Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DANILO MARQUES BORGES.pdf: 1107337 bytes, checksum: 56f9e88391c486e83abf677306f8893c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-25 / This thesis aims to address the institute of international criminal liability established by the International Criminal Court in light of its importance to the effectiveness of human rights protection. Having goals and understand how they developed the idea of an international criminal law consubstancializado the International Criminal Court, established by the United Nations in 1998 by the Rome Statute. The guiding research questions are: in times of International Criminal Court, further justified the creation of courts of exception? The prediction of item "b" of article 13 of the Rome Statute is sufficient to remove the circumstantial character of established courts to hold nationals of countries not signatory to the said statute or only increases the selectivity and politicization of international accountability for the commission of violations of human rights? The overall objective of the study is to analyze the establishment of international criminal accountability procedures specified in paragraph "b" of article 13 of the Rome Statute to investigate crimes committed by nationals of countries that are not signatories or the said treaty or no show interest in human rights violators accountable. Specific objectives has been, first, to understand, in historical perspective, the process of asserting human rights as a subject of international law and politics, highlighting her background and early experiences; set of principles to understand the structure and jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court emphasizing the complementary nature of its jurisdiction; analyze the procedure of international cooperation, particularly the Office of the delivery, as mitigation instrument of selectivity trials authorized by Security Council Resolution enclose; and, finally, demonstrate that despite selective and highly politicized performances of the International Criminal Court have contributed largely to expand the recognition of human rights as a matter of jus cogens. / A presente dissertação pretende abordar o instituto da responsabilidade penal internacional instituída pelo Tribunal Penal Internacional em face de sua importância para a efetividade da proteção dos Direitos Humanos. Tendo como objetivos entender como se desenvolveu a ideia de um direito penal internacional consubstancializado no Tribunal Penal Internacional, instituído pela Organização das Nações Unidas em 1998, por meio do Estatuto de Roma. As questões que orientam a pesquisa são: em tempos de Tribunal Penal Internacional, ainda se justifica a criação de tribunais de exceção? A previsão da alínea b do artigo 13 do Estatuto de Roma é suficiente para retirar o caráter circunstancial de tribunais instituídos para responsabilizar pessoas nacionais de países não signatários do referido estatuto ou somente aumenta a seletividade e a politização da responsabilização internacional pela prática de violações de direitos humanos? O objetivo geral do estudo é analisar a forma de instauração de procedimentos de responsabilização penal internacional prevista na alínea b do artigo 13 do Estatuto de Roma para se apurar crimes cometidos por nacionais de países que ou não são signatários do referido tratado ou não demonstram interesse em responsabilizar violadores de direitos humanos. Como objetivos específicos tem-se, primeiramente, compreender, em perspectiva histórica, o processo de afirmação dos direitos humanos como tema de direito e de política internacional, ressaltando seus antecedentes e as primeiras experiências; compreender a principiologia, a estrutura e a competência do Tribunal Penal Internacional enfatizando o caráter complementar de sua jurisdição; analisar o procedimento de cooperação internacional, mormente o instituto da entrega, como instrumento mitigador da seletividade que julgamentos autorizados por resolução do Conselho de Segurança encerram; e, por fim, demonstrar que apesar de seletivas e altamente politizadas as atuações do Tribunal Penal Internacional têm contribuído em larga escala para a ampliação do reconhecimento dos direitos humanos como tema de jus cogens.

Esta investigación está dedicada al estudio de los crímenes de guerra y, en el marco de esta categoría de Derecho Internacional Penal, busca constatar los términos de su incorporación al derecho interno colombiano. En este sentido, se persigue identificar si, y de qué manera, la práctica jurídica nacional incorpora las exigencias del Derecho Internacional Penal en materia de elementos constitutivos, de responsabilidad penal individual y de ejercicio de la jurisdicción competente. Particularmente, se pretende desvelar los límites de la acción penal nacional en materia de crímenes de guerra y los límites de la jurisdicción en su ejercicio penal, con el fin de establecer el papel de cooperación y complementariedad de la Corte Penal Internacional (CPI). El Capítulo I desarrolla los antecedentes remotos y recientes de la noción de crímenes de guerra. El estudio histórico privilegia la dimensión jurídica, teniendo en cuenta la evolución del Derecho Internacional, a partir de la construcción de la soberanía estatal y haciendo énfasis en la consolidación del concepto de crímenes de guerra como categoría especial de Derecho Internacional Penal. El Capítulo II aborda los elementos constitutivos de los crímenes de guerra. Para ello, define la naturaleza y alcance de los elementos de los crímenes en el marco del Estatuto de Roma y de la jurisprudencia de la CPI, así como las discusiones doctrinales relativas a su naturaleza vinculante. La investigación define, en primer lugar, los elementos materiales de los crímenes de guerra del Estatuto de Roma, relativos a los conflictos armados internacionales y no internacionales. En segundo lugar, se aborda el elemento de intencionalidad de los crímenes de guerra en el Derecho Internacional Penal y en el derecho penal colombiano. En tercer lugar se estudian los elementos contextuales de los crímenes de guerra, desarrollando la tipología actual de los conflictos armados, con una especial referencia a la existencia, naturaleza y características del conflicto armado colombiano a la luz de la jurisprudencia y la doctrina. El Capítulo III emprende el análisis de la responsabilidad internacional penal del individuo. Con este propósito, la investigación identifica los principios que rigen la responsabilidad internacional penal del individuo por crímenes de guerra y define el modelo de responsabilidad del Estatuto de Roma y del Derecho Penal colombiano. A continuación el Capítulo III presenta las teorías de la responsabilidad internacional B penal aplicadas por los tribunales ad hoc, de la CPI y de la jurisdicción penal colombiana y acomete el análisis de las formas de participación en los crímenes de guerra, como autoría directa, co-autoría o co-perpetración, autoría indirecta o mediata y co-autoría indirecta, así como las formas accesorias de participación. El Capítulo IV estudia la jurisdicción competente para perseguir y sancionar los crímenes de guerra en Colombia. De la misma manera, el estudio incluye los límites de la jurisdicción relativos a la imputación, al comportamiento de los órganos del Estado, a los medios disponibles y al tratamiento que reciben las víctimas. Finalmente, el Capítulo IV se aproxima a las modalidades de cooperación y complementariedad de la CPI, inspirándose en los desarrollos de la propia corporación en la materia. Las conclusiones son una síntesis de conceptos y hechos que se consideran probados a lo largo de la investigación, que sirven como punto de partida a una serie de sugerencias y propuestas con miras al fortalecimiento de las instituciones democráticas en Colombia en su tarea de prevenir, perseguir y sancionar los crímenes de guerra que ofenden profundamente la dignidad humana. / This thesis is dedicated to the study of war crimes, and under this category of International Criminal Law, seeks to confirm the terms of its enactment into the Colombian law. In this sense, it aims to establish the role of cooperation and complementarity of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Chapter I develops remote and recent history of the notion of war crimes. The historical study establishes the legal dimension and emphasis of the concept of war crimes as a special category of International Criminal Law. Chapter II examins the nature and scope of the elements of war crimes under the Rome Statute, the jurisprudence of the ICC, and the doctrinal discussions concerning their binding character. The research defines the material, mental, and contextual elements of war crimes. In doing so it develops the current typology of armed conflict with special reference to the existence, nature, and characteristics of the Colombian armed conflict in the way of the jurisprudence and doctrine. An analysis of international criminal responsibility of the individual is offerred in chapter III by identifying its governing principles. In addition to including an analysis of the forms of participation in war crimes, the chapter also presents the theories of international criminal responsibility applied by the ad hoc tribunals, the ICC, and the Colombian criminal jurisdiction. The jurisdiction to prosecute and punish war crimes in Colombia is closely studied in chapter IV. This chapter includes the limits of the internal jurisdiction and is closed by the modalities of cooperation and complementarity of the ICC, inspired by the developments of the cooperation itself in the matter. a The findings are a synthesis of concepts and facts substantiated through research, which serves as a starting point to a number of suggestions and proposals for strengthening democratic institutions in Colombia in their efforts to prevent, prosecute and punishing war crimes that deeply offend human dignity.

This dissertation intends to analyse the practice of amnesties in the context of grave human rights violations using northern Uganda as a case study. It also examines its consistency with the obligation upon states to protect human rights through the prosecution of perpetrators of the said violations. It will, accordingly, analyse the implications of the complementary mandate of the International Criminal Court (ICC) to national jurisdictions. Furthermore, the author also explores the tension which results from national amnesties and the principle of international criminal responsibility, a principle that the ICC has the mandate to enforce. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Ben Kiromba Twinomugisha of the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za / Centre for Human Rights / LLM