Orientador: Carlos Roberto Grandini / Banca: Alfredo Gonçalves Cunha / Banca: Paulo Noronha Lisboa Filho / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Resumo: Desde a descoberta dos supercondutores com alta Tc, vários trabalhos têm sido efetuados sobre as diferentes propriedades destes materiais. As cerâmicas Y'BA IND.2' "C IND.U 'IND.3' 'O IND. 7-'delta' mostraram que tem suas propriedades supercondutoras fortemente afetadas pela quantidade de oxigênio. Mais recentemente, medidas de relaxações anelásticas em 'LA IND.2'CU 'O IND. 4+'delta' mostraram que a remoção deste elemento pode ser relacionada com dois eventos. Um deles é o decréscimo na mobilidade entre dois planos adjacentes CuO e o outro, é o aumento no número de padrões de mobilidade para os octaedros CU 'O IND. 6'. Para SM'BA IND.2' "C IND.U 'IND.3' 'O IND. 7-'delta' (SBCO), a possibilidade de uma estequiometria de oxigênio variável e sua alta mobilidade nos planos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Since the discovery of the high Tc superconductors, several works have been made about the different propoerties of these materials. Y'BA IND.2' "C IND.U 'IND.3' 'O IND. 7-'delta' ceramic showed to have its superconducting properties strongly affected by the oxygen content. More recently, anelastic relaxation measurements in 'LA IND.2'CU 'O IND. 4+'delta', showed that the remotion of this element can be related to two events. One is the decrease in mobility between two adjacent CuO planes, and the other is the increase in the number of tilting patterns of the Cu 'O IND. 6' octahedra. For SM'BA IND.2' "C IND.U 'IND.3' 'O IND. 7-'delta' (SBCO), the possibility of variable stoichiometry and the high mobility of oxygen in the... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

An experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of compaction on arching of wheat flour in storage. A model bin 475 mm in height and 600 mm × 375 mm in cross-section was used to conduct tests and wheat flour at moisture contents (MC) of 8.6% and 14.2% was tested. Direct shear tests were performed to determine the angle of internal friction and cohesion of wheat flour subjected to various compaction pressures. It was observed that the internal friction angles were about the same for the wheat flour at two moisture contents (37.1 vs. 37.5), but cohesion for 14.2% MC was 32% higher than that for 8.6% MC. The flowability of wheat flour decreased with increasing compaction pressure sharply at the initial stage of compaction. Compaction led to a 64% increase in required hopper opening for arching-free flow for flour at 8.6% MC, and 49% at 14.2% MC. However, compaction pressure had little effect on arch formation after it reached above 5 kPa.

An experimental study was carried out to determine the effect of compaction on arching of wheat flour in storage. A model bin 475 mm in height and 600 mm × 375 mm in cross-section was used to conduct tests and wheat flour at moisture contents (MC) of 8.6% and 14.2% was tested. Direct shear tests were performed to determine the angle of internal friction and cohesion of wheat flour subjected to various compaction pressures. It was observed that the internal friction angles were about the same for the wheat flour at two moisture contents (37.1 vs. 37.5), but cohesion for 14.2% MC was 32% higher than that for 8.6% MC. The flowability of wheat flour decreased with increasing compaction pressure sharply at the initial stage of compaction. Compaction led to a 64% increase in required hopper opening for arching-free flow for flour at 8.6% MC, and 49% at 14.2% MC. However, compaction pressure had little effect on arch formation after it reached above 5 kPa.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-106). Also available in electronic version.

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Resumo: O desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico na área de novos materiais contribui para diversas aplicações do nióbio e suas ligas nas indústrias aeroespacial, aeronáutica, automobilística, naval, usinas nucleares, etc. O Brasil lidera o cenário mundial na oferta de nióbio, atingindo uma participação de 92,4% da produção mundial, justificando, assim, o interesse no estudo desse metal. Este trabalho tem dois objetivos: o primeiro é garantir a introdução do nitrogênio em solução sólida intersticial na matriz metálica Nb sob pressão parcial na ordem de 'X POT.-4' Torr e temperatura na ordem de 173 K, com diferentes tempos de dopagens; e, o segundo é caracterizar a liga Nb-1,0%pZr em termos de suas propriedades anelásticas, com diferentes concentrações de nitrogênio em solução sólida, tendo como referência padrão o metal nióbio. Pelo emprego do método de Espectroscopia Mecânica com base na técnia de atrito interno, que fornece informações sobre as interações Gás-Metal e outras técnicas auxiliares, como Difração de Raios X e Microscopia Eletrônica, foi possível mostrar a introdução de nitrogênio em solução em nióbio sob baixas condições de temperatura e pressão. Além disso, foi efetuada a caracterização anelástica da liga Nb-1,0%pZr em função do aumento da concentração de nitrogênio em solução sólida. / Abstract: The scientific and technological development in the area of new materials has contributed to severa applications of niobium and its alloys to the aerospatial, aeronautical, automotive and naval industries, nuclear power stations, among others. Brazil is a worldwide leader in the supply of supply of niobium, reaching 92.4% share in the world production, thus justifying the interest in the study of that metal. In the present paper, there are two objectives: the first is to guarantee the introduction of nitrogen in an interstitial solid solution of niobium under partial pressure of 10-4 Torr and at a temperature of aound 1373 K, with different doping times. The second one is to characterize a Nb-1,0%Zr alloy according to its anelastic relaxation properties, with different nitrogen concentration in a solid solution, having niobium as a reference. By using Mechanical Spectroscopy, and bases on the internal friction technique - which provides information on Metal-Gas interactions and others auxiliary techniques, such as X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy - it was possible to show the introduction of nitrogen in a solid solution in niobium at a low temperature and pressure conditions. In addition, the anelastic characterization of the Nb-1,0%Zr alloy was performed in therms of the nitrogen concentration in a solid solution, showing complex anelastic relaxation structures, which were decomposed into their component relaxation processes due to stress-induced ordering of oxygen and nitrogen atoms around niobium and zirconium atoms. / Orientador: Carlos Roberto Grandini / Coorientador: Odila Florêncio / Banca: Carlos Alberto Soufen / Banca: Luis Rogério de Oliveira Hein / Banca: Tomaz Toshimi Ishikawa / Banca: Antonio Jorge Abdalla / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Doutor

Esta dissertação mostra a análise da interação de intersticiais pesados como oxigênio e nitrogênio em amostras policristalinas de nióbio e monocristalinas de nióbio e tânalo. Os dados experimentais foram obtidos através de medidas de atrito interno e freqüência de oscilação do pêndulo em função da temperatura, utilizando-se um pêndulo de torção invertido tipo Kê. Os resultados mostram estruturas de relaxação atribuídas à reorientação induzida por tensão de átomos intersticiais em torno de átomos da matriz metálica. Estas estruturas forma analisadas através de dois métodos: subtrações sucessivas e tempo de relaxação. A partir das medidas de atrito interno foram identificados os processos de relaxações Nb-O, Nb-N e Ta-O. Esses mesmos processos de relaxação foram confirmados por meio das medidas de freqüência de oscilação do pendulo usando um método proposto nesta dissertação, o qual relaciona o quadrado dessa freqüência medida e o inverso da temperatura. / This dissertation shows the analysis of heavy interstitials interaction, such as oxygen and nitrogen, in a policrystalline niobium sample and single crystal samples of niobium and tantalum. The experimental data were obtained by internal friction and oscillation frequency measurements as a function of temperature, using a Kê-type inverted torsion pendulum. The results show relaxation structures attributed to stress induced ordering of interstitial atoms around the mettalic matrix atoms. These structures were analysed by two methods: sucessive subtraction and relaxation time. From internal friction measurements, Nb-O, Nb-N and Ta-O relaxation processes were identified. These same relaxation processes were confirmed by oscillation frequency measurements, using a method proposed here, which relates squared frequency with inverse of temperature.

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An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen concentration between 0.27 percent and 1.30 percent on the internal friction peaks in 304L stainless steel. The amplitude of the internal friction peak associated with the stress-induced diffusion of interstitial nitrogen increased as a linear function of the nitrogen content. The activation energy of diffusion was found to decrease with an increase in nitrogen content. The presence of another internal friction peak was observed in the spectrum of the sar.iple containing 1.30 percent nitrogen. A metallographic investigation and a change in the magnetic properties of the specimens after testing along with the disappearance of the internal friction peak caused by nitrogen diffusion when the specimen was rerun indicated that the second peak probably resulted form a chromium-nitrogen interaction. / M.S.