This dissertation focuses on the experiences of second language pupils which involve linguistic encounters. The overarching aim is to analyse second language pupils' encounters with Swedish as a Second Language and the Swedish school, using a “curriculum theory” and a ”life story” approach". The goal is achieved by examining two empirical contexts which can be described as expressed and experienced curricula. In the first context, an idea analysis is carried out of the contents of the syllabi and curricula for Swedish as a Second Language over a period of time. In the second context, a narrative analysis is carried out of the life stories given by second language pupils of their encounter with Swedish as a Second Language and the Swedish school. Trainee teachers with Swedish as a Second Language participate by telling their life stories. A framework for interpretation emerges by reasoning about language and the creation of meaning, as well as about culture, cultural capital, similarities/differences, compensating/completing and limited participation/full participation. The reasoning leads to the construction of a theoretical interpretation framework and prisms through which the offered and experienced learning can be studied. The analysis shows that what is on offer in the curricula and syllabi is mainly monocultural. It shows that a new subject has grown up based on the need to teach pupils about the Swedish cultural heritage and Swedish norms. Moreover, both changes in the expressed educational ideals over a period of time and contradictory educational ideals become evident. It is also clear that those providing the information felt both different and excluded. They were not monolingual, and did not have Swedish as their mother tongue. To make up for this lack of Swedishness, they were separated from the other classmates and offered special teaching in an attempt to compensate. They also received mother tongue tuition, which was not in Swedish, and this became a problem for those around them, who considered this was an easy option. The second language tuition they were offered focussed partly on their mistakes and shortcomings, and partly on the Swedish cultural heritage. Their earlier experience and skills were not used.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:53:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alejandro Lorenzetti.pdf: 3597745 bytes, checksum: 2a9c81e249205ef95f46fb964a88e1a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aims to describe the current status of the Inter-cultural at the Frontier Schools Program (PEIF) in schools in the cities of Santo Tomé (Argentina) and São Borja (Brazil), and to understand the effects of the implementation of this Linguistic Policy in this region, having by general objective to understand the place of languages at the PEIF. For this, we conducted a field study in four schools, two on each side of the border, during two years in which we traveled collecting documents, photographs, recording numerous interviews and video records, and accompanying teachers in training activities and some classes. We construct a theoretical framework linked to Applied Linguistics, articulating the discussions about culture, globalization and postcoloniality with Ethnography, Linguistic Policy, and the contributions of dialogical discourse analysis (ADD) of Bakhtin's Circle. From this conjunction was born the organization "by layers" of this text, and the analysis "from top to bottom" proposed by the Circle. In the first layer (introduction) we present the research and a historical course of more than a decade of PEIF. We also review and present a brief analysis of the academic productions that focus on this Program, specifically Brazilian theses and dissertations, aiming to insert this work in an academic context whose constitution is also part of the history of the object of study. From this set we obtained some conclusions that later integrate our general analysis. In the second layer (first chapter) we make a historical presentation of the formation of the field of Linguistic Policies as a political and scientific-academic subject, guided by three authors: Ricento (2000) Spolsky (2004) and Johnson (2013). We link PL with PEIF and present issues related to bilingualism, Linguistic Ideologies (IL) and Inter-comprehension between languages. In the third layer (second chapter) we problematize frontiers in the new context. Using the theoretical framework of postcoloniality (APPADURAI, 2004; BABHA, 2006; G. CANCLINI, 1989, 1997; SILVA, 2012) we introduce the questions related to hybrid cultures and identities, to national identities, and especially to the panorama of the studied region through the concept of ideolandscape. The fourth layer (third chapter) develops the ethnographic methodology, supported by Erickson (1985) and Blommaert and Jie (2006) and we briefly present dialogic discourse analysis (ADD) (VOLOSHINOV, 2006). The fifth layer (fourth chapter) concentrates the discussion of the data constructed from the field experience, through the ADD, generating categories of analysis. It is here that, in the voices of protagonists, the different operations of the IL, the effects of the PL and the conflicts arising from the different conceptions operating in the teachers and institutions involved appear. A sixth layer contains the conclusions of the paper, which summarize a history of good political intentions, institutional conflicts, deletions, and historical and emotional ties between the protagonists, the actors who wrote an important chapter in frontier integration and education at the frontiers. / Este trabalho visa descrever a atualidade do andamento do Programa Escolas Interculturais de Fronteira (PEIF) em escolas das cidades de Santo Tomé (Argentina) e São Borja (Brasil), e compreender os efeitos da implementação desta Política Linguística (PL) nessa região, tendo por objetivo geral compreender qual o lugar das línguas no (PEIF). Para isso, realizamos um estudo de campo em quatro escolas, duas em cada lado da fronteira, durante dois anos em que viajamos coletando documentos, fotografias, registrando numerosas entrevistas e video filmagens, e acompanhando professoras em jornadas de formação e algumas aulas.Construimos um referencial teórico ligado à Linguística Aplicada, articulando as discussões sobre cultura, globalização e pós-colonialidade com a etnografia, a Política Linguística, e os aportes da análise dialógica do discurso (ADD) do Circulo de Bakhtin. Dessa conjunção nasceu a organização “por camadas” deste texto, e a análise “de cima para abaixo” proposta pelo Circulo. Na primeira camada (introdução) apresentamos a pesquisa e um percurso histórico de mais de uma década do PEIF. Também resenhamos e apresentamos um breve análise das produções acadêmicas que focam neste Programa, específicamente teses e dissertações brasileiras, visando inserir este trabalho num contexto acadêmico cuja constituição também faz parte da história do objeto de estudo. Desse conjunto obtivemos algumas conclusões que mais tarde integram nossa análise geral. Na segunda camada (primeiro capítulo) fazemos uma apresentação histórica da formação do campo das Políticas Linguísticas como disciplina política e científico acadêmica, guiados por três autores: Ricento (2000) Spolsky (2004) e Johnson (2013). Vinculamos a PL com o PEIF e apresentamos questões relativas ao bilinguismo, as Ideologias Linguísticas (IL) e a Intercompreensão entre línguas. Na terceira camada (segundo capítulo) problematizamos as fronteiras no novo contexto. Utilizando o arcabouço teórico da pós-colonialidade (APPADURAI, 2004; BABHA, 2006; G. CANCLINI, 1989, 1997; SILVA, 2012) introduzimos as questões relativas às culturas e identidades híbridas, às identidades nacionais e especialmente traçamos o panorama da região estudada por meio do conceito de ideopaisagem. A quarta camada (terceiro capítulo) desenvolve a metodologia, de cunho etnográfico, apoiados em Erickson (1985) e Blommaert e Jie (2006) e apresentamos brevemente a análise dialógica de discurso (ADD) (VOLOSHINOV, 2006). A quinta camada (quarto capítulo) concentra a discussão dos dados construídos a partir da experiência de campo, por meio da ADD, gerando categorias de análise. É ali que aparecem, nas vozes de protagonistas, as diferentes operações das IL, os efeitos da PL e os conflitos decorrentes das diferentes conceições operando nos docentes e nas instituições envolvidas. Uma sexta camada contém as conclusões do trabalho, que resumem uma história de boas intenções políticas, conflitos institucionais, apagamentos, e laços históricos e emocionais entre os protagonistas, os agentes que escreveram um capítulo importante na integração fronteiriça e na educação nas fronteiras.

<p><strong>Syfte:</strong> Studien avser ta reda på:</p><ul><li>Om det finns ett internationellt gångbart ledarskap </li><li>Eller om det krävs nationella anpassningar </li><li>Vad eventuella anpassningar beror på</li><li>Vad som kännetecknar en respekterad internationell ledare</li></ul><p><strong>Metod: </strong>Studien är baserad på sju kvalitativa djupintervjuer, som analyserats med hjälp av kulturdimensions- och ledarskapsteorier. Intervjuerna har sammanställts i en matris, för att bli överskådligare. Nyckelord och samband har därefter markerats för att hitta gemensamma teman.</p><p><strong>Resultat & slutsats: </strong>Fyra huvudresultat har framkommit:</p><ul><li>Det internationella ledarskapet finns</li><li>Dock krävs vissa kulturella anpassningar</li><li>De mest utmärkande skillnaderna mellan Sverige och Singapore är, hur personer motiveras, hur man kommunicerar effektivast och hur problem löses och arbetet struktureras</li><li>Den effektiva ledaren är bl a målfokuserad, en bra kommunikatör och lyhörd</li></ul><p><strong>Förslag till fortsatt forskning:</strong></p><ul><li>Utöka studien med att innefatta enkäter, fler djupintervjuer eller observationer, för att få ett bättre statistiskt underlag </li><li>Studien kan göras på fler länder</li><li>Studera flera stora internationella ledares egenskaper </li><li>Intervjua ledarnas medarbetare för att få ett bredare material i ämnet</li></ul><p><strong>Uppsatsens bidrag: </strong>Uppsatsen visar på att nationella anpassningar behöver göras, för att bli en framgångsrik internationell ledare. Den visar på vilka anpassningar som behöver göras i Singapore, men för övriga länder krävs att kunskap inhämtas. Studien bör därmed kunna användas som diskussionsunderlag för svenska företag som ska skicka ledare utomlands.</p> / <p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study is to find out:</p><ul><li>If the international leadership exists</li><li>If the leadership has to be adjusted to cultural needs</li><li>What is the reason behind the adjustments of the leadership</li><li>What distinguish a respected international leader from a none respected </li></ul><p><strong>Method:</strong> I have interviewed seven Swedish leaders in Singapore to find the answers to the above questions. The material has then been concluded by using a matrix. Connections between the interviews have been found by studying the matrix. The analysis is based on these connections and the leadership and culture difference theories.</p><p><strong>Result & Conclusions: </strong>The result of the thesis are:</p><ul><li>The international leadership exists, but cultural adjustments have to be done of the leadership</li><li>The largest differences between Sweden and Singapore are, the way people are motivated, how they communicate and how the work is organised </li><li>The differences come of large differences in Hofstede's culture dimensions, Power distance index and Masculinity </li></ul><p><strong>Suggestions for future research:</strong></p><ul><li>The study could be based on more interviews, a survey or on observations, to get a better statistical material</li><li>It could be done on more countries</li><li>More great international leaders can be studied to find their qualifications </li><li>Interview the employees to get their opinion on the thesis’ subject</li></ul><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Contribution of the thesis: </strong>The study shows that adjustments have to be made. It can therefore be of interest to be used by Swedish companies that are sending leaders abroad.</p>

Syfte: Studien avser ta reda på: Om det finns ett internationellt gångbart ledarskap Eller om det krävs nationella anpassningar Vad eventuella anpassningar beror på Vad som kännetecknar en respekterad internationell ledare Metod: Studien är baserad på sju kvalitativa djupintervjuer, som analyserats med hjälp av kulturdimensions- och ledarskapsteorier. Intervjuerna har sammanställts i en matris, för att bli överskådligare. Nyckelord och samband har därefter markerats för att hitta gemensamma teman. Resultat &amp; slutsats: Fyra huvudresultat har framkommit: Det internationella ledarskapet finns Dock krävs vissa kulturella anpassningar De mest utmärkande skillnaderna mellan Sverige och Singapore är, hur personer motiveras, hur man kommunicerar effektivast och hur problem löses och arbetet struktureras Den effektiva ledaren är bl a målfokuserad, en bra kommunikatör och lyhörd Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Utöka studien med att innefatta enkäter, fler djupintervjuer eller observationer, för att få ett bättre statistiskt underlag Studien kan göras på fler länder Studera flera stora internationella ledares egenskaper Intervjua ledarnas medarbetare för att få ett bredare material i ämnet Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen visar på att nationella anpassningar behöver göras, för att bli en framgångsrik internationell ledare. Den visar på vilka anpassningar som behöver göras i Singapore, men för övriga länder krävs att kunskap inhämtas. Studien bör därmed kunna användas som diskussionsunderlag för svenska företag som ska skicka ledare utomlands. / Aim: The aim of the study is to find out: If the international leadership exists If the leadership has to be adjusted to cultural needs What is the reason behind the adjustments of the leadership What distinguish a respected international leader from a none respected Method: I have interviewed seven Swedish leaders in Singapore to find the answers to the above questions. The material has then been concluded by using a matrix. Connections between the interviews have been found by studying the matrix. The analysis is based on these connections and the leadership and culture difference theories. Result &amp; Conclusions: The result of the thesis are: The international leadership exists, but cultural adjustments have to be done of the leadership The largest differences between Sweden and Singapore are, the way people are motivated, how they communicate and how the work is organised The differences come of large differences in Hofstede's culture dimensions, Power distance index and Masculinity Suggestions for future research: The study could be based on more interviews, a survey or on observations, to get a better statistical material It could be done on more countries More great international leaders can be studied to find their qualifications Interview the employees to get their opinion on the thesis’ subject   Contribution of the thesis: The study shows that adjustments have to be made. It can therefore be of interest to be used by Swedish companies that are sending leaders abroad.

This study investigates the values that the print media place on human lives in an international context. This was conducted by examining the coverage of death in international news. Although the research literature shows a number of studies that examined the coverage of death, this particular study differs from previous studies because all such previous research has had either a narrow focus or shortcomings in their research methods. In this context, this study is a comprehensive evaluation of how newspapers cover death in foreign news. By focussing on quality newspapers in Germany and Australia, namely the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, the Süddeutsche, The Australian and the Sydney Morning Herald, the study identified the differences in the coverage of death in these newspapers. In particular the study examined whether these newspapers gave preference in any form to reports of death from countries that were culturally similar as opposed to countries that were culturally dissimilar countries. The study further examined and highlighted the basis on which journalists in Germany and Australia made news decisions about whether or not to cover foreign events that included death and what criteria informed their news decisions. By applying a cultural framework developed especially for the purpose of examining international news, the study found clear evidence that journalists primarily look for a cultural connection to their own country in making news judgments in regard to foreign news coverage. The framework used in this study was based on the following four cultural dimensions: world views, value systems, systems of social organisation and systems of symbolic representation. In this regard, an event in which a large number of people have died, but which is located in a country that does not have many links along these dimensions with the newspaper’s home country will not necessarily rate very highly. In contrast, an event involving a few dead people would rate highly if the event occurred in a country with which the newspaper’s home country has many links along the four dimensions. In this regard, issues such as news fatigue, also called compassion fatigue, can be overcome by a cultural connection to another country. Differences in how German and Australian quality newspapers treated stories about foreign death, both in the use of language and the use of photographs, were also examined in detail. In this regard, Australian newspapers were found to display relatively more tabloid characteristics than German newspapers, with clear differences in the language used when describing death. Differences in the use of graphic photographs were not as clear, though distinctions could still be made to a certain degree across national lines. In general, journalists’ approaches to how they treated death could also be traced back to some distinct cultural differences between Germany and Australia.

The dissertation underlines an approach towards mission, where the epistemology, hermeneutical key and methodology centre around relationship. This, by tracing trends in the pastoral context, verified through research and an analysis of congregational surveys. The results were then analysed in terms of biblical revelation (the creation narratives, God's covenental relationship with Israel, Christ as the New Israel, Christ's missiological methodology and an understanding of the Holy Trinity). The resulis were then also brought into conversation with recent developments in science, recognising the interdependence of all things, and also exploring recent definitions of mission. The study then grapples with a new way of engaging in theology. This new model simultaneously promotes the symbiotic nature of theologies, while placing them within the framework of relational objectives; using dialogue as medium, Holland and Henriot's Social Analysis and quantifiable relationship goals to engender a theological process accessible to people from all contexts and backgrounds. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Cultural diversity in a global community demands our tolerant understanding of one another. Participatory art projects can be instrumental in facilitating equal-footing en­counters and creative communication between people from different cultures that transcend language barriers. Used as a methodology for synergistic exchange and exploration, they represent a useful tool for the study and advancement of alternative solutions to development-related themes, particularly where non-verbal communication is either essential or advantageous.This report considers an independent arts-based project, “How to Talk to Dragons”, which was carried out in Phnom Penh, Cambodia by cultural workers from Berlin. The inter-cultural project chose the art form of shadow puppetry to explore the country’s culture and the experiences of its people, and to exchange ideas and perspectives in an engaging and socially just forum. The question guiding this cultural voyage of discovery was how the symbolic dragon, a mythical creature with a global resonance but subject to different perceptions in Europe and Asia, might be used as an agent for opening the way to revealing insights into human nature.The report also explores the links between How to Talk to Dragons and ComDev practices and, by incorporating an auto-ethnographic approach, considers how this method can serve to provide a better understanding of practice and add value to project analysis from a practitioner's perspective.It finds that open concept projects offer an exceptional flexibility to adapt to local and cultural conditions and makes the case for the Cambodian shadow theatre known as Sbek Touch (literal meaning: small leather) as a valuable emancipatory tool for promoting communication across social, economic and cultural borders. It recommends further studies into its potential for raising and identifying sometimes controversial issues in a humorous manner and for uncovering collective solutions, particularly among marginalized communities and classes. Ultimately, the report points to Hooks’ “Practice of Love” as an overarching concept that can inform and transform activities designed to engage with and embrace diversity.

Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M.Th (Missiology)

An employed individual will spend between a quarter and a third of his or her waking life at the workplace. An estimated 40% of those in South Africa who are employed full-time work in offices. With the amount of time spend in buildings, the physical conditions in the workplace are important determinants of satisfaction, comfort, well-being, and effectiveness and can even play a role in mental health. The physical environment in offices should therefore be carefully planned, designed, and managed. This qualitative study, sought to develop an inter-cultural office design framework for South Africa combining Eastern and Western design principles. Specifically, it sought to obtain a better insight into design principles which can enhance the well-being of office workers; inter-cultural, gender neutral and age neutral design principles which can be applied in a South African context. To be able to answer these questions an intensive literature review was undertaken investigating both the Eastern design principles as expressed in feng shui and Western design principles as expressed in Environmental Social Science. The design principles of these two traditions were compared and all aspects where the two traditions did not support each other were included in the in-depth interviews. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted By relying on various design cultures (e.g. Eastern and Western) an environment can be created which are pleasing and can enhance the well-being of the users. Underlying design principles are universal, but the symbolic expression thereof can differ from culture to culture. One of the conclusions from this study is that three quarters of design principles are v universal. There is no one size fits all solution and compromise is necessary from all involved. The compromise applies to the roughly a quarter of design aspects where subgroup differences have been detected. Any design should take individual and group difference into account. The only way to do this is to get proper input from all stakeholders at all stages of the design. It is critically important that the input starts before the design process commences. There are many design principles which can be implemented to improve the quality of work life of office workers in the South African context. Design can for example play a very important role in encouraging and facilitating formal and informal interaction in the workplace – bridging the gap between heterogeneous groups. Without forcing relationships, design can assist in naturally integrating heterogeneous groups. The physical environment must support the image and identity which needs to be communicated, facilitate communication and enable task accomplishment. Most of all it must become a place with which employees can identify and where they can develop a sense of place. From this study it can be concluded that not only form follows function but also that aesthetics follow function – a principle that design should be based on the primary purpose of the building, the workspace based on the needs of the stakeholders and from this starting point aesthetics will flow. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Consulting Psychology)

本論文從跨國穆斯林教育改革運動與宗教文化對話之角度，研究社會衝突及其可能的解決之道。無論是西方社會，抑或東方社會，都存在著社會衝突及社會缺乏凝聚力等現象，此等現象現在成為公共辯論的核心議題。近年來，這些議題也被認為與穆斯林及其宗教活動相關。面對這類指控與社會問題，伊斯蘭世界以各種不同的方式做出回應。深受土耳其穆斯林思想家法圖拉‧菊稜(M. Fethullah Gülen)之思想及教誨而啟發，發展出的Hizmet全球公民社會運動，即提出了解決前述問題的實務做法，此係本論文內容所研究之主題。 在多元化的社會中，有各種不同的溝通架構與方法可解決衝突。Hizmet運動提倡在不同種族與信仰的環境之間建立新的教育體系與對話管道，並藉此邁向全球和平。Hizmet運動認為，唯有透過教育與對話，不同的社會群體間才有可能發展及維繫其社會的凝聚力，並能由此修補曾引發穆斯林與非穆斯林分裂的社會分歧。 本論文探討了在哈薩克的Hizmet運動，呈現出在哈薩克國家發展的進程中，一小群Hizmet運動的追隨者是如何成功地為國家的發展帶來和諧。並特別研究在後殖民時代的哈薩克，Hizmet運動所設立之學校對教育改革與社會轉型方面所造成的影響。研究顯示，Hizmet運動不僅參與了哈薩克的國家教育計畫，也間接促進了土耳其人與哈薩克人之間的相互了解。土耳其人與當地的哈薩克人，為建立和平共存與文明交集這些目標而共同努力，而在攜手合作的過程中，他們也能更加認識彼此。 本論文有助於對伊斯蘭在中亞突厥語係國家發展之研究，尤其針對自前蘇聯獨立出來之突厥語係國家的改革議題有所助益。除此之外，本論文探討了與教育改革及宗教文化對話之關係，在研究如Hizmet運動般之跨國伊斯蘭運動的同時，也為跨國伊斯蘭運動之研究拓展了新的研究面向。 / The thesis researches on social conflicts and suggests the possible solutions from the perspective of Muslim transnational movement through educational reform and religio-cultural dialogue. The existence of social conflicts and the lack of social cohesion are the core themes of many public debates in both Western and Eastern societies. In recent years these issues have often been linked to Muslim communities and their religious activities. The Islamic response to these allegations and social problems is in various ways. Nevertheless this study concerns the solutions proposed and practiced by the Hizmet Movement, a global civil society inspired by the teachings of Fethullah Gülen, a great contemporary Turkish Muslim thinker. In the pluralistic societies there are different communicational structures and ways of resolution to conflicts. The Hizmet Movement proposes that new education system and dialogues between different races and faiths can establish the bridge to attain global peace, and it suggests only through education and dialogue different societies or communities will maintain social cohesion and mend the social cleavages that divide Muslims and non-Muslims. This thesis examines the Hizmet Movement in Kazakhstan. It reflects how a small group of Hizmet followers successfully bring harmony into the national development in Kazakhstan. It especially investigates the role and impact of Hizmet schools in educational reform and social transmutation of Kazakhstan in the post-colonial period. It also endeavors to show that Hizmet Movement is not only engaged in Kazakhstan national education projects, but also indirectly fosters mutual understanding between the Turkish people and the local Kazakhs in order to work together towards a peaceful coexistence and alliance of civilization. The thesis will contribute to the study of Islam in Central Asia’s Turkic countries, especially the reformation after their independence from the former Soviet-Union. Besides, it brings out a new research dimension of Transnational Islamic movement such as the Hizmet, in the aspect of educational reform and religio-cultural dialogues.