This is the second of three reports produced for the Intermountain Power Project Native American cultural heritage resource study conducted by Richard Stoffle and members of the University of Wisconsin -Parkside Applied Urban Field School for Applied Conservation Technology, Inc. This report focuses on Southern Paiute cultural resources within the Nevada section of the Intermountain Power Project. This report analyzes what value members of Native American groups historically present in southern Nevada place upon cultural resources that may be adversely affected by construction of the proposed transmission line and associated structures. It does so by describing specific concerns expressed by contemporary Native Americans, and by presenting an ethnohistorical analysis of how intergroup relations and forced Native American demographic and cultural changes have contributed to shaping contemporary values, perceptions and attitudes. The project also conveys Native American recommendations for mitigating adverse impacts of the proposed construction upon their cultural heritage.

This is the first of three reports produced for the Intermountain Power Project Native American cultural heritage resource study conducted by Richard Stoffle and members of the University of Wisconsin -Parkside Applied Urban Field School for Applied Conservation Technology, Inc. This report focuses on Southern Paiute cultural resources within theUtah section of the Intermountain Power Project. This report analyzes what value members of Native American groups historically present in Utah place upon cultural resources that may be adversely affected by construction of the proposed transmission line and associated structures. It does so by describing specific concerns expressed by contemporary Native Americans, and by presenting an ethnohistorical analysis of how intergroup relations and forced Native American demographic and cultural changes have contributed to shaping contemporary values, perceptions and attitudes. The project also conveys Native American recommendations for mitigating adverse impacts of the proposed construction upon their cultural heritage.

This study was conducted by Cultural Systems Research, Incorporated (CSRI) for Applied Conservation Technology, Incorporated (ACT). This study has been conducted to determine which Native American groups traditionally used the area through which the Intermountain Power Agency (IPA) proposes to construct the California portion of the Intermountain -Adelanto Bipole Transmission Line, a component of the Intermountain Power Project (IPP); to determine what value these groups place on cultural resources which might be disturbed by the construction of the transmission line and associated structures; and to convey their recommendations for the mitigation of these impacts. The results of the study are intended to enable the IPA to comply with requirements of various state and federal agencies with respect to this component of the IPP. The study area for this project was an area measuring 100 feet (30 m) on either side of the center line of the right -of -way for the proposed transmission line that was proposed to run from the California- Nevada border to the vicinity of Victorville, California. The Native American groups who traditionally used the area through which the proposed IPP right -of -way would pass include the Southern Paiute, the Mojave, the Vanyume /Serrano, and the Kawaiisu. Members of various other groups have travelled through the area, and used it from time to time.

The Home Economics Program of Intermountain School in Brigham City, Utah was studied by a survey of graduates of the program of the year 1968. Research data was obtained from two sources: (1) a questionnaire to students who had graduated from the Home Economics Programs of Intermountain School in Brigham City in the year 1968, and (2) a questionnaire to employers of these students. Findings of the study were that Home Economics education is useful to students in their personal life as well as in post high school training and employment and that a majority of the employers questioned rated graduates' preparation for work satisfactory. Many suggestions were made by graduates and their employers for improvements and additions to Home Economics and Preparation for Work programs.

This thesis evaluates mission scenarios using the existing Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles for delivering the Crew Exploration Vehicle to the International Space Station. The Space Shuttle is scheduled to retire in the year 2011 and the Ares I is being developed to replace it. With its current schedule, the earliest that the Ares I will become fully operational is 2016. The configurations in this thesis are presented to narrow the gap in which the USA does not have direct access to the International Space Station. They also present "buy down" options for the USA human space operations, if the current development issues of the Ares I cause it to not become operational at all. The three Launch options presented are the Atlas V HLV, the Delta IV Heavy, and the Delta IV with three common core boosters as the first stage and the Orion service module to be used as the second stage. The first configuration, the Atlas V HLV requires significant impulse from the Orion service module in order to reach the final International Space Station orbit. The second option, the Delta IV Heavy, launches the Orion as a passive payload and requires no impulsive maneuvering from the service module in order to reach the International Space Station orbit. The third configuration, the Delta IV Heavy with three common core boosters as the first stage, and the Orion spacecraft acting as the second stage, requires significant impulse from Orion's service module engine to achieve the International Space Station orbit. After final orbit insertion all three configurations still have sufficient propellent for de-orbit and re-entry.The third configuration has a certain appeal, by eliminating the second stage only the common core booster on the Delta IV Heavy system need be human-rated. Finally, reliability and development cost assessments are presented and compared to the Ares I.

Straddling the Continental Divide, from the Chuska Mountains to the San Juan and Little Colorado rivers, mostly in Arizona, but partly in New Mexico and Utah, lies 23,574 square miles of desert; home to the estimate l75 to 90 thousand Navajo Indians. Unable to more than eke out a bare existence in a barren land where almost 30 acres of range are needed to sustain one sheep, unprepared after generations of isolation and neglect to leave this reservation for areas where a descend standard of living can be had, the Navajos, since 1950, have been the object of a "crash" program of rehabilitation by the United states Government.

Advances in drilling technology and increasing resource prices contributed to a boom in oil and natural gas production in the Western U.S. in the first decade of the 2000s. Following the boom, a strain of state-level legislation emerged calling for the transfer of federal lands to the states. A justification for the proposed transfers is the claim that state management will responsibly increase oil and gas production levels currently held back by federal regulations and management. However, a substantial literature indicates that dependence on mineral wealth can be a problematic economic development strategy resulting in slower growth and other undesirable socioeconomic outcomes. Using geological variation in oil and gas abundance in the Intermountain West, this study examined the effects of resource abundance on county wage levels and growth rates over the period 1990 to 2010. Areas of oil and gas abundance were further classified by federal, state, and private surface land ownership to examine institutional ownership effects on wage levels and growth rates. Overall oil and gas abundance was shown to have a positive impact on wage levels and growth rates, while institutional ownerships were found to have significantly differing effects on county wages. State ownership was usually associated with higher wage levels and growth rates than federal ownership, likely due to a lengthy permitting process for drilling on federal lands. Private ownership had insignificant effects on local wages, likely due to absentee ownership. The results provide no evidence of a ‘curse of natural resources’ in the region and lend a modicum of support to state land transfer bills.

Due to end users irrigating with excess water, water conservation of turfgrass can make a large impact in urban water conservation by reducing water applied while still maintaining visual appearance. This study was conducted to determine if Kentucky bluegrass (Poapratensis L.) can be deficit irrigated to maintain minimum acceptable appearance while conserving water. The study investigated water stress in terms of stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index, leaf temperature and predawn leaf water potential at the point of water stress, or where visual quality no longer meets expectations during dry down conditions. Water use was measured over well established Kentucky bluegrass with an eddy covariance system that was validated with soil water measurements. Turfgrass was irrigated at 80% of reference evapotranspiration based on allowable depletion of 12 mm of soil water during growing season that was considered to be well-watered. Two dry downs were conducted over a two-year period (early and late summer). Turfgrass was allowed to dry down without irrigation until visual quality reached the minimum acceptable points (score ≤ 6). During drying periods, visual rating, chlorophyll index, predawn leaf water potential, and leaf temperature with stomatal conductance rapidly decreased once stomatal conductance fell to approximately half of well-watered levels. Both soil water content and evapotranspiration had weak correlation with stomatal conductance; however, stomatal conductance tended to have higher correlation with the change in soil moisture than with the change in crop evapotranspiration. Soil water use and eddy covariance data in terms of crop evapotranspiration had high correlation. The plant water use factor ranged from around 0.8 to 1.1 under well-watered condition corresponding to visual rating from 7 to 9. At the minimum acceptable point of visual rating, which is 5.5 to 6, the plant factor ranged from 0.65 to 0.87. This value of plant factor is quite high at this point. Even when Kentucky bluegrass went below acceptable visual quality, the grass still used significant amounts of water with the plant factor value ranging from 0.6 to 0.8. The data suggested that deficit irrigation cannot be applied with Kentucky bluegrass in the Intermountain West area.

Late Period (<1500 >years), high-altitude (>2600 m asl) archaeological sites in northwestern Wyoming prove difficult to date with traditional methods. The presence of Intermountain Ware ceramics at these sites presents an opportunity to use single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) to date vessel manufacture. These OSL ages also date site occupation as the vessels’ use-life is encapsulated within the standard error of the technique. This thesis develops a protocol to date quartz temper of Intermountain Ware sherds. Additionally, it investigates potential post-depositional thermal resetting of luminescence signals by wildfires. Ceramic sherd samples were obtained from four sites in northwestern Wyoming: Boulder Ridge, High Rise Village, Caldwell Creek, and Platt. Each site, except Caldwell Creek, has existing radiocarbon ages that provide independent age control. Additionally, all sites except Platt were impacted by past wildfires of varying intensity and consequently provide a test of the thermal resetting capabilities of wildfires.The Platt site is also the only site not located at high altitude and therefore, the sample from this site serves as a control in this study. Luminescence results demonstrate single-grain OSL dating of quartz temper from Intermountain Ware ceramics can provide improved accuracy and precision over radiocarbon dating when sherds are not adversely affected by wildfires. These results underscore the need for cultural resource managers to sample from subsurface contexts when inventorying sites impacted by high-intensity wildfires or to locate and identify sites with strong potential for high-intensity wildfires and date them prior to eventual burning. These results also validate single-grain OSL dating of ceramic temper as a valuable chronometric tool for cultural resource managers and archaeologists seeking to build and refine existing site and regional chronologies.

The objective of this study was to investigate a population of identified inhalant users at Intermountain Intertribal School, comparing and contrasting two user groups to a control group of nonusers on a number of selected research variables. The subjects included 42 identified inhalant users. Subjects were further classified into two user groups: one-time users and repeat users, and 20 nonusers. The nonuser group comprised the control group. Each subject was individually interviewed and administered the research and data collection instruments. In addition, other essential information was taken from permanent school records. A one-way analysis of variance was computed to ascertain the relationship between group membership and 11 selected research variables. A discriminant function analysis was computed to determine differences in the 11 research variables as well as to classify and predict group membership. A descriptive analysis of a questionnaire was also reported. Statistically significant differences were found among the three research groups on six of the 11 variables. The discriminant function correctly classified 72% of the subjects, and analysis of the group centroids indicated that the greatest distinctions among the groups were between the nonuser group and the repeat user group. The data present a pattern of inhalant use similar to other populations. The importance of early identification and treatment as well as preventative programs is discussed. Implications of the study and recommendations for further research were made.