Scholars have examined globalization for many years in terms of its impact on individuals, but it remains a concept not often discussed in the counseling literature (Paredes et al., 2008). As counseling transforms from a Western-based practice to a global phenomenon, it is important to understand counseling within an international context. In this article, the ways in which the process of globalization are currently impacting the field of counseling, implications and future research directions are examined.

The thesis deals with the phenomenon of allotment gardening and allotment sites. These days, numerous sites have to face the threat of extinction, which may be caused by insufficient evaluation of their role in the city environment. The aim of the research of allotment sites is to point out their social, economic and particularly environmental benefits for the city. The first part of the thesis concerns the origin, development and current state of allotment gardening in Europe and Czech lands (particularly in cities). Allotment gardening is then examined in the context of sustainable development, with regard to its environmental, social, economic as well as legal and political aspects. The second part of the thesis describes the case study in Jenerálka, allotment site in Prague. The study investigates the development, current state of the site and its position within the city. In addition, it analyses the role of the site both in the lives of gardeners and for Prague.

The Peruvian economy has performed extraordinarily over the last 10 years. The 2012 per capita GDP is 66 percent above that of 2002, and more than double its 1992 level. In a long term perspective, the cumulative growth of GDP per capita recorded in the last 10 years has been the strongest since 1900. This is the «Peruvian miracle». This paper aims to find the determinants of the Peruvian miracle. In theory, countries’ macroeconomic performance can be determined by two factors: i) the «good (bad) luck effect» that relates to the international context, which may be favorable or unfavorable, and ii) the «good (bad) policies effects», associated with short-term macroeconomic policies or structural reforms,which are policies that alter the current development model. The hypothesis of this work is that the Peruvian miracle of the last 10 years has much to do with good luck, and, in part, with good short-term macroeconomic policies. / La economía peruana ha tenido un desempeño extraordinario en los últimos diez años. El PBI per cápita de 2012 está un 66% por encima del de 2002 y es más del doble de su nivel de 1992. En una perspectiva de largo plazo, el crecimiento acumulado del PBI per cápita registrado en los últimos diez años ha sido el más vigoroso desde 1900. Este es el «milagro peruano». Este artículo tiene como propósito encontrar los factores determinantes del milagro peruano. En teoría,el desempeño macroeconómico de los países puede estar determinado por dos razones: i) el «efecto buena (mala) suerte» que tiene que ver con el contexto internacional que puede ser favorable o desfavorable; y ii) el efecto «buenas (malas) políticas», asociado a las políticas macroeconómicas de cortoplazo o a las reformas estructurales, que son políticas que alteran el modelo de desarrollo vigente. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que el milagro peruano de los últimos diez años tiene mucho que ver con la buena suerte y, en parte, con las buenas políticas macroeconómicas de corto plazo.

Ce travail de recherche porte sur le processus historique ayant abouti à la formation de l’État libyen et de la nation libyenne. Tout au long de cette étude, nous nous sommes efforcés de dévoiler, entre autres choses, les rouages de ce processus de construction, et pour ce faire, avons analysé les grandes étapes s’étant déroulées entre 1911 et 2011. Dans ce cadre, notre attention s’est portée notamment sur les processus de construction de l’identité libyenne, ainsi que sur les mouvements de constitution d’organisations politiques et d’institutions étatiques. De même, cette thèse a-t-elle tenté de présenter les différents régimes politiques et les différents modes d’organisation du pouvoir politique ayant été mis en place durant la période indiquée, en accordant une place à l’étude du rôle joué par les groupes tribaux ainsi qu’à celle des différents dirigeants s’étant succédé à la tête de la Libye. Par ailleurs, un autre objectif de notre recherche a été de présenter le contexte politique, économique, social (que ce soit au niveau régional, national ou international) dans lequel s’est déroulé le processus de construction de l’État libyen, y compris durant ces dernières décennies, marquées par le régime de M. Kadhafi. En précisant que, pour chaque mode de gouvernance ayant été en place, les effets positifs et négatifs de ces derniers sur la société libyenne ont été analysés à la lumière de références historiques précises. / This research focuses on the historical process, leading to the formation of the Libyan State and of the Libyan nation. Throughout this study, we tried to reveal, among other things, the workings of this construction process. In this objective, we have analyzed the milestones that took place between 1911 and 2011. In this context, our attention has been mainly focused on the Libyan identity construction process, as well as on the constitution of political organizations and state institutions. This thesis also tried to present the different political systems, and the different originations of power, implemented during the period indicated. We also studied the role of tribal groups, and the personality of the different leaders who have controlled Libya. Furthermore, another objective of our research has been to present the political, economic and social context (on the regional, national and international levels), in which took place the construction of the Libyan State, including during in recent decades, marked by the regime of M. Gaddafi. Noting that, for each mode of governance, the positive and negative effects on Libyan society have been analyzed, in the light of specific historical references.

The dissertation thesis deals with bases of establishing and maintaining authority in education from the perspective of student teachers in the international context. The thesis is divided into six chapters, the first three of which lay down its theoretical groundwork. In the first chapter the term authority is defined both generally and from the point of view of education, then it is classified and categorized, which is followed by an outline of possible dilemmas authority may cause in education. The second chapter charts both internal and external determinants of establishing and maintaining authority in education, i.e. it deals with the influence of teacher's personality and expertise, pupil, interaction of a teacher and a pupil, official pedagogical documents, as well as social and cultural factors. The theoretical part is concluded by the review of the contemporary research of authority in education. The fourth chapter presents the research question and characterizes bases of the selected research methodology - grounded theory. Also, it describes the research plan and utilized qualitative and quantitative research methods, which include free word associations, sentence completion, mind mapping, short written narratives, focus group, and adapted QTI. The chapter also concerns itself with...