Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The disorders of the autistic spectrum is a mystery to the clinics and to the researchers who are committed to unmask them, overall by the linguistic characteristics and of the social interaction presented by children with this psychopathology, as the stereotypes and the peculiarities when they play. This research was focused on the investigation of the evolutionary significance of the play and of the verbal and non verbal stereotypes in children of the autistic spectrum from the therapy of language in an interactionism perspective. Three boys with diagnoses of Global Development Disorder participated of this study, their mothers and the speech responsible by the conduction of the therapeutic process. Films of thirty minutes were made with the children in interaction with their mothers or with the speech in the free play during the first and eighth months of the continued therapy. Continued interviews also were made with the mothers. The data were transcribed and analyzed qualitatively at the light of the psychoanalysis, as theory of the subjectivity, and of the interactionism, like theory of the language acquisition. In the three cases, it was observed the family impact caused in the maternal feeling by the diagnose of autism; precariousness of the dialogic relation, in which the interaction was marked by intrusive behaviors, excess of order of information, troubles of pedagogical matrix and difficult of understanding what the children talked or showed, what caused increase of stereotypes. The inclusion of mothers in the therapeutic process through the continued interviews and participations in the sessions helped in the improving of the maternal bond with the children and it improved the dialogic. There was also progress in the play of subjects and changes were registered in the object relation. The stereotypes diminished considerably with the operation of the subjects in the language and this occurred by the improving in the dialogic activity mother-son. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the proposal of interactionism conception produces important effects in the play and in the functioning of the individuals in the language. / Os transtornos do espectro autista constituem um mistério ao clínico e ao pesquisador que se comprometem a desvendá-los, sobretudo pelas características linguísticas e de interação social apresentadas por crianças com essa psicopatologia, como as estereotipias e as peculiaridades no brincar. Esta pesquisa teve como foco de investigação a significação evolutiva do brincar e das estereotipias verbais e não verbais em crianças do espectro autista, a partir da terapia de linguagem em uma perspectiva Interacionista. Participaram deste estudo três meninos com diagnóstico de Transtorno Global do Desenvolvimento, suas mães e a fonoaudióloga responsável pela condução do processo terapêutico. Foram realizadas filmagens de trinta minutos das crianças em interação com suas mães ou com a fonoaudióloga na brincadeira livre durante o primeiro e décimo mês de terapia. Também foram feitas entrevistas continuadas com as mães. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados qualitativamente à luz da Psicanálise, como teoria da subjetividade, e do Interacionismo, como teoria de aquisição da linguagem. Nos três casos, os discursos maternos demonstraram o impacto familiar provocado no sentimento materno pelo diagnóstico de autismo; precariedade da relação dialógica, na qual a interação era marcada por comportamentos intrusivos, excesso de pedidos de informação, preocupações de cunho pedagógico e dificuldade em compreender o que as crianças falavam ou mostravam, o que gerava aumento das estereotipias. A inclusão das mães no processo terapêutico, através das entrevistas continuadas e participação nas sessões, auxiliou na melhora do vínculo materno com as crianças e melhorou a dialogia. Também houve evolução no brincar dos sujeitos, registrando-se mudanças na relação objetal. As estereotipias diminuíram consideravelmente com o funcionamento dos sujeitos na linguagem e esta se deu pela melhora na atividade dialógica mãe-filho. Portanto, é possível concluir que a proposta de concepção Interacionista produz efeitos importantes no brincar e no funcionamento dos sujeitos na linguagem.

Cette recherche de thèse propose un travail pluridisciplinaire d’épistémologie de la clinique et d’analyse socio historique de l’émergence et de l’organisation des formes de prise en charge des femmes qui présentent des troubles psychopathologiques et de leur bébé pendant la période périnatale, des conduites thérapeutiques préconisées et des dispositifs de soins mis en place à cette période. Une attention particulière a été portée aux idées, concepts et processus qui ont façonné cette offre de soins récente. L’objet de la recherche se situe donc à l’intersection d’une réflexion clinique (scientifique), institutionnelle (prévention précoce) et organisationnelle (travail en réseau). Prenant la psychologie clinique en actes comme sujet d’étude, il se fonde sur un cadre méthodologique approprié pour produire et analyser une généalogie de savoirs et d’interventions ainsi que des données inédites sur ce que nous appellerons : l’invention, la fabrique d’un nouveau champ intellectuel et de pratiques cliniques qui s’est constitué comme une innovation organisationnelle autour de la prise en charge des vulnérabilités psychiques maternelles pendant la période périnatale. / This thesis proposes a multidisciplinary epistemology of the clinic and a socio-historical analysis of the emergence and organization of forms of care for women who present psychopathological disorders and their baby during the perinatal period, professional therapeutic response, and the care arrangements put in place during this period. Particular attention is paid to the ideas, concepts and processes that shape this novel provision of care. The object of this research rests, therefore, at the intersection of clinical (scientific), institutional (early prevention) and organizational (networking) axes. Taking clinical psychology into action as a subject of study, it is based on grounded theory and discourse analysis to produce and analyze a genealogy of knowledge and intervention as well as new data on what we call: the invention, the creation of a new intellectual field and clinical practice that has been constituted as an innovative organizational structure around the management of maternal psychic vulnerabilities during the perinatal period.