Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-09T16:02:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cinara Souza de Oliveira_.pdf: 6076965 bytes, checksum: 49100f247c5d8c407a67a4c02d3903e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T16:02:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cinara Souza de Oliveira_.pdf: 6076965 bytes, checksum: 49100f247c5d8c407a67a4c02d3903e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-20 / Nenhuma / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo comparar economicamente o pavimento de concreto asfáltico e de blocos intertravados de concreto na pavimentação urbana da Avenida Severo Dullius, considerando os custos das soluções propostas pelos métodos. A avenida em estudo é uma das principais vias radiais que compõe o anel viário que dá acesso ao Aeroporto Internacional Salgado Filho, é tida como essencial dentro do plano de mobilidade urbana do município de Porto Alegre/RS, localizada em zona urbana alagadiça, com subleito constituído de solos de baixo poder de suporte e tráfego comercial pesado. O dimensionamento foi realizado para um trecho 2,3 Km e, contou com estudos geotécnicos, com intuito de caracterizar física e mecanicamente o solo do subleito, considerou-se a contagem e classificação do tráfego atuante na via. Em seguida, foi analisado o comportamento estrutural desses pavimentos urbanos na referida situação e apresentados os métodos construtivos adequados e recomendados. Aplicou-se para o pavimento em concreto asfáltico o método de dimensionamento de pavimento flexíveis – DNER atual DNIT, e para o bloco intertravado de concreto empregou-se o método da ABCP (1998). Para permitir a comparação técnica e financeira entre os pavimentos, foram consideradas suas características estruturais e os respectivos períodos de projetos. Contabilizaram-se os custos da implantação e da conservação. Com os orçamentos disponíveis, efetuou-se uma comparação de serviços com o objetivo de identificar sua viabilidade econômica, propondo o assim o pavimento adequado para a via selecionada. Concluiu-se que para este estudo a utilização do bloco intertravado de concreto como solução final em função do custo comparado, apresentou-se uma economia de 16,93% no custo final da implantação, portanto economicamente mais vantajosa em relação ao concreto asfáltico. Diante disto, concluiu-se também, que uma análise econômica de um pavimento rodoviário, deve-se sempre abordar todos os custos e benefícios pertinentes, considerando todas as fases de sua implantação. / This dissertation aims to compare economically the asphalt concrete and interlocking concrete blocks in the urban paving of Severo Dullius Avenue, considering the costs of the solutions proposed by the methods. The avenue under study is one of the main radial roads that makes up the ring road that accesses the Salgado Filho International Airport, and it is considered imperative to the urban mobility plan of the city of Porto Alegre / RS, located in and urban swamp area, with subsoil consisting of low support power soils and heavy commercial traffic. The sizing was carried out for a 2.3 km stretch, and it was based on geotechnical studies in order to physically and mechanically characterize the subsoil soil, considering the counting and classification of the traffic acting on the road. Next, the structural behavior of these urban pavements in the mentioned situation was analyzed and the suitable and recommended construction methods were presented. The method of sizing of flexible pavement – DNER current DNIT was applied to the asphaltic pavement, and the ABCP (1998) method was used for the interlocked block of concrete. In order to allow the technical and financial comparison between the floors, their structural characteristics and the respective project periods were considered. The costs of implementation and conservation were taken into account. With the budgets available, a comparison of services was carried out in order to identify their economic viability, thus proposing the adequate pavement for the selected route. It was concluded for this study that, as a final solution, the use of the interlocked concrete block compared with the concrete, showed a saving of 16,93% in the final cost of the implantation, thus economically more advantageous in relation to the asphalt concrete. In view of this, it was also concluded that an economic analysis of a road pavement should always address all relevant costs and benefits, considering all phases of its implementation.

A novel way to ensure stability of mortarless structures – topological interlocking – is examined. In this type of interlocking the overall shape and arrangement of the building blocks are chosen in such a way that the movement of each block is prevented by its neighbours. (The methodological roots of topological interlocking can be found in two ancient structures: the arch and the dry stone wall.) The topological interlocking proper is achieved by two types of blocks: simple convex forms such as the Platonic solids (tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron and icosahedron) that allow plate-like assemblies and specially engineered shapes of the block surfaces that also allow assembling corners. An important example of the latter – so-called Osteomorphic block – is the main object of this research with some insight being provided by numerical modelling of plates assembled from tetrahedra and cubes in the interlocking position. The main structural feature of the interlocking assemblies is the need of the peripheral constraint (for the Osteomorphic blocks this requirement can be relaxed to uni-directional constraint) to keep their integrity. We studied the least visible constraint structure – internal pre-stressed cables which run through pre-fabricated holes in Osteomorphic blocks. It is shown that the pre-stressed steel cables can provide the necessary constraint force without creating appreciable residual stresses in the cables, however the points of connection of the cables are the weakest points and need special treatment. The main mechanical feature of the interlocking structures is the absence of block bonding. As a result, the blocks have a certain freedom of translational and rotational movement (within the kinematic constraints of the assembly) and their contacts have reduced shear stresses which hampers fracture propagation from one block to another. These features pre-determine the specific ways the interlocking assemblies behave under mechanical and dynamic impacts. These were studied in this project and the following results are reported. As the blocks in the interlocking structure are not connected, the main issue is the bearing capacity. The study of the least favourable, central point loading in the direction normal to the structure shows elevated large-scale fracture toughness (resistance to fracture propagation). However when the central force imposes considerable bending the generated tensile membrane stresses assist fracturing of the loaded block. Prevention of bending considerably enhances the strength therefore the most efficient application of the interlocking structures would be in protective coatings and covers. Furthermore, proper selection of the material properties and the interface friction can increase the system overall strength and bearing capacity. The results of the computer simulations suggest that both Young’s modulus and the friction coefficient are the key parameters whose increase improves the bearing capacity of topologically interlocking assemblies.

Die Eisenbahnsicherungstechnik ist eines der wenigen technischen Fachgebiete, die bis heute überwiegend national geprägt sind. Ausgangspunkt der Dissertation sind vergleichende Betrachtungen zur Bahnsicherungstechnik auf internationaler Ebene. Die Dissertation stellt Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in den Technologien heraus und führt diese auf gemeinsame Anforderungen zurück. / Railway signalling is one of the few technical fields which are still considered mainly on a national level. The basis for these doctoral thesis is an extensive comparison of railway signalling on an international level. The doctoral thesis point out main commons and differences of signalling and interlocking worldwide, and bases them on common requirements.

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-03T20:24:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Humberto Rodrigues Mariano - 2014.pdf: 3420904 bytes, checksum: df2e12effb9611d6dd21028e365b4b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-04T13:57:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Humberto Rodrigues Mariano - 2014.pdf: 3420904 bytes, checksum: df2e12effb9611d6dd21028e365b4b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-04T13:57:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Humberto Rodrigues Mariano - 2014.pdf: 3420904 bytes, checksum: df2e12effb9611d6dd21028e365b4b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-10 / Rapid urbanization in Brazil produces significant impacts on the quality of life. Rains have been one of the main problems faced by managers of the environment due to the sealing of large areas in cities. This work aims to develop of permeable interlocki ng flooring that can be used in many types of flooring, such as in outdoor areas of homes, plazas, parking lots, roads and pedestrian routes traffic light vehicle traffic. The study examined the permeability of concrete made from gneiss rock with grain size rema ins in diameters (4.75, 6.3 and 9.5) mm and (4.75 and 6.3) mm and uniform particle size of 6.3 mm and 9.5 mm mortar with varying content of 30%, 33%, 35%, 40%, 42% a nd 44%. Compressive strength mortar with content of 30%, 33%, 35%, 40%, 42%, 44% and 55% and abrasion resistance with mortar content of 40%, 42%, 44% and 55%. After analyzing the results of the tests, the concrete produced with mortar content of 42% and continuous particle size of (4.75, 6.3 and 9.5) mm which was attended abrasion resistance based on NBR 12041, the compressive strength based on NBR 9781 and permeability according to standard ACI 522 to R 06 interlocked with permeable concrete floor. / A urbanização acelerada no Brasil produz impactos significativos quanto à qualidade de vida. As chuvas têm sido um dos principais problemas enfrentados pelos gestores do meio ambiente devido à impermeabilização de grandes áreas nas cidades. Este trabalho tem como finalidade o desenvolvimento de um piso intertravado permeável que possa ser utilizado em diversos tipos de pavimentações, tais como em áreas externas de residências, praças, estacionamentos, vias de tráfego de pedestres e vias de tráfego de veículos leves. O estudo analisou a permeabilidade em concretos produzidos com rocha gnaisse com granulometria continua nos diâmetros de (4,75; 6,3 e 9,5) mm e (4,75 e 6,3) mm e com granulometria uniforme de 6,3 mm e 9,5 mm com teor de argamassa variando em 30%, 33%, 35%, 40%, 42% e 44%. Resistência à compressão com teor de argamassa de 30%, 33%, 35%, 40%, 42%, 44% e 55% e resistência à abrasão com teor de argamassa de 40%, 42%, 44% e 55%. Após análise dos resultados dos ensaios, o concreto produzido com teor de argamassa de 42% e granulometria contínua de (4,75; 6,3 e 9,5) mm foi o que atendeu à resistência à abrasão baseado na norma NBR 12041, à resistência à compressão baseada na norma NBR 9781 e a permeabilidade de acordo com a norma ACI 522 R- 06 para piso intertravado com concreto permeável.

Dentre a vasta gama de alternativas estruturais possíveis para a construção de pavimentos, os revestimentos com blocos pré-moldados de concreto têm sua aplicação consolidada em pavimentação de áreas portuárias. Além disso, em muitos países, este tipo de pavimento tem sido utilizado com sucesso em aplicações rodoviárias, aeroportuárias, em pátios industriais e em demais aplicações para tráfegos veiculares e de pedestres. No Brasil, no entanto, devido a insucessos em sua utilização, motivados, muitas vezes, pela inobservância de parâmetros técnicos relevantes a essa tecnologia, contribuíram para que este tipo de pavimento tenha sido subutilizado. Todavia, as recentes revisões nas normas nacionais que tratam deste tema, a criação de novas normatizações e a recente construção de importantes rodovias utilizando este tipo de revestimento, contribuem para o aperfeiçoamento de profissionais e a diminuição do prejulgamento desta tecnologia. Neste sentido, é de suma importância estudar o comportamento estrutural e funcional deste tipo de pavimento. De modo que, neste trabalho, foram estudadas quatro seções de dois trechos experimentais construídos entre julho e setembro de 2010. Foram realizadas avaliações destrutivas e não destrutivas para análise dos materiais, suas espessuras e confronto com os parâmetros construtivos oriundos do projeto e da literatura, bem como a verificação das condições para realização de retroanálise dos módulos de resiliência das camadas do pavimento. Os levantamentos deflectométricos apresentaram patamares muito elevados de deflexões reversíveis em todas as seções estudadas. Das aberturas de cavas e confronto com a estrutura de projeto, verificou-se incompatibilidades entre os materiais e espessuras das camadas do pavimento projetado x pavimento construído, destacando-se a condição verificada na camada de base por apresentar significativa desagregação do material, cujo projeto indicava utilização de concreto compactado com rolo (CCR), o que evidencia problemas no controle tecnológico dos materiais e falhas no gerenciamento da obra. Por meio das retroanálises foram verificadas diminuições significativas dos módulos de resiliência das camadas do pavimento, quando comparado com os parâmetros de projeto. Os índices de condições do pavimento (ICP) apontaram condições distintas nas seções avaliadas mesmo sujeitas ao mesmo tráfego de veículos. / Among the wide range of possible structural alternatives for the construction of pavements, interlocking concrete pavements are the orthodox solution for paving ports. Furthermore, in many countries, this type of pavement has been successfully used in highways, airport applications, in industrial areas and other applications for vehicular traffic and pedestrians. In Brazil, however, due to failures in its use, driven often by the lack of relevant technical parameters to this technology, contributed to the fact that this type of pavement has been misused. Although, recent reviews from the national standards that deal with this type of pavement, the creation of new standards and the recent construction of important highways using this type of structure, have contributed to the improvement of professionals and decreased the prejudice of this technology. In this sense, it is extremely important to study the structural and functional behavior of this type of pavement. Therefore, in this research it was studied two experimental sections built between July and September 2010 that carried out destructive and nondestructive evaluations for the analysis of materials, their thicknesses and constructive confrontation with the parameters derived from the project and the literature, as well verifying the conditions to accomplish the back calculation of the elastic modulus of the pavement layers. The displacement tests surveys demonstrated very high levels of reversible displacements in all studied sections. From the inspection pits openings and confrontation with the project structure, there is incompatibility between the materials and thicknesses of the layers of the designed pavement versus constructed pavement, the condition verified highlighting the base layer for introducing significant breakdown of the material, which design indicated use of roller-compacted concrete (RCC), which indicates problems in the quality control of materials and failures in the management. The back calculation showed that decreases were observed elastic modulus of the pavement layers when compared with the design parameters. Surveys concerning pavement condition index (PCI) showed different conditions for the evaluated sections even supporting the same traffic.

The goal of this dissertation thesis is to expand the current knowledge in the area of corporate governance in the Czech Republic. The document consists of several parts. First, a brief introduction to the field of corporate governance is provided. The introduction is followed by the analysis of the data sample in the context of corporate governance, and the search for a potential relationship between the implementation of the principles of corporate governance and financial performance of companies. The next part offers a theoretical introduction to the theory of networks with an emphasis on social and economic networks. In the final part, the empirical network of interlocking directorates in the Czech Republic is presented. The discussion is focused on the structure of the network and its comparison with structures in real business environment in the Czech Republic, and with similar networks from other countries.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-15T18:58:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação-FINAL-ALCANTARA-(2015).pdf: 5450939 bytes, checksum: 48870216bb757bd8e071283661594dc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T18:58:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação-FINAL-ALCANTARA-(2015).pdf: 5450939 bytes, checksum: 48870216bb757bd8e071283661594dc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-28 / CAPES / Peças de concreto intertravadas para pavimentação (pavers) coloridas com pigmento de óxido de ferro (vermelho) são utilizadas em projetos de urbanização. Entretanto, esse tipo de pigmento, além de encarecer de 20 a 30% o valor das peças, prejudica as propriedades dos concretos secos moldados sob vibrocompressão. Diante disso, propõe-se incorporar resíduo de cerâmica vermelha (RCV) como matiz colorimétrica em prol da redução de pigmento em pavers coloridos, tendo em vista também a possibilidade de melhoria de suas propriedades por efeitos filler e pozolânico. A fim de investigar o efeito do pigmento e do RCV no compósito estudado, as formulações foram: (a) traço padrão pelo método de dosagem da ABCP para blocos e pavers; (b) adição de pigmento ao traço padrão (2% e 4%); (c) substituição da areia média pelo RCV no traço padrão (50%, 75% e 100%); (d) adição de RCV ao traço padrão (20%, 30%, 40% e 50%); (e) adição de pigmento (2%) e RCV concomitantemente ao traço padrão (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 100% e 150%). Para todos os traços (exceto aqueles das formulações de substituição), foi feita a correção do consumo de cimento em relação ao traço padrão. Resistência à compressão, absorção de água e resistência à abrasão foram avaliadas de acordo com a norma NBR 9781:2013; além disso, foi realizada uma avaliação das cores dos compósitos desenvolvidos por inspeção visual. Pastas de cimento vibroprensadas com baixa relação água-cimento (padrão, 3% pigmento, 15% RCV e 3% pigmento – 15% RCV) também foram moldadas para avaliações de cunho microestrutural, cristalográfico e de análise térmica das reações de hidratação dos sistemas. O traço padrão foi 1:2,29:1,76:0,95 (cimento:areia média:areia muita grossa:pedrisco) com relação água-materiais secos 0,80. De uma maneira geral, adições de apenas pigmento (2% e 4%) reduziram em até 73% a resistência à compressão do paver padrão cinza (sem adições). Redução nos produtos de hidratação (CH e C-S-H) foram observadas. As substituições de areia média pelo RCV também foram prejudiciais a esse sistema. Já as adições de apenas RCV, bem como as de RCV concomitantemente com pigmento foram positivas em ganhos ou manutenção de propriedades (resistência à compressão, absorção de água, resistência à abrasão e cor) em relação ao paver padrão colorido (4% de pigmento), destacando-se a formulação 2% de pigmento e 50% de RCV. Assim, a adição de RCV é uma possibilidade técnica promissora, sustentável e economicamente viável na fabricação de pavers avermelhados. / Concrete interlocking blocks colored with pigment iron oxide (red) are used in urbanization projects. However, that kind of pigment increases around 20 to 30% the value of the pavers, as well as affect the properties of the dry concrete molded by vibrocompression. Therefore, it is proposed to incorporate red ceramic waste (RCW) as colorimetric hue in order of pigment content reduction in colored pavers, considering also the possibility of improving their properties by filler and pozzolanic effect. In order to investigate the effect of pigment and RCW in the studied composite, the formulations were: (a) reference paver designed by ABCP method for blocks and pavers; (B) adding pigment to the reference paver (2% and 4%); (C) substitution of medium sand by RCW in the reference paver (50%, 75% and 100%); (D) adding RCW in the reference paver (20%, 30%, 40% and 50%); (E) addition of pigment (2%) and RCW concurrently in the reference paver (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 100% and 150%). For all mixtures (except those of replacement formulations), it was made the correction in cement consumption related to the reference mix proportion. Compressive strength, water absorption and abrasion resistance were measured according to the ABNT NBR 9781: 2013 standards; besides that, the color and texture of all manufactured formulations were observed by visual inspection. Cement pastes made by vibrocompression with low water-cement ratio (reference paste, 3% pigment, 15% RCW and 3% pigment RCW - 15% RCW) were also molded for microstructural, crystallographic and thermal analysis of systems hydration reactions. The reference mix proportion was 1:2.29:1.76:0.95 (cement: medium sand: thick sand: gravel) with ratio water-dry material 0.80. In general, additions of only pigment (2% and 4%) up to 73% reduced the compressive strength of the reference paver (no additions). Reduction in hydration products (C-S-H and CH) was observed. The substitution formulations of medium sand by RCW were also harmful to the systems. Additions of only RCW and RCW concomitantly with pigment were positive in gains or maintaining of properties (compressive strength, water absorption resistance and abrasion resistance) compared to the reference colored paver (4% pigment), especially the formulation of 2% pigment and 50% RCW. Thus, the addition of RCW is a promising, economic and sustainable technique in the production of red pavers.

This thesis investigates the tensile performance of unconfined lap splices in specimens constructed from interlocking compressed earth block (ICEB) units. All lap splice specimens were constructed from hollow ICEB half units with one side grouting channel. ICEB units used in this research were exclusively produced from the Soeng Thai Model BP6 block press. The BP6 block press is currently manufactured in Thailand under the guidance and direction of the Center of Vocational Building Technologies (CVBT). All ICEB units and grout constructed for this research were created from mix proportions of soil, sand, cement, and water. Rebar bar sizes were restricted to M10 (#3) and M13 (#4) for all lap splice specimens due to the limited area of the hollow 2-inch diameter rebar cavity of the ICEB unit. The limited size and strength of the ICEB units also made the use of larger bar diameters impractical. Three ICEB unit types of varying strengths (3.78 MPa, 7.81 MPa, and 11.38 MPa) and three grout types of varying strengths (1.35 MPa, 7.47 MPa, and 15.50 MPa) were developed and used to construct all specimens. The measured ICEB lap splice specimen strengths were compared against the predicted strength calculated from the Masonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC). Findings suggested that the MSJC design equation did not adequately predict the lap splice strength of specimens, particularly for specimens constructed from weaker materials. The measured ICEB lap splice results were used to create a new ICEB lap splice design equation. This paper also investigates the compressive performance of fully grouted ICEB prisms constructed from the range of ICEB unit and grout strengths stated above. Findings suggested that the compressive strength of fully grouted ICEB prisms were exclusively controlled by the compressive strength of the ICEB units used to construct the prism. The strength of the grout had no discernable effect on the strength of the fully grouted prism. A design equation was proposed to calculate prism strengths based on measured strength results of ICEB units.

Automated tests have become the most sought after method of testing in today’s market. Automating systems is generally found to be cheaper, faster and more reliable than manually operating them. For this reason many companies decide to make the switch over to this inexpensive yet efficient way of testing, only to realize that their costs have in fact gone up. The reasons for this could be poor planning, automating too much too soon or even automating unnecessary parts of the system. This study takes a closer look at the effects of automating tests used on interlocking systems. A tool has been developed as a part of the automated tests at Bombardier. The main function of the tool is to speed up the testing process by automatically generating test cases rather than having a worker write them down. The aim of this paper is to present this recently developed tool and show how its use significantly reduces testing time, costs and workload compared to the manual tests used today.

In this thesis, Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman and Michel Faber’s Under the Skin are analysed from the perspective of feminist-vegetarian critical theory. Both texts deal with the idea of feeling like or being meat, but approach this idea from different angles. In The Edible Woman, the connection to feeling like meat is metaphorical and rooted in gender relations, while in Under the Skin, it is literal, related to the idea of being animal. What becomes clear through an analysis of these two texts is that they both deal with the interlocking oppressions of women and animals. In The Edible Woman, protagonist Marian loses her subjectivity and stops eating meat when, as a result of the dynamics of her relationship with her boyfriend (later fiancé), she starts identifying with animals that are hunted or eaten. In Under the Skin, the alien protagonist Isserley, as female, non-human and in her natural form looking like a kind of mammal, represents both women and animals in her objectifying returned gaze on human men. Examining these two texts together highlights the interlocking nature of patriarchy and speciesism, and shows how these oppressions are better understood in relation to each other.