No description available.

Estudo descritivo, correlacional, cujos objetivos foram realizar a adaptação transcultural para México dos instrumentos Teenagee Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) e o Cuestionario de Evaluación de Dificultades Interpersonales en la Adolescencia (CEDIA) e identificar as características pessoais, familiares e sociais (competência social e dificuldades interpessoais) que podem influenciar o consumo de drogas em adolescentes escolares de Monterrey, N. L. México. Seguiram-se as etapas metodológicas para a adaptação transcultural: 1) Tradução, 2) Retrotradução, 3) Revisão por um comitê de especialistas 4) Aplicação de uma prova piloto e analise das propriedades psicométricas de validação e confiabilidade dos instrumentos TISS e CEDIA, numa amostra de 1.221 estudantes de ensino fundamental. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o instrumento TISS é uma ferramenta confiável na avaliação da competência social, obtendo-se valores de consistência interna aceitáveis ao aplicar-se em adolescentes escolares mexicanos. As Inter-correlações entre as subescalas de conduta pró-social e anti-social demonstraram ser negativas e estatisticamente significativas, o que confirma a existência de domínios de condutas diferentes, além de verificar a existência de dois fatores através da análise fatorial aplicada ao instrumento TISS. Em relação ao Questionário CEDIA, encontraram-se adequadas propriedades psicométricas, elevada confiabilidade e valores aceitáveis do coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach para a escala total e cada uma das subescalas de dificuldades interpessoais (assertividade, relações heterossexuais, falar em público, relações familiares e relações com amigos), indicaram-se coeficientes de correlação positivos e significativos entre as subescalas; e se afirmou a natureza multidimensional do questionário CEDIA. Por outro lado, apresentaram-se diferenças significativas da conduta pró-social e antisocial segundo sexo, idade e escolaridade. Além de encontrar diferenças das dificuldades interpessoais segundo sexo e idade nos adolescentes. Em relação ao consumo de drogas legais alguma vez em sua vida, mais do 40,0% consumiu bebidas alcoólicas, 36,2% consumiu tabaco. Sobre às drogas ilegais, assinalou-se que 2,4% usaram inalantes, 2,0% experimentaram maconha e 0,8% consumiram cocaína alguma vez em sua vida. Não se encontraram diferenças de consumo de drogas por sexo. No entanto encontraram-se diferenças de consumo de tabaco nos adolescentes escolares por idade, escolaridade e ocupação e ou viver ou não com o pai. Identificou-se que mais do 80,0% apresentava muito baixa dependência de consumo de tabaco através do questionário FAGESTROM. Em relação ao consumo de álcool, os homens mostram mais alta proporção de consumo atual, destacando-se diferenças de consumo por idade e escolaridade. O instrumento AUDIT mostrou que mais do 30,0% apresentava consumo de álcool em risco, 14,8% dos participantes apresentaram sintomas de dependência e 29,7% manifestavam danos relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Em relação ao consumo de drogas ilegais não se apresentaram diferenças nas variáveis do estudo. Observou-se que quanto a maior conduta pró-social menor é o consumo de drogas nos adolescentes. Encontrou-se relação da conduta anti-social com o consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas. As dificuldades interpessoais não apresentaram relação com o consumo de drogas. As variáveis que têm a probabilidade de predizer o consumo de tabaco, são idade, sexo, conduta anti-social, dificuldades interpessoais para falar em público e relações heterossexuais. Referente ao consumo de álcool, as variáveis que predizem o consumo são idade, sexo, escolaridade, conduta anti-social, dificuldades interpessoais na assertividade, relações heterossexuais, relações familiares e relações com amigos. Mostrou-se que a conduta anti-social é a única variável que tem a probabilidade de predizer o consumo de drogas ilícitas nos adolescentes escolares. / This descriptive, correlational study aimed to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the instruments Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) and the Questionnaire of Interpersonal Difficulties in Adolescence (QIDA), besides identifying the personal, family and social characteristics (social competence and interpersonal difficulties) that can influence drugs consumption among adolescents of school age in Monterrey, N. L. Mexico. The methodological steps were followed for the cross-cultural adaptation: 1) Translation, 2) Retro-translation, 3) Revision for a committee of specialists and finally the application of a pilot proof of the TISS and QIDA instruments, in a sample of 1221 secondary-school students. The results show that the TISS instrument is a reliable tool to assess social competence. Acceptable internal consistency values were obtained when applied to Mexican adolescent students. The intercorrelations between the prosocial and antisocial conduct subscales showed to be negative and statistically significant, which confirms the existence of different conduct domains, besides verifying the existence of two factors through the factorial analysis applied to the TISS instrument. As to the QIDA Questionnaire, adequate psychometric properties were found, as well as high reliability and acceptable values of Cronbach\'s Alpha for the total scale and for each of the interpersonal difficulty subscales (assertiveness, heterosexual relations, talking in public, family relationships and relationships with friends), with positive correlation coefficients between the subscales; and the multidimensional nature of the QIDA questionnaire was affirmed. On the other hand, significant differences in prosocial and antisocial conduct appeared according to gender, age, and education level. Moreover, differences in interpersonal difficulties were found depending on the adolescents\' gender and age. With respect to drugs consumption at some time in their life, more than 40% had consumed alcoholic beverages and 36.2% tobacco. What illegal drugs are concerned, 2.4% had used inhalants, 2.0% had experimented marihuana and 0.8% had consumed cocaine at some time in their life. No differences in drugs consumption were found according to gender. However, differences in tobacco consumption were found among the adolescent students depending on age, education level, occupation and living with the father or not. It was also identified that more than 80.0% presented very low dependence on tobacco consumption through the FAGESTROM questionnaire. As to alcohol consumption, men reported the highest level of current consumption, highlighting consumption differences according to age and education level. The AUDIT instrument showed that more than 30.0% presented hazardous alcohol consumption, 14.8% of participants displayed symptoms of addiction and 29.7% manifested damage related to alcohol consumption. What the consumption of illegal drugs is concerned, no differences were found in the study variables. It was observed that a higher level of prosocial conduct corresponded to a lower level of alcohol consumption among the adolescents. A relation was found between antisocial conduct and the consumption of alcohol and illegal drugs. Interpersonal difficulties did not reveal a relation with drugs consumption. It should be appointed that the variables with probability of predicting tobacco consumption were age, gender, antisocial conduct, interpersonal difficulties to talk in public and heterosexual relations. As to alcohol consumption, predicting variables were age, gender, education level, antisocial conduct, interpersonal difficulties related to assertiveness, heterosexual relations, family relationships and relationships with friends. It was shown that antisocial conduct was the only variable with probability to predict illegal drugs consumption in the adolescent students.

S’il est actuellement reconnu qu’un ensemble de facteurs vulnérabilisant et protecteurs interagissent dans les processus d’instauration des conduites de dépendance alcoolique et cannabique à l’adolescence, les connaissances sont encore peu avancées concernant la manière dont ils s’articulent. Parmi ces facteurs, certains traits de personnalité, l’estime de soi et les difficultés interpersonnelles, sont considérés comme majeurs. L’introduction théorique de notre travail tente de mettre en évidence l’intérêt de retenir la théorie des Big Five (Goldberg, 1993; John & Srivastava, 1999) dans l’étude de ces conduites, car elle est considérée actuellement comme une taxonomie rigoureuse, connaissant un large consensus dans le domaine de la psychologie de la personnalité (McAdams & Pals, 2006). Dans cette même partie, nous soulignons l’intérêt de s’appuyer sur une conception multi-dimensionnelle de l’estime de soi, afin de l’inscrire dans une approche globale. Enfin, nous y distinguons différents domaines liés aux difficultés interpersonnelles à l’adolescence, tels que l’affirmation de soi, les relations familiales, les relations aux pairs, les relations amicales et les relations sentimentales / Even though it is now commonly acknowldged that a set of destabilising and protecting factors are at play in the appearance of alcohol and cannabis dependence in adolescents, there is as of yet little knowledge of how these factors actually interact. Amongst the latter, certain personality traits, self-esteem and interpersonal difficulties are considered key. The theoretical introduction to our work aims at underlining the importance of the theory of the Big Five (Goldberg, 1993; John & Srivastava, 1999) in this field, this model being currently considered a rigorous taxonomy that gathers a large consensus in the field of personality psychology (McAdams & Pals, 2006). In the introduction as well, we stress the relevance of a multi-dimensional conception of self-esteem, so as to frame it as part of a wider approach. Finally, we establish different areas related to interpersonal difficulties in adolescents, such as self-assertion, family relations, relations with peers, love relationships and friendship

Estudo descritivo, correlacional, cujos objetivos foram realizar a adaptação transcultural para México dos instrumentos Teenagee Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) e o Cuestionario de Evaluación de Dificultades Interpersonales en la Adolescencia (CEDIA) e identificar as características pessoais, familiares e sociais (competência social e dificuldades interpessoais) que podem influenciar o consumo de drogas em adolescentes escolares de Monterrey, N. L. México. Seguiram-se as etapas metodológicas para a adaptação transcultural: 1) Tradução, 2) Retrotradução, 3) Revisão por um comitê de especialistas 4) Aplicação de uma prova piloto e analise das propriedades psicométricas de validação e confiabilidade dos instrumentos TISS e CEDIA, numa amostra de 1.221 estudantes de ensino fundamental. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que o instrumento TISS é uma ferramenta confiável na avaliação da competência social, obtendo-se valores de consistência interna aceitáveis ao aplicar-se em adolescentes escolares mexicanos. As Inter-correlações entre as subescalas de conduta pró-social e anti-social demonstraram ser negativas e estatisticamente significativas, o que confirma a existência de domínios de condutas diferentes, além de verificar a existência de dois fatores através da análise fatorial aplicada ao instrumento TISS. Em relação ao Questionário CEDIA, encontraram-se adequadas propriedades psicométricas, elevada confiabilidade e valores aceitáveis do coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach para a escala total e cada uma das subescalas de dificuldades interpessoais (assertividade, relações heterossexuais, falar em público, relações familiares e relações com amigos), indicaram-se coeficientes de correlação positivos e significativos entre as subescalas; e se afirmou a natureza multidimensional do questionário CEDIA. Por outro lado, apresentaram-se diferenças significativas da conduta pró-social e antisocial segundo sexo, idade e escolaridade. Além de encontrar diferenças das dificuldades interpessoais segundo sexo e idade nos adolescentes. Em relação ao consumo de drogas legais alguma vez em sua vida, mais do 40,0% consumiu bebidas alcoólicas, 36,2% consumiu tabaco. Sobre às drogas ilegais, assinalou-se que 2,4% usaram inalantes, 2,0% experimentaram maconha e 0,8% consumiram cocaína alguma vez em sua vida. Não se encontraram diferenças de consumo de drogas por sexo. No entanto encontraram-se diferenças de consumo de tabaco nos adolescentes escolares por idade, escolaridade e ocupação e ou viver ou não com o pai. Identificou-se que mais do 80,0% apresentava muito baixa dependência de consumo de tabaco através do questionário FAGESTROM. Em relação ao consumo de álcool, os homens mostram mais alta proporção de consumo atual, destacando-se diferenças de consumo por idade e escolaridade. O instrumento AUDIT mostrou que mais do 30,0% apresentava consumo de álcool em risco, 14,8% dos participantes apresentaram sintomas de dependência e 29,7% manifestavam danos relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Em relação ao consumo de drogas ilegais não se apresentaram diferenças nas variáveis do estudo. Observou-se que quanto a maior conduta pró-social menor é o consumo de drogas nos adolescentes. Encontrou-se relação da conduta anti-social com o consumo de álcool e drogas ilícitas. As dificuldades interpessoais não apresentaram relação com o consumo de drogas. As variáveis que têm a probabilidade de predizer o consumo de tabaco, são idade, sexo, conduta anti-social, dificuldades interpessoais para falar em público e relações heterossexuais. Referente ao consumo de álcool, as variáveis que predizem o consumo são idade, sexo, escolaridade, conduta anti-social, dificuldades interpessoais na assertividade, relações heterossexuais, relações familiares e relações com amigos. Mostrou-se que a conduta anti-social é a única variável que tem a probabilidade de predizer o consumo de drogas ilícitas nos adolescentes escolares. / This descriptive, correlational study aimed to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the instruments Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) and the Questionnaire of Interpersonal Difficulties in Adolescence (QIDA), besides identifying the personal, family and social characteristics (social competence and interpersonal difficulties) that can influence drugs consumption among adolescents of school age in Monterrey, N. L. Mexico. The methodological steps were followed for the cross-cultural adaptation: 1) Translation, 2) Retro-translation, 3) Revision for a committee of specialists and finally the application of a pilot proof of the TISS and QIDA instruments, in a sample of 1221 secondary-school students. The results show that the TISS instrument is a reliable tool to assess social competence. Acceptable internal consistency values were obtained when applied to Mexican adolescent students. The intercorrelations between the prosocial and antisocial conduct subscales showed to be negative and statistically significant, which confirms the existence of different conduct domains, besides verifying the existence of two factors through the factorial analysis applied to the TISS instrument. As to the QIDA Questionnaire, adequate psychometric properties were found, as well as high reliability and acceptable values of Cronbach\'s Alpha for the total scale and for each of the interpersonal difficulty subscales (assertiveness, heterosexual relations, talking in public, family relationships and relationships with friends), with positive correlation coefficients between the subscales; and the multidimensional nature of the QIDA questionnaire was affirmed. On the other hand, significant differences in prosocial and antisocial conduct appeared according to gender, age, and education level. Moreover, differences in interpersonal difficulties were found depending on the adolescents\' gender and age. With respect to drugs consumption at some time in their life, more than 40% had consumed alcoholic beverages and 36.2% tobacco. What illegal drugs are concerned, 2.4% had used inhalants, 2.0% had experimented marihuana and 0.8% had consumed cocaine at some time in their life. No differences in drugs consumption were found according to gender. However, differences in tobacco consumption were found among the adolescent students depending on age, education level, occupation and living with the father or not. It was also identified that more than 80.0% presented very low dependence on tobacco consumption through the FAGESTROM questionnaire. As to alcohol consumption, men reported the highest level of current consumption, highlighting consumption differences according to age and education level. The AUDIT instrument showed that more than 30.0% presented hazardous alcohol consumption, 14.8% of participants displayed symptoms of addiction and 29.7% manifested damage related to alcohol consumption. What the consumption of illegal drugs is concerned, no differences were found in the study variables. It was observed that a higher level of prosocial conduct corresponded to a lower level of alcohol consumption among the adolescents. A relation was found between antisocial conduct and the consumption of alcohol and illegal drugs. Interpersonal difficulties did not reveal a relation with drugs consumption. It should be appointed that the variables with probability of predicting tobacco consumption were age, gender, antisocial conduct, interpersonal difficulties to talk in public and heterosexual relations. As to alcohol consumption, predicting variables were age, gender, education level, antisocial conduct, interpersonal difficulties related to assertiveness, heterosexual relations, family relationships and relationships with friends. It was shown that antisocial conduct was the only variable with probability to predict illegal drugs consumption in the adolescent students.

This thesis is a qualitative investigation of the factors which maintain anorexia nervosa (AN) according to the transdiagnostic theory of eating disorders (Fairburn et al., 2003). AN is difficult to treat and continues to evade complete understanding. The present study aimed to promote further understanding of food restriction and physical activity in relation to the constructs of clinical perfectionism, core low self-esteem, mood intolerance, and interpersonal difficulties. Twenty females with self-reported AN were recruited from Guelph, Ontario and participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed eight major themes for clinical perfectionism, five for core low self-esteem, five for mood intolerance, and six for interpersonal difficulties. The in-depth emotional accounts and details of food restriction and physical activity in relation to the four constructs examined in this study may contribute to further appreciation of AN, informing practitioners and family members, promoting empathy, and improving treatment options.