A antropometria baseia-se na mensuração e análise quantitativa das variáveis dimensionais da morfologia humana e tem sido amplamente introduzida na clínica fonoaudiológica como método objetivo de análise facial. Por esta razão, torna-se de suma importância que alunos de graduação em Fonoaudiologia aprendam eficientemente essa técnica. A simulação tem sido muito utilizada como metodologia de ensino, por permitir a reprodução de uma situação real, facilitando o treinamento e o aprendizado de atividades práticas manuais, como é o caso das mensurações antropométricas orofaciais. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver e adaptar recursos tecnológicos para o ensino em Motricidade Orofacial, especificamente no que se refere à análise facial, e avaliar a efetividade da simulação para o processo de aprendizado. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um tutorial interativo e adaptado o programa de computador Invivo5®, para servir como ambiente de aprendizagem simulado. Participaram da pesquisa 20 alunos do 2º ano de graduação em Fonoaudiologia, que haviam concluído a disciplina Motricidade Orofacial II, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente nos grupos experimental e controle, e três fonoaudiólogos com experiência em Motricidade Orofacial e análise facial, que foram submetidos à calibração. Todos os alunos receberam o tutorial interativo para estudo. O grupo experimental fez o treinamento das medidas antropométricas faciais no programa Invivo5® e o grupo controle em indivíduos do próprio grupo. Após o estudo e treinamento, alunos e fonoaudiólogos fizeram a avaliação das mensurações de nove medidas antropométricas orofaciais de um mesmo sujeito, duas vezes. Os resultados da avaliação final e o tempo de execução das medidas, foram tabulados e submetidos ao Teste t pareado, o qual mostrou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos controle e experimental em nenhum análise. Apenas a medida do lábio inferior e o tempo de execução das medidas apresentaram significância na comparação do grupo dos profissionais com os alunos. Diante disso, o desenvolvimento de um tutorial interativo e a adaptação do programa Invivo5® para simulação foram utilizados como ferramentas tecnológicas para o ensino em Motricidade Orofacial, especificamente a análise facial. Foi comprovada a efetividade da simulação no processo de aprendizagem, uma vez que o estudo não apresentou diferenças entre os métodos de ensino tradicional e simulado, sendo ambos foram satisfatórios para o ensino. / Anthropometry is based on the measurement and quantitative analysis of the dimensional variables of human morphology and has been widely introduced in the Speech-Language practice as an objective method of facial analysis. For this reason, it is of the utmost importance that undergraduate students in Speech-Language Pathology learn this technique efficiently. Simulation has been commonly used as a teaching methodology, since it allows the reproduction of a real situation, facilitating the training and learning of practical manual activities, as the orofacial anthropometric measurements. The purpose of this study was to develop and adapt technological resources for teaching in Orofacial Myology, specifically regarding facial analysis, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the simulation for the learning process. For this, an interactive tutorial was developed and was adapted the Invivo5® computer program to serve as a simulated learning environment. Twenty students from the second year of Speech-Language Pathology at FOB/USP, who had completed the discipline \"Orofacial Myology II\", were randomly divided into groups experimental and control, and a third group, consisting of three experienced speech therapists in Orofacial Myology and facial analysis, which were submitted to calibration, participated in the study. All students received the interactive tutorial for study. The experimental group did the training of anthropometric facial measures in the Invivo5® program and the control group did it on each other. After the study and training, students and speech therapists evaluated the measurements of nine orofacial anthropometric measures of the same subject, twice. The results of the final evaluation and the execution time of the measurements were tabulated and submitted to the paired t-test, which showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups in any analysis. Just the measurement of the lower lip and the execution times of the procedures presented significance in the comparison between the groups of professionals with the students. On this, the development of an interactive tutorial and the adaptation of the Invivo5® simulation program served as technological tools for teaching facial analysis in Orofacial Myology. The effectiveness of the simulation was proven in the learning process, since the study did not show differences between traditional and simulated teaching methods, both being satisfactory for teaching.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:47:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatrickCAT_DISSERT.pdf: 4794202 bytes, checksum: 05088b21ff2be2b3c2ccec958e7e6b62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-03 / Logic courses represent a pedagogical challenge and the recorded number of cases of failures and of discontinuity in them is often high. Amont other difficulties, students face a cognitive overload to understand logical concepts in a relevant way. On that track, computational tools for learning are resources that help both in alleviating the cognitive overload scenarios and in allowing for the practical experimenting with theoretical concepts. The present study proposes an interactive tutorial, namely the TryLogic, aimed at teaching to solve logical conjectures either by proofs or refutations. The tool was developed from the architecture of the tool TryOcaml, through support of the communication of the web interface ProofWeb in accessing the proof assistant Coq. The goals of TryLogic are: (1) presenting a set of lessons for applying heuristic strategies in solving problems set in Propositional Logic; (2) stepwise organizing the exposition of concepts related to Natural Deduction and to Propositional Semantics in sequential steps; (3) providing interactive tasks to the students. The present study also aims at: presenting our implementation of a formal system for refutation; describing the integration of our infrastructure with the Virtual Learning Environment Moodle through the IMS Learning Tools Interoperability specification; presenting the Conjecture Generator that works for the tasks involving proving and refuting; and, finally to evaluate the learning experience of Logic students through the application of the conjecture solving task associated to the use of the TryLogic / A disciplina de L?gica representa um desa o tanto para docentes como para discentes, o que em muitos casos resulta em reprova??es e desist?ncias. Dentre as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos alunos est? a sobrecarga da capacidade cognitiva para compreender os conceitos l?gicos de forma relevante. Neste sentido, as ferramentas computacionais de aprendizagem s?o recursos que auxiliam a redu??o de cen?rios de sobrecarga cognitiva, como tamb?m permitem a experi?ncia pr?tica de conceitos te?ricos. O presente trabalho prop?e uma tutorial interativo chamado TryLogic, visando ao ensino da tarefa de Demonstra??o ou Refuta??o (DxR) de conjecturas l?gicas. Trata-se de uma ferramenta desenvolvida a partir da arquitetura do TryOcaml atrav?s do suporte de comunica??o da interface web ProofWeb para acessar o assistente de demonstra??o de teoremas Coq. Os objetivos do TryLogic s?o: (1) Apresentar um conjunto de li??es para aplicar estrat?gias heur?sticas de an?lise de problemas em L?gica Proposicional; (2) Organizar em passo-a-passo a exposi ??o dos conte?dos de Dedu??o Natural e Sem?ntica Proposicional de forma sequencial; e (3) Fornecer aos alunos tarefas interativas. O presente trabalho prop?e tamb?m apresentar a nossa implementa??o de um sistema formal de refuta??o; descrever a integra??o de nossa infraestrutura com o Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem Moodle atrav?s da especi ca??o IMS Learning Tools Interoperability ; apresentar o Gerador de Conjecturas de tarefas de Demonstra??o e Refuta??o e, por m, avaliar a experi?ncia da aprendizagem de alunos de L?gica atrav?s da aplica??o da tarefa de DxR em associa??o ? utiliza??o do TryLogic

A antropometria baseia-se na mensuração e análise quantitativa das variáveis dimensionais da morfologia humana e tem sido amplamente introduzida na clínica fonoaudiológica como método objetivo de análise facial. Por esta razão, torna-se de suma importância que alunos de graduação em Fonoaudiologia aprendam eficientemente essa técnica. A simulação tem sido muito utilizada como metodologia de ensino, por permitir a reprodução de uma situação real, facilitando o treinamento e o aprendizado de atividades práticas manuais, como é o caso das mensurações antropométricas orofaciais. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver e adaptar recursos tecnológicos para o ensino em Motricidade Orofacial, especificamente no que se refere à análise facial, e avaliar a efetividade da simulação para o processo de aprendizado. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um tutorial interativo e adaptado o programa de computador Invivo5®, para servir como ambiente de aprendizagem simulado. Participaram da pesquisa 20 alunos do 2º ano de graduação em Fonoaudiologia, que haviam concluído a disciplina Motricidade Orofacial II, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente nos grupos experimental e controle, e três fonoaudiólogos com experiência em Motricidade Orofacial e análise facial, que foram submetidos à calibração. Todos os alunos receberam o tutorial interativo para estudo. O grupo experimental fez o treinamento das medidas antropométricas faciais no programa Invivo5® e o grupo controle em indivíduos do próprio grupo. Após o estudo e treinamento, alunos e fonoaudiólogos fizeram a avaliação das mensurações de nove medidas antropométricas orofaciais de um mesmo sujeito, duas vezes. Os resultados da avaliação final e o tempo de execução das medidas, foram tabulados e submetidos ao Teste t pareado, o qual mostrou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos controle e experimental em nenhum análise. Apenas a medida do lábio inferior e o tempo de execução das medidas apresentaram significância na comparação do grupo dos profissionais com os alunos. Diante disso, o desenvolvimento de um tutorial interativo e a adaptação do programa Invivo5® para simulação foram utilizados como ferramentas tecnológicas para o ensino em Motricidade Orofacial, especificamente a análise facial. Foi comprovada a efetividade da simulação no processo de aprendizagem, uma vez que o estudo não apresentou diferenças entre os métodos de ensino tradicional e simulado, sendo ambos foram satisfatórios para o ensino. / Anthropometry is based on the measurement and quantitative analysis of the dimensional variables of human morphology and has been widely introduced in the Speech-Language practice as an objective method of facial analysis. For this reason, it is of the utmost importance that undergraduate students in Speech-Language Pathology learn this technique efficiently. Simulation has been commonly used as a teaching methodology, since it allows the reproduction of a real situation, facilitating the training and learning of practical manual activities, as the orofacial anthropometric measurements. The purpose of this study was to develop and adapt technological resources for teaching in Orofacial Myology, specifically regarding facial analysis, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the simulation for the learning process. For this, an interactive tutorial was developed and was adapted the Invivo5® computer program to serve as a simulated learning environment. Twenty students from the second year of Speech-Language Pathology at FOB/USP, who had completed the discipline \"Orofacial Myology II\", were randomly divided into groups experimental and control, and a third group, consisting of three experienced speech therapists in Orofacial Myology and facial analysis, which were submitted to calibration, participated in the study. All students received the interactive tutorial for study. The experimental group did the training of anthropometric facial measures in the Invivo5® program and the control group did it on each other. After the study and training, students and speech therapists evaluated the measurements of nine orofacial anthropometric measures of the same subject, twice. The results of the final evaluation and the execution time of the measurements were tabulated and submitted to the paired t-test, which showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the control and experimental groups in any analysis. Just the measurement of the lower lip and the execution times of the procedures presented significance in the comparison between the groups of professionals with the students. On this, the development of an interactive tutorial and the adaptation of the Invivo5® simulation program served as technological tools for teaching facial analysis in Orofacial Myology. The effectiveness of the simulation was proven in the learning process, since the study did not show differences between traditional and simulated teaching methods, both being satisfactory for teaching.

This thesis describes a research project aimed at improving the tracing skills of first-year programming students enrolled for an introductory C++ course at an open distance learning institution by means of a tutorial in the form of a program visualization tool to teach the students to draw variable diagrams. The research was based on the findings from the BRACElet project (Clear, Whalley, Robbins, Philpott, Eckerdal, Laakso & Lister, 2011). A design-based research methodology was followed. To guide the process of developing the tutorial, a framework of 26 guidelines for developing and using visualization tools to teach programming was synthesized from the literature on computing education research CER, educational psychology and computer graphics. Guidelines were supplemented with reasons or explanations for their recommendation and considerations to be taken into account when using a guideline. The framework was enhanced by lessons learnt during the development and testing of the tutorial. The tutorial was tested and refined during two implementation cycles. Both cycles included quantitative and qualitative investigations. All students registered for the introductory module received the tool with their study material. For the quantitative investigations, students completed a questionnaire after using the tutorial. Through the questionnaire biographical data was acquired, the manner in which students used the tutorial and how they experienced using it. The responses to the questionnaires were statistically analysed in combination with respondents’ final marks. The statistical modelling indicated that the students’ biographical properties (a combination of level of programming experience, marks obtained for Mathematics and English in matric and first-time registration for COS1511 or not), had the biggest impact on their final marks by far. During the qualitative investigations students were eye tracked in a Human-Computer Interaction laboratory. The gaze replays in both cycles revealed that students’ reading skills impacted largely on their success, connecting with the findings from the quantitative investigations. Reflections on why the tutorial did not achieve its purpose; and why poor reading skills may have such a strong effect on learning to program, contribute some theoretical understanding as to how novices learn to program. / Computer Science / D. Phil. (Computer Science)