Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Feminist international relations theories stress that global solutions to environmental, social and economic dilemmas will not be accurately diagnosed nor corrected until hierarchal social relations, including gender relations, intrinsic to the global economic and political framework are recognized and altered. How does a feminist interpretation of international relations aid in the adoption of global taxes to benefit women? This study explores the ways a mechanism such as global taxation could be utilized to create a more equitable global political economy. The study is exploratory making use of a qualitative methodology employing secondary data from industries such as tourism, toy production, and textiles. Feminist perspectives on environmental, social, and economic security, rational actor behavior and collectivism facilitate the dialogue which is essential for global tax implementation. The adoption of global taxes has the capability to better the lived experiences of women globally by minimizing poverty and strengthening the working conditions of women worldwide. Proposed carbon taxes and global commons taxes work to redefine environmental security by placing appropriate price indicators on the use of globally used resources. Proposed email taxes, world trade taxes, and currency exchange fee taxes grant the fiscal resources necessary to create greater economic and social security. Chapter One is an analysis of the global political economy. Chapter Two explains the controversial and progressive idea of a global tax administered by the United Nations to deal with the inequity of globalization. Chapter Three focuses on the linkages between the introduction of a global tax and the feminist perspective on the global political economy. Chapter Four summarizes the structural inadequacies of the current economic framework to address the economic and social grievances that global taxes combat. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Feministiese teorieë oor internasionale verhoudinge benadruk die feit dat wêreldwye oplossings vir omgewings-, maatskaplike en ekonomiese probleme nóg akkuraat gediagnoseer nóg reggestel kan word tensy hiërargiese sosiale verhoudinge (waaronder genderverhoudinge), wat onlosmaaklik deel van die wêreldwye ekonomiese en politieke raamwerk is, as sulks erken en verander word. Hoe dra die feministiese interpretasie van internasionale verhoudinge by tot die instelling van wêreldwye belasting wat vroue tot voordeel strek? Hierdie studie ondersoek maniere waarop 'n meganisme soos wêreldwye belasting benut kan word om 'n billiker wêreldwye politieke ekonomie daar te stel. Die studie is ondersoekend van aard en maak gebruik van kwalitatiewe metodes wat sekondêre data uit bedrywe soos toerisme, speelgoedproduksie en die tekstielbedryf gebruik. Feministiese standpunte oor omgewings-, maatskaplike en ekonomiese sekuriteit, rasionele optrede en kollektivisme dra by tot dialoog wat noodsaaklik is vir die instelling van wêreldwye belasting. Danksy die instelling van wêreldwye belasting kan die lewenservaring van vroue wêreldwyd verbeter word deur armoede te beperk en werkstoestande van vroue wêreldwyd te verbeter. Die voorgestelde koolstofbelasting en wêreldmeent-belasting sal bydra tot 'n nuwe benadering in omgewingsbeveiliging deurdat toepaslike prysaanwysers aan die gebruik van wêreldwyd benutte hulpbronne gekoppel word. Die voorgestelde e-posbelasting, wêreldhandelbelasting en belasting op valutagelde sal nodige fiskale middele bied vir die daarstelling van beter ekonomiese en maatskaplike sekuriteit. Hoofstuk 1 is 'n analise van die wêreldwye politieke ekonomie. Hoofstuk 2 is 'n uiteensetting wêreldwye belasting as kontroversiële en progressiewe konsep, wat deur die Verenigde Nasies geadministreer sou word om die wanbalans in globalisasie die hoof te bied. Hoofstuk 3 handel oor die raakpunte tussen die instelling van 'n wêreldwye belasting en die feministiese beskouing van die wêreldwye politieke ekonomie. Hoofstuk 4 bied 'n oorsig oor die strukturele ontoereikendheid van die huidige ekonomiese raamwerk met betrekking tot die ekonomiese en maatskaplike griewe wat wêreldwye belasting sou bekamp.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal, analisar elementos da interculturalidade no contexto organizacional a partir da inserção de trabalhadores haitianos, em diferentes organizações de Pato Branco – PR. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 11 entrevistados com vínculo em organizações de segmentos diversos que contrataram trabalhadores haitianos. A primeira etapa da coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de documentos e relatórios oficiais disponibilizados por órgãos como o Ministério do Trabalho, Polícia Federal, Observatório das Migrações. Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas e grupo focal, utilizando-se um roteiro semiestruturado com perguntas abertas. Para a análise qualitativa dos dados, empregou-se o método de análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 2016). As categorias de análise a priori definidas foram: Trocas entre diferentes culturas; interação entre culturas, alteridade, diferença e identidade. Os resultados a partir das categorias analíticas evidenciam que relativo as trocas entre culturas, o ambiente organizacional é impermeável, ou seja, a cultura nacional é predominante. Quanto a interação entre culturas, os resultados evidenciaram para a existência de barreira linguística refletindo no desempenho do trabalho, segregação, bem como na dificuldade de interação. Ainda, há ausência de mobilização para estimular o convívio que fomente a proximidade entre nativos e migrantes. Em relação a alteridade verificou-se a ausência, ou seja, não há práticas que contemple a valorização das diferenças existentes. A disparidade salarial e de competências técnicas também revelou-se como uma barreira ao crescimento e reconhecimento profissional. Na categoria diferença, identificou-se que a comunicação é um desafio na gestão intercultural, pois há dificuldade de estabelecer diálogos, em virtude, da falta de conhecimento da língua portuguesa. A constatação relativo a identidade revelam que os discursos institucionais priorizam relações democráticas, ao qual todos possuem oportunidades e direitos igualitários, todavia, as ações não ocorrem na prática. Conclui-se que as organizações precisam investir na preparação de equipes que acolham trabalhadores migrantes, principalmente, no que tange as políticas e práticas de comunicação, uma vez que se percebeu o distanciamento provocado as limitações da linguagem. Faz-se necessária a melhoria da leitura do cenário organizacional, bem como a superação de preconceitos existentes nas culturas organizacionais e as formas etnocêntrica de perceber as relações entre trabalho e pessoas. Assim, é importante o desenvolvimento de políticas e estratégias que possibilitem ações para a integração efetiva do trabalhador migrante, e a promoção da interação cultural. / The present dissertation has as its main objective, to analyze elements of interculturality in the organizational context from the insertion of Haitian workers, in different organizations of Pato Branco - PR. For that, it was made a research which was exploratory, descriptive and with a qualitative approach. The sample of the study was composed by 11 interviewees who were bonded to organizations of diverse segments that hired Haitian workers. The first stage of data collection was carried out through official documents and reports available by agencies such as Ministry of Labor, Federal Police, Migration Observatory. Subsequently, interviews and focus group were conducted, using a semi-structured script with open questions. For the qualitative analysis of the data, the content analysis method was used (BARDIN, 2016). The categories of analysis defined in the first place were: Exchanges between different cultures; interaction between cultures, alterity, difference and identity. The results from the analytical categories show that in relation to the exchanges between cultures, the organizational environment is impermeable, that is, the national culture is predominant. Regarding the interaction between cultures, the results evidenced for the existence of a linguistic barrier reflecting in the work performance, segregation, as well as in the difficulty of interaction. Still, there is no mobilization to stimulate interaction that encourage the proximity between natives and migrants. In relation to alterity, the absence was verified, that is, there are no practices that contemplate the appreciation of the existing differences. The pay and technical skills gap also proved to be a barrier to growth and professional recognition. In the difference category, it was identified that communication is a challenge in intercultural management, because it is difficult to establish dialogues, due to lack of knowledge of the Portuguese language. The findings about identity reveal that institutional discourses prioritize democratic relations, to which all have equal opportunities and rights, however, these actions do not occur in practice. It is concluded that organizations need to invest in the preparation of teams that accommodate migrant workers, especially in terms of policies and communication practices, once it was noticed the distance caused by language limitations. It is necessary to improve the reading of the organizational scenario, as well as overcoming existing prejudices in organizational cultures and ethnocentric ways of perceiving the relationships between work and people. Thus, it is important to develop policies and strategies that enable actions for the effective integration of the migrant worker, and the promotion of cultural interaction.

This thesis is a profoundly personal one. It examines the role of context in creation (authorship) and perception (reading an image) of representation. Born in Sri Lanka during the emergence of one the world's longest lasting civil wars, I never recognized my love and concern for the Island and its ancient history and culture until I traveled to America to pursue a higher education. Ever since, I have constantly found myself in situations where I am regarded as the 'other' or the 'outsider' ; I seem to not fit in completely in this country as well as in my own. In the US I am considered 'eastern' or 'exotic', whereas in my own country, I am considered 'westernized', no longer looked at as a typical Sri Lankan woman. This thesis examines and explores marginalization, orientalism, deconstruction theories, semiotic studies, dialect as well as attire, in the specific context of Graphic Design. / by Fathima Asma Nazim. / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Orientador: Luis Fernando Ayerbe / Banca: Mary Ann Junqueira / Banca: Marcelo Santos / Banca: Samuel Alves Soares / Banca: Reginaldo Carmello Corrêa de Moraes / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Resumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar como as narrativas discursivas acerca das relações internacionais caracterizam o "outro" e estabelecem formas de imaginar a nação como elemento de construção de hegemonia. De modo mais específico, coloca o foco de analise sobre o imaginário acerca da Nicarágua, de El Salvador e dos Estados Unidos nas narrativas discursivas produzidas por intelectuais nos periódicos estadunidenses Commentary Magazine, de viés neoconservador, e The New Republic, de tendência neoliberal, durante o período conhecido como Crise da América Central entre 1977 e 1992. A hipótese principal que norteia esta pesquisa é a de que essas narrativas discursivas conformam formas negativas de imaginar a América Central e o centro americano e, em paralelo, formas positivas de imaginar os Estados Unidos e os estadunidenses que justificam políticas intervencionistas na região. Portanto, funcionam como elemento de construção de hegemonia sobre diferentes estratégias intervencionistas. Para fazer esta análise, esta tese adota uma abordagem teórica metodológica calcada nos conceitos de sociedade civil, intelectuais, hegemonia e "comunidade imaginada" e em ferramentas de análise de discurso, situando os atores e as instituições nos processos históricos que se desenvolvem sincronicamente nos Estados Unidos e na América Central / Abstract: This thesis aims to investigate how the discursive narratives about international relations characterize the "other" and establish ways of imagining the nation as a means of hegemony construction element. More specifically, the analysis focuses on the imaginary of Nicaragua, El Salvador and the United States in the discursive narratives produced by intellectuals in the US journal Commentary Magazine and The New Republic during the period known as the Crisis in Central America between 1977 and 1992. The main hypothesis guiding this research is that these discursive narratives conform negative ways of imagining Central America and, in parallel, positive ways to imagine the United States to justify interventionist policies in the region. Therefore, act as element that builds hegemony of different interventional strategies. To do this analysis, this thesis adopts a methodological theoretical approach rooted in the concepts of civil society, intellectuals, hegemony and "imagined community" and discursive analysis tools, placing the actors and institutions in the historical processes that develop in United States and Central America / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-05-15. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:18:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000846942.pdf: 1691527 bytes, checksum: fff978a959382058e9d072f92602a5a5 (MD5) / Esta tese tem como objetivo investigar como as narrativas discursivas acerca das relações internacionais caracterizam o outro e estabelecem formas de imaginar a nação como elemento de construção de hegemonia. De modo mais específico, coloca o foco de analise sobre o imaginário acerca da Nicarágua, de El Salvador e dos Estados Unidos nas narrativas discursivas produzidas por intelectuais nos periódicos estadunidenses Commentary Magazine, de viés neoconservador, e The New Republic, de tendência neoliberal, durante o período conhecido como Crise da América Central entre 1977 e 1992. A hipótese principal que norteia esta pesquisa é a de que essas narrativas discursivas conformam formas negativas de imaginar a América Central e o centro americano e, em paralelo, formas positivas de imaginar os Estados Unidos e os estadunidenses que justificam políticas intervencionistas na região. Portanto, funcionam como elemento de construção de hegemonia sobre diferentes estratégias intervencionistas. Para fazer esta análise, esta tese adota uma abordagem teórica metodológica calcada nos conceitos de sociedade civil, intelectuais, hegemonia e comunidade imaginada e em ferramentas de análise de discurso, situando os atores e as instituições nos processos históricos que se desenvolvem sincronicamente nos Estados Unidos e na América Central / This thesis aims to investigate how the discursive narratives about international relations characterize the other and establish ways of imagining the nation as a means of hegemony construction element. More specifically, the analysis focuses on the imaginary of Nicaragua, El Salvador and the United States in the discursive narratives produced by intellectuals in the US journal Commentary Magazine and The New Republic during the period known as the Crisis in Central America between 1977 and 1992. The main hypothesis guiding this research is that these discursive narratives conform negative ways of imagining Central America and, in parallel, positive ways to imagine the United States to justify interventionist policies in the region. Therefore, act as element that builds hegemony of different interventional strategies. To do this analysis, this thesis adopts a methodological theoretical approach rooted in the concepts of civil society, intellectuals, hegemony and imagined community and discursive analysis tools, placing the actors and institutions in the historical processes that develop in United States and Central America

Drawing insight from ethnic studies along with cultural and human geography, the main focus of this thesis is to identify the cultural survival mechanisms of immigrants by using as a case study the framework of the Greek-Canadian unbounded ethnic community in South Florida. Greek- Canadians, being a twice-migrant group, first in Canada and later in the United States, reflect the challenges contemporary immigrants face in order to maintain their ethnic culture in this increasingly transnational environment. In the past few years, researchers have examined the impact of the spatial concentration of immigrants in large metropolitan areas with little attention centered on ethnic communities that lack geographic propinquity. In order to uncover the cultural survival mechanisms of this immigrant group, this study suggests looking beyond the traditional model. This new model of ethnic community is called `Culturescape.' This contemporary ethnic community not only meets the needs of immigrants but also aids their cultural maintenance and preservation. The use of the realism-structuration framework enables a multi-method research approach in order to examine beyond the level of events and to explore the mechanisms that generate the creation of unbounded ethnic communities. This study combines a number of sources that have been collected over a three-year period. Multiple indepth interviews with Greek immigrants were conducted not only in South Florida but in Montreal as well. Additionally, an on- line structured survey open to all selfidentified Greeks in South Florida was conducted. Field notes from many ethnic events as well as official documents and the Internet were utilized. This research reveals that Greek-Canadians constructed their culturescape as a strategy to maintain and practice their ethnic culture. Their culturescape functions as a traditional geographically bounded ethnic community; however, it is a reflection of contemporary global conditions. Based on this case-study, geographic setting does matter because it structures the way cultures evolve. When immigrants move to a new setting, a two-way process of cultural exchange inevitably takes place. Hence, the Greek-Canadian culturescape is as unique as the setting that creates it. / Geography / D.Litt. et Phil. (Geography)

Drawing insight from ethnic studies along with cultural and human geography, the main focus of this thesis is to identify the cultural survival mechanisms of immigrants by using as a case study the framework of the Greek-Canadian unbounded ethnic community in South Florida. Greek- Canadians, being a twice-migrant group, first in Canada and later in the United States, reflect the challenges contemporary immigrants face in order to maintain their ethnic culture in this increasingly transnational environment. In the past few years, researchers have examined the impact of the spatial concentration of immigrants in large metropolitan areas with little attention centered on ethnic communities that lack geographic propinquity. In order to uncover the cultural survival mechanisms of this immigrant group, this study suggests looking beyond the traditional model. This new model of ethnic community is called `Culturescape.' This contemporary ethnic community not only meets the needs of immigrants but also aids their cultural maintenance and preservation. The use of the realism-structuration framework enables a multi-method research approach in order to examine beyond the level of events and to explore the mechanisms that generate the creation of unbounded ethnic communities. This study combines a number of sources that have been collected over a three-year period. Multiple indepth interviews with Greek immigrants were conducted not only in South Florida but in Montreal as well. Additionally, an on- line structured survey open to all selfidentified Greeks in South Florida was conducted. Field notes from many ethnic events as well as official documents and the Internet were utilized. This research reveals that Greek-Canadians constructed their culturescape as a strategy to maintain and practice their ethnic culture. Their culturescape functions as a traditional geographically bounded ethnic community; however, it is a reflection of contemporary global conditions. Based on this case-study, geographic setting does matter because it structures the way cultures evolve. When immigrants move to a new setting, a two-way process of cultural exchange inevitably takes place. Hence, the Greek-Canadian culturescape is as unique as the setting that creates it. / Geography / D.Litt. et Phil. (Geography)