En 1872, los ranqueles firmaron un tratado de paz con los misioneros y jefes militares de los puestos de frontera de la Pampa. Tal tratado sería el último en regular las relaciones entre los ranqueles, indígenas de la etnia mapuche, y los “cristianos” en la Pampa hasta 1879, cuando tropas argentinas invadieron el territorio y tomaron posesión del mismo. Un análisis de las cartas y otros documentos escritos de este período muestran que, en este contexto de comunicación intercultural, personas bilingües, los lenguaraces, desempeñaron un rol fundamental, aun cuando su participación en el proceso comunicativo pocas veces es explícito. El lenguaraz tenía la tarea de intermediar entre dos culturas valiéndose de sus conocimientos culturales, idiomáticos y expresivos. La teoría de los entornos de Eugenio Coseriu sirve para analizar en qué medida la participación de un traductor o intérprete, mencionado explícitamente u omitido, afectó e influyó en los textos orales y los documentos escritos. / In 1872 the Ranqueles signed a peace treaty with missionaries and military leaders on the frontier-post of the Pampa. This peace treaty will be the last document to regulate the relationship between the Ranqueles, indigenous peoples of Mapuche descent, and the “Christians” in the argentine Pampa until in 1879 argentine troops invade the territory and take possession of it. An analysis of letters and other written documents from this period shows, that in this environment of intercultural communication bilingual persons, lenguaraces, played a major part, even though their participation in the communicational process is not always noted. The lenguaraz had the task to interact between two cultures using his cultural, idiomatic and expressive knowledge. Eugenio Coseriu’s theory of surrounding fields is used here, to analyse how the participation of a translator, explicitly mentioned or omitted, has affected and found influence in the oral texts and written documents.

D.Phil. / Identity is a cognitive concept that describes “who I am”, and an important part of an individual’s identity is derived from shared social entities. However, as work and the work setting began playing prominent roles in most people’s social lives, the social identity derived from the working environment became the focus of several studies. It was, however, recognised that the locus of identification stretched beyond the organisation to other social phenomena available in the work setting. This finding encouraged a change of focus, which asserts that facets of work are sources of identification. The construct, work identity (WI), captures this extended understanding of social identity derived from work. There were also several research agendas about ways to strengthen or manipulate the relationship between employees and their work and/or workplace. Concepts such as work involvement, work commitment, work engagement, work centrality, and person-organisation fit represent this category of enquiry. As identity or identification was often mentioned in the definitions of these concepts, the concepts are perceived as WI-associated concepts. As several researchers recognised concept redundancy or concept contamination among the WI-associated concepts and between the WI-associated concepts and WI, further clarification of WI was needed. The purpose of this research project was to generate a model of the antecedents and consequences of WI in multicultural work settings. Conducting the research in a multicultural setting did not only test the theoretical ideas in a challenging context, but it contributed to a better understanding of employees from the research setting. The study used a cross-sectional field survey in order to gather responses from a convenience sample of employees from workplaces in Dubai. Data from 644 respondents was subjected to regression analysis and structural equation modelling. One characteristic of the dataset was the positively skewed distribution within some scales and significant disparity in the mean calculations of different nationality groups. Applying multiple regression to analyse and explore bivariate relationships, the data supported a positive relationship between job resources and WI. As an unexpected weak positive relationship between job demands and WI was also found, further research into the behaviour of job demands is required. A strong predictive relationship between WI and work engagement was indicated and a negative relationship between WI and turnover intentions was supported. Structural equation modelling identified a parsimonious model of WI in multicultural work settings which contained the concepts of job resources and job demands as antecedents of WI, with work engagement and turnover intentions as consequences of WI. The strength of causal relationships within this model was significantly affected by three moderator variables, namely level of education, age and, most strongly, by nationality. Therefore, although a stable covariance model was accepted, different nationality groups still processed the relationships between variables within the model in unique ways. Although WI manifested itself as a single-component structure in previous research that operationalised WI in the same way as this study, three facets of WI emerged here: work centrality, person-organisation fit, and value congruence. The different WI facets did not consistently relate to the antecedents or the consequences of WI in the same way. In addition, in response to findings of redundancy and contamination in previous studies, WI was found to be distinct from work engagement. This finding is a catalyst for future research to explore facets of WI and for researchers to revisit work engagement a consequence of WI and work engagement in multicultural work settings.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Multilingualism has always been a feature of South African Education. It is only in recent years that a particular form of linguistic diversity has become unmanageable for schools implementing the official English Afrikaans bilingual model associated with the previous regime. The subject of this study is a remedial language enrichment or support programme instituted as a response to multilingualism in the junior primary section in a parallel medium primary school in the Western Cape. / South Africa

This thesis is focused on cultural differences and their influence on the usage of marketing tools of specific companies in various markets. The thesis evaluates the effect of the cultural environment on companies' communications with consumers. There are analyzed American, Indian and Chinese websites of cosmetics company L'Oréal and websites of selected brands of consumer cosmetics that come under L'Oréal. In the second part the German, Indian and Chinese catalogues of cosmetics company Oriflame are analyzed. Analysis of selected marketing tools of both companies is mainly based on findings of Geert Hofstede and the studies that follow-up his work and also on findings of Edward. T. Hall. The analysis revealed that both companies have shortages in the adaptation of usage of marketing tools in different cultural environment. Therefore, a proposal of conception that could help to eliminate the shortages and provide a better adaptation of marketing tools in different cultural environment was recommended.

M.A. (Information Science) / The potential formative value of children's literature has repeatedly been proven by research. A child's perception of society is shaped early and the beneficial contribution of literature in bringing about a framework of awareness and understanding about society, cannot be denied. South African society is pre-eminently multicultural - a fact which is reflected in the rich diversity of ethnic groups, cultures, languages and creeds. A given political policy compelled the different ethnic groups in South Africa to live in separate areas, under divergent circumstances. This resulted in a deeply divided South African society in which alienation, distrust and conflict still prevail. However, fundamental changes are occurring in political, socio-economic and educational spheres. Amidst all of these changes, the South African child has to establish and enhance a cultural identity of its own. Secondly, a broadened South African identity must be attained. There is doubt whether the children of South Africa are equipped to cope with this new phase into which South African society is entering. The value of multicultural children's literature and.its potential to bring about understanding and acceptance with regard to the rich cultural diversity in South African society, offers a field of research which up to now has not been explored in South Africa...

Master's thesis on Intercultural Training in Business Practice deals with the intercultural communication, opportunities for its improvement through intercultural training and actual practices in czech companies when using it. The theoretical part defines the concepts of culture, intercultural communication and intercultural training. The practical part includes research in firms in the czech market through a survey and case study in a chosen company. Based on the findings, the last part of the thesis includes proposals, how should companies use intercultural training and what are their options including a summary of their main advantages and limitations.

No description available.

African international students continue to remain one of the least represented and studied groups of international students. In addition to the acculturative stress typically experienced by international students, African students inherit the marginalization of their racial/ethnic group in the United States. As such, scholars acknowledge the need for continued research into the experiences of African international students. Utilizing the Integrative Theory of Communication and Cross- Cultural Adaptation and elements of postcolonialism, this thesis explored the experiences of 10 African students in the United States. A qualitative analysis revealed that host receptivity, perceived cultural differences, expectations, and language/accents influenced intercultural communication. The challenges experienced in intercultural interactions allowed for the emergence of an intercultural identity such that the participants existed in a third space as intercultural Africans. This thesis adds to existing research on cross-cultural adaptation and negotiated identity, while also providing practical implications for schools. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (MA)--Florida Atlantic University, 2021. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This research presents practitioners' insights on the concepts, theories, models, assessments tools, and other training practices that are currently considered when creating a two-day predeparture intercultural training (ICT) specifically for Americans departing for at least a one-year international assignment. This study reports data gathered by using a web-based survey that was completed by 25 practitioners from the intercultural communication field who provide predeparture ICT. The current literature in the field of ICT is presented as well as a sample outline of a two-day predeparture ICT program based on the results of this study and the literature. The outline indicates the primary content elements, one possible sequencing of such a program, as well as descriptions of how the elements are delivered and what tools are used to support the delivery. The motivation for this study was to provide a bridge between theory and practice in the field of ICT as there is an abundance of literature regarding the theory of the field, but very little has been written about how practitioners are employing the theories in their work.

This thesis explores the effects of intervening in the learning of study abroad students via a class called Skills for International Management. It looks specifically at the development of intercultural competencies, and compares two different methods of assessing those outcomes. Thirty-four study abroad students participating in an international management class in Italy were given pre- and post-tests using The Global Competencies Inventory. Qualitative data were gathered using a reflection paper that the students wrote at the end of the semester. The results showed that the qualitative data were better at reflecting what the students learned, while the quantitative results reflected a slight increase in Overall Global Competency for the group. The results confirmed that intervening in the learning of study abroad students during their sojourn positively impacts their overall levels of intercultural competency and they also supported the contention that multiple assessment methods should be used to assess study abroad learning outcomes.