförts inom flertalet organisationer, resulterande i 153 användbara enkätsvar. Vilket möjliggjort studerandet av självmedkänsla i förhållande till utbrändhet, arbetstillfredsställelse och uppsägningsintention i organisatorisk kontext. Varpå insamlade data analyserats i statistikprogrammet JASP med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik, korrelations- och nätverksanalyser. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat indikerar en signifikant negativ korrelation mellan självmedkänsla och utbrändhet, förenlig med tidigare forskning. Vilket tyder på att självmedkännande förhållningssätt ger upphov till minskad utbrändhet inom organisatorisk kontext. Vidare påvisas en positiv korrelation mellan självmedkänsla och arbetstillfredsställelse, där individer med hög självmedkänsla tenderar att trivas bättre på sitt arbete. Slutligen visar studien en svag negativ korrelation mellan självmedkänsla och uppsägningsintention, vilket anvisar att självmedkännande förhållningssätt kan minska risken för uppsägningar. Sammantaget har självmedkänsla därmed en inverkan på utbrändhet, arbetstillfredsställelse och uppsägningsintention, genom att minska utbrändhet, öka arbetstillfredsställelse och minska uppsägningsintention. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien ger således upphov till teoretiska likväl praktiska bidrag avseende inverkan av ett självmedkännande förhållningssätt i syfte att minska utbrändheten, öka arbetstillfredsställelsen och minska risken för uppsägningar i organisatorisk kontext. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Genomförandet av longitudinella studier för att studera inverkan av självmedkännande förhållningssätt vad gäller utbrändhet, arbetstillfredsställelse och uppsägningsintention över tid. Tillika implementeringen av interventionsstudier i syfte att mäta effekten av självmedkänsla i organisationssammanhang. Därtill att genomföra en replikering av studien med ett slumpmässigt urval, och att utvidga studien med fler variabler för att mäta ytterligare samband och kausalitet. / Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of self-compassion in relation to burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions within an organizational context. In short, self-compassion involves meeting one's own suffering with love, reverence, and respect. Previous research on self-compassion has been mainly focused on mental health and well-being in general, while there is a lack of studies conducted in organizational contexts, where a self-compassionate approach is suggested to have a similar positive effect concerning mental health and well-being in this setting. Especially regarding the relationships between self-compassion and a lower degree of burnout, while further studies to explore the relationship between self-compassion, job satisfaction and termination intention are required.   Method: Using a quantitative approach, digitized surveys has been conducted within several organizations, resulting in 153 usable responses. Which enabled the study of self-compassion in relation to burnout, job satisfaction and turnover intention in organizational settings. Where collected data were analyzed in the statical program JASP using descriptive, correlation and network analyses.   Results and conclusions: The main results of the study indicate a significant negative relationship between self-compassion and burnout, consistent with previous research. Which suggests that self-compassionate attitudes give rise to reduced burnout within the organizational context. Furthermore, a positive relationship between self-compassion and job satisfaction is demonstrated, where individuals with high self-compassion tend to enjoy their work better. Finally, the study found a mildly negative relationship between self-compassion and turnover intentions, suggesting that a self-compassionate approach can reduce the likelihood of turnover intentions and the risk of resignations. Overall, self-compassion thus has an impact on burnout, job satisfaction and the intention to quit, by reducing burnout, increasing job satisfaction and reducing turnover intentions.   Contribution of the thesis: The study gives rise to theoretical and practical contributions regarding the impact of a self-compassionate approach to reduce burnout, increase job satisfaction and reduce the risk of turnover intentions in an organizational context.   Suggestions for further research: The implementation of longitudinal studies to examine the impact of self-compassion attitudes on burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention over time. Additionally, the implementation of intervention studies to measure the effect of self-compassion in an organizational setting. Furthermore, conducting a replication study with a random sample, and to extend the study with additional variables to measure further correlations and causality.

Purpose                                                           The primary objective of this study is to make     theoretical advancements and practical insights for companies aiming to strengthen  enhance their brand image through the implementation of CSR initiatives..   Background                                                   CSR entails committing to ethical conduct and  sustainability, taking steps to minimize societal and environmental impacts caused by a company’s operations. Nowadays, companies are expected to demonstrate their values and prioritize actions that address economic, environmental and social needs. Consumers evaluate brands not only based on product functionality but also emotional and social attributes associated with the brand.  CSR can help businesses retain existing customers and attract new ones.    Design/Methodology/approach                The qualitative single case study focuses on IKEA and its CSR initiatives incorporating feedback from customers. The study employs abductive reasoning and utilizes semi-structured interviews as the primary research method.  Both  primary and secondary data sources are  used to conduct this study, providing a comprehensive view of IKEA’s CSR efforts and their effect on customer perceptions.    Findings   The findings from the study on IKEA’s CSR initiatives reveal a range of attitudes and perceptions among consumers. While some value and prioritize ethical and socially responsible practices when choosing a brand, others prioritize factors such as price, quality and convenience.

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Entrepreneurship is a major economic force and a salient personal behavior through which individuals achieve personal goals. A better understanding of entrepreneurial intention is crucial to fostering entrepreneurial behavior since intention precedes behavior. Considering the importance of the concepts of social and commercial entrepreneurs, the study examined whether social and commercial entrepreneurial intentions are motivated by a similar set of attitudes and personal values. It provided an answer to why and how an individual intends to become either a social or a commercial entrepreneur.To understand motivational similarities and differences between social and commercial entrepreneurial intention, the conceptual framework relying on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Basic Human Values Theory was proposed. In the developed model, the value set of entrepreneurial intentions is differentiated and categorized through Schwartz’s personal values and materialism. And perceived behavioral control and attitude towards entrepreneurship, two constructs capturing attitudinal differences, were used as two main explanatory variables with subjective norms (SN) as a moderator to represent its motivating power on attitudes, values, and intentions. Analyses of survey data collected from 1029 participants demonstrated a significant direct effect of attitude towards entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, self-enhancement values, and materialism on both entrepreneurial intentions. Self-transcendence affects social entrepreneurial intention significantly. Further, in the presence of positive subjective norms, a positive change in perceived behavioral control led to the development of both entrepreneurial intentions. And in the presence of openness to change values, a positive change in attitude toward commercial entrepreneurship motivated the development of commercial entrepreneurial intention. The remaining personal values negatively moderated the relationship between attitudinal components and entrepreneurial intentions. In the presence of materialism, a positive change in attitudinal components led to a negative intention to pursue entrepreneurship as a career. The corroborating evidence of the effect of materialism on social entrepreneurial intention development supported the underlying economic motive of social entrepreneurs. SPSS hierarchical regression technique tested proposed hypotheses using data collected from student subjects and the MTurk sample.

Background:Scarcity refers to a basic economic problem, the gap between limited resources and limitlesswants. This situation requires people to make decisions on how to allocate resourcesefficiently in order to satisfy basic needs and as many additional wants as possible. Scarcitycan affect the consumers ability to source and process information with regards to acquiring ascarce product. Scarcity can be divided into two cues, LQS and LTS and these ques can helpunderstand a consumer's purchase intention.Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to explain the effect increasing LQS & LTS has on onlinepurchase intention onlineMethodology:This thesis employed a quantitative research method as well as a deductive approach with anexplanatory goal. The study was cross-sectional in nature. The data was collected via anonline questionnaire sent out to an online community consisting of around 20,000 members,which obtained 272 valid replies that passed the qualification question by purposive samplingThe data was tested using reliability testing, validity testing, and significance testing.Furthermore two simple linear regression analysis to test the two hypotheses formed in theconceptual framework.Findings:The findings of this paper states that LQS and LTS both show a significant positive impact onpurchase intention in an online context. LTS was shown to have a higher significant impacton purchase intention when comparing the two cues.Conclusion:The conclusion from this paper comes in three separate items. The general conclusion,theoretical implication and managerial implication. The general conclusion states that thefindings prove that LTS and LQS has a significant positive impact on purchase intention.Secondly, the theoretical implication states that LTS has a more significant impact onpurchase intention in an online context and that scarcity does not influence a positivebehavioural outcome such as purchase intention similarly offline versus online.The managerial implications state that LQS and LTS could be used to enhance purchaseintention synonymously with each other.

The aim of the current study was to reconstruct the sport venue quality dimensionsas an autonomous quality with a utilitarian perspective and examine the impact on spectators’ perceived risk, price perception, and sustained consumption intentions. Venues for National Basketball Association (NBA) and Major League Baseball (MLB) games that mostly represent indoor and outdoor sporting facilities were chosen, and subjects were spectators who have experience of attending professional team sport events in sport venues. The study employed an online survey for data collection, and a total of 595 samples were utilized for data analyses. The data set was randomly split into two halves for a principal component analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis, respectively. Results of the PCA generated 11 factors for venue quality including seating comfort, facility aesthetics, layout accessibility, safety, cleanliness, seating view, space allocation, facility system, electronic device, parking, and signage. The reliability and validity of the measurement model were also confirmed. In the structural model analyses, venue quality was found to be significantly associated with perceived value, perceived risk, and sustained consumption intentions. The relationships among perceived value, perceived risk, and sustained consumption intentions were also positively significant. The mediating effects of perceived value and perceived risk were found in the relationship between venue quality and sustained consumption intentions. The findings of the current research will contribute to the sport management literature by providing meaningful insights on capturing the essence of sport venue quality, based on an autonomous quality, and how it affects spectators’ price perception, alleviates perceived risk, and leads to sustained consumption intentions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and understand the consumer perspective and intentions toward the prospect of a future without third-party cookies.Design/Methodology/Approach: This thesis utilized a combination of exploratory and confirmatory research design. A mixed-method approach was used for the data collection. The qualitative stage included focus groups. This was followed by a quantitative stage, conducted by means of an online survey.Findings: The finding from the focus groups indicated that Internet users have a negative opinion of the prospect of a world without third-party cookies, with positive expectations like improved user experience. Furthermore, results from both the survey and focus groups reveal a glaring lack of information when it comes to the subject of the gradual elimination of third-party cookies. The survey findings show the existence of a connection between user intention and distrust as well as user intention and privacy concerns.Theoretical Implications: Novel contributions have been made in several fields of business administration, specifically, the domains of digital marketing, consumer behavior, and consumer psychology. Contributions have also been provided by blending the theories from the above domains. Furthermore, this study established the addition of the Technology Acceptance Model, and Communication Privacy Management Theory to research the cookieless future, offering new useful insights on the underresearched topic of the cookieless future.Practical/Societal Implications: In the absence of cookies, organizations must improve their communication with online users. Furthermore, organizations and institutions are both responsible for educating everyday online users on topics such as online policies, data collection procedures, and data protection regulations. Moreover, organizations will have to focus on improving the online user experience in the absence of third-party cookies.Limitations/Future Research: Having a larger sample size would have allowed for better generalizability. Furthermore, participants were mostly Millennials (i.e., born between 1981 and 1996) and Gen Z (i.e., born between 1997 and 2012) in the case of both the qualitative and quantitative parts of the study. An even wider distribution in age within the sample could have resulted in a different statistical analysis. Additionally, the survey and the focus groups were conducted exclusively in English, limiting the study to English speakers. Future research could investigate the users’ perceptions and behavior after Google has fully removed third-party cookies. Future research can also take an in-depth look into how the removal of cookies will affect personalized advertisements. Moreover, further studies could also investigate bigger populations. Different populations could be investigated as well: different generations, or different countries. Lastly, a longitudinal study of this thesis after the completed removal of third-party cookies could be a fruitful research direction.Originality: This is the first study that examines consumer perceptions and intentions in the context of the cookieless future, to the authors' knowledge. It is also the first to academically examine the cookieless future using a mixed-method approach, to the authors' knowledge.

中国における都市部と農村部異なる制度的・社会経済的背景により、独特な環境意識を生まれていると考えられる。本研究は、現地調査によりデータを収集し、統計分析を駆使したことにより、都市部と農村部における環境意識の特有の構造と形成メカニズムを解明することを目的とする。先行研究の成果を踏まえ、都市部と農村部の社会構造を考慮し、環境意識に関する総合的な理論モデルを提案し、環境意識の三つのディメンションに分けて展開する。理論的に検討することと実証的なデータの分析結果を基に、環境意識形成の内在因子と外部影響要因を明らかにした。 / Long-time institutional and socioeconomic segmentations make rural China become a distinctive society from the urban China. The remarkable rural and urban division in China supplies us a good context to explore the formation and diverse social facets of environmental consciousness. This study aims to clarify the specific structure and formation mechanism of environmental consciousness under the different social backgrounds of rural and urban China based on the statistical results derived from survey data. Three dimensions of environmental consciousness and an integrated theoretical framework which involves both social structural and social psychological variables are proposed. Based on the proposed theoretical framework and examined data analyses, the inner causes and externally influencing factors of environmental consciousness were clarified. / 博士(文化情報学) / Doctor of Culture and Information Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Background: Reshoring refers to the process of bringing back manufacturing activities from foreign countries to the home country. The phenomenon is receiving increasing attention from companies and academics for factors such as increasing labor costs in offshore locations, supply chain disruptions, and a growing preference for locally made products. Sweden is home to many world-renowned multinational companies and multinational brands, many of which have established production operations in developing countries. However, reshoring from a consumer-side perspective has not received much research attention, especially from a Swedish consumer perspective. Purpose: This study investigates factors influencing Swedish consumers’ purchase intention on reshored products. This study focuses on five factors: brand attitude, social acceptability, individual ethnocentrism, made-in effect, and perceived social responsibility.  Methodology: This study adopts a quantitative research design and conducts a questionnaire regarding reshored apparel among Swedish consumers to test hypotheses. The data was collected through a web-based survey that 151 respondents answered. Findings: The empirical results indicate that brand attitude, social acceptability, and perceived social responsibility positively affect Swedish consumers' purchase intention on reshored apparel, while individual ethnocentrism and made-in effect do not have any significant effect.  Contributions: This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the implications of reshoring from a demand-side perspective, complementing the reshoring literature that primarily focuses on the business perspective. As the study is limited to a Swedish context, it provides a deeper understanding of Swedish consumers and their influence on reshored products.

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